[外语类试卷]2006年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2006年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 You dont object _ you by your first name, do you? （ A） that I call （ B） for calling （ C） that I am calling （ D） to my calling 2 _ initial recognition while still quite young. （ A） Most famous scientists achieved （ B） That most famous scientists s

2、chieved （ C） Most famous scientists who achieved （ D） For most famous scientists to achieve 3 The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred _. （ A） the area in which dinosaurs roamed （ B） when dinosaurs roamed the area （ C） did dinosaurs roa

3、m the area （ D） dinosaurs roaming the area 4 Not until Kentuckys Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972_. （ A） when was its full extent realized （ B） that its full extent realized （ C） was its full extent realized （ D） the realimtion of its full extent 5 _ three times in a row, the boxer

4、decided to give up fighting. （ A） Because having been defeated （ B） Because being defeated （ C） Having been defeated （ D） Having defeated 6 A membership card authorizes _ the clubs facilities for a period of 12 months. （ A） the holder using （ B） the holders use （ C） the holder to use （ D） the holder

5、 uses 7 At no time should we be _ by success. （ A） carried off （ B） carried away （ C） carried down （ D） carried out 8 The Sydney express was _ for two hours by the sudden storm. （ A） held down （ B） held with （ C） held out （ D） held up 9 There are no solitary, free-living creatures; every form of lif

6、e is _ other forms. （ A） dependent to （ B） depended to （ C） depended on （ D） dependent on 10 Iceland lies far north in the Athlantic, with its northernmost tip actually _ the Arctic Circle. （ A） touched （ B） touches （ C） touching （ D） being touched 二、 Error Identification 11 No one (care about) if h

7、e (appears) at the meeting next year or not. If (it happens) he will (be made to) apologize for his careless comments. （ A） care about （ B） appears （ C） it happens （ D） be made 12 (Even) (a one-minute) delay will destroy (arrangements of) the meeting if you dont schedule your time (well). （ A） Even

8、（ B） a one-minute （ C） arrangements of （ D） well 13 School counselors (are convinced) that it will be obligatory that everyone (must have) (some computer training) in order to (enter) the job market. （ A） are convinced （ B） must have （ C） some computer training （ D） enter 14 (The age of) a geologica

9、l sample can (be estimated) from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioaetive carbon (present) in the object (is examined). （ A） The age of （ B） be estimated （ C） present （ D） is examined 15 Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height). （ A） in size （ B） f

10、rom small rock barriers to （ C） many feet （ D） height 16 Geologists (at) the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (rely on) (a number of) instruments to (studying) the volcanoes in Hawaii. （ A） at （ B） rely on （ C） a number of （ D） studying 17 (As) secretary of transportation, he worked to help the (bankrup

11、t railroads) in the northeastern (United States) (solved) their financial problems. （ A） As （ B） bankrupt railroads （ C） United States （ D） solved 18 (After having studied) (so hard) for more than two months, he (felt confidently) of (success). （ A） After having studied （ B） so hard （ C） felt confid

12、ently （ D） success 19 Photographs (printed in) (newspaper) usually have a caption (underneath) to explain what (they are about). （ A） printed in （ B） newspaper （ C） underneath （ D） they are about 20 Overhead railway, (whose) tracks (are elevated out of) the way of surface traffic, (might have been)

13、(one possible solution to) heavy traffic in big cities. （ A） whose （ B） are elevated out of （ C） might have been （ D） one possible solution to 三、 Cloze 20 The suclptural legacy that the new United States【 21】 its colonial predecessors was【 22】 a rich one, and【 23】 in 1776 sculpture as an art form wa

14、s【 24】 in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see【 25】 today in old bruial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furnti

15、ture or architectural decorations,【 26】 carved wooden shop signs and ships figureheads.【 27】 they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group【 28】 from what we normally【 29】 as “scu

16、lptors“【 30】 the word. （ A） inherited from （ B） inherited to （ C） adapted to （ D） adopted to （ A） nearly （ B） far from （ C） rarely （ D） so much （ A） in fact （ B） however （ C） since （ D） consequently （ A） still （ B） not （ C） no more （ D） ever （ A） stood （ B） being stood （ C） standing （ D） being stand

17、ing （ A） however others （ B） while the others （ C） while others （ D） however the others （ A） But （ B） Although （ C） Since （ D） For （ A） distincted （ B） distincting （ C） being distinct （ D） distinct （ A） thought of （ B） thought （ C） think of （ D） think （ A） as todays usage of （ B） in todays usage of

18、（ C） as todays use of （ D） in todays use of 30 【 31】 , optical illusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case【 32】 . It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads【 33】 nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons【 34】 the roads make drivers think that they ar

19、e driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to【 35】 Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads mound the count

20、ry to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role【 36】 one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation.【 37】 those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are【 38】 - curves, exit slopes, tra

21、ffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially【 39】 the average speed of drivers in half【 40】 , traffic often returns to full speed within, months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bar. （ A） Believing it or not to （ B） Bel

22、ieve it or not to （ C） Believing it or not （ D） Believe it or not （ A） in point （ B） to point （ C） by point （ D） on point （ A） by （ B） to （ C） at （ D） over （ A） painted on （ B） being painted on （ C） painted in （ D） being painted in （ A） remake （ B） reproduce （ C） imitate （ D） repeat （ A） in so much

23、as （ B） in as much as （ C） to as much as （ D） to so much as （ A） Helping to reduce （ B） To help reduce （ C） Helping reducing （ D） To help reducing （ A） the greatest （ B） the greater （ C） the better （ D） the best （ A） cut （ B） increase （ C） produce （ D） press （ A） Therefore （ B） However （ C） Conseque

24、ntly （ D） As a result 四、 Reading Comprehension 40 As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embrac

25、ed by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism“ over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of sta

26、bility to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans private byes. Europes new economic climate has largely fosterd the trend toward independence, the current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy

27、 to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamental

28、ly independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twentysometing professionals or widowed senior citizens, while pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of s

29、ingles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young peo

30、ple want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pirnpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely becanse he has too much work. “I have deadlines wh

31、ich would make life with someone else fairly difficult. Only an Iddeal Woman would make him change his lifestyle,“ he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming“, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expext morn and more of mates, so relati

32、onships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbarthes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise

33、 a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.“ 41 More and more young Europeans remain single because _. （ A） they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age （ B） they are pessimistic about their economic future （ C） they have embraced a business cultur

34、e of stability （ D） they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism 42 What is said about Europan society in the passage? （ A） It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. （ B） It has limited consumers choice despite a free market. （ C） It is being threatened by irresistible privatiz

35、ation. （ D） It has fostered the trend towards small families. 43 According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are _. （ A） negative and gloomy （ B） on either side of marriage （ C） healthy and wealthy （ D） warm and lighthearted 44 The author quotes Eppendorf to show that _. （ A） some modern w

36、omen prefer a life of individual freedom （ B） most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable （ C） some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely （ D） the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day, Europe 45 What is the authors purpose in writing the

37、 passage? （ A） To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. （ B） To examine the trend of young people living alone. （ C） To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. （ D） To review the impact of women becoming high earners. 45 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out,

38、 and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbin

39、g pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its Way,

40、an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant con

41、tribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are,

42、and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor

43、even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant beanswered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think u

44、p, ever and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention. 46 According to the author, really good science _. （ A） would surprise the brigh

45、test minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （ B） will produce results which cannot be foreseen （ C） will help people to make the right choice in advance （ D） will bring about disturbing results 47 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century _. （ A） thought that they knew

46、 a great deal and could solve most problems of science （ B） were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research （ C） knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature （ D） did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature 48 Which of the following stateme

47、nts is NOT true of scientists in earlier times? （ A） They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand. （ B） They falsely claimed to know all about nature. （ C） They did not believe in results from scientific observation. （ D） They paid little attention to the problems they didnt

48、understand. 49 What is the authors attitude towards science? （ A） He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists. （ B） He is doubtful because of enormous difficulties confronting it. （ C） He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it. （ D） He is delighted bec

49、ause of the illuminating scientific findings. 50 The author believes that _. （ A） man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up （ B） man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect （ C） sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them （ D） questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research 50 A long and painful struggle with cancer a