[外语类试卷]2008年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2008年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Until the constitution is _, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president. （ A） corrected （ B） amended （ C） remedied （ D） revised 2 Several experts have been called in to_plan for boating, tennis, refreshments and childrens game

2、in the projected town park. （ A） equipment （ B） instruments （ C） implement （ D） facilities 3 You can try _ with the landlord for more time to play the money. （ A） pleading （ B） requesting （ C） demanding （ D） dealing 4 His sprained ankle _ his chances of winning the tournament. （ A） damaged （ B） brok

3、e （ C） ruined （ D） demolished 5 When he realized he had been _. to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement. （ A） elicited （ B） excited （ C） deduced （ D） induced 6 While attempting to look into the case,_ （ A） he found it was difficult （ B） the

4、case was difficult （ C） it happened that the case is difficult （ D） difficult as the case 7 _you cannot pick me up at the airport, please call me immediately. （ A） In order that （ B） In the event that （ C） If only （ D） Unless 8 It is impossible that the brain,_, will be replaced by computer （ A） as

5、we know （ B） which we know （ C） we know that （ D） we know 9 Its more difficult to solve a problem than_ （ A） a question is found （ B） finding a question （ C） that of finding a question （ D） to find a question 10 _ in doing an examination, the time passed by quickly. （ A） Being absorbed （ B） Having b

6、een absorbed （ C） When they were absorbed （ D） Be absorbed 11 It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that are the main focus of social psychology. （ A） between （ B） rather than （ C） are （ D） of 12 Although we had been present at roughly the same time,

7、 Mr. Brown say the situation quite different from the way I saw it. （ A） Although （ B） at （ C） different （ D） the way 13 Should John resign and Henry succeed him, we would have had a more vigorous leadership. （ A） Should （ B） succeed （ C） would have had （ D） more 14 Historically, no artiste have pre

8、sented clearer or the more complete records of the-development of human culture than sculptors have （ A） have presented （ B） the more （ C） records （ D） have 15 Although the police are given considerable authority by society to enforce its laws, they get a relatively low salary as compared with that

9、of other occupational groups which have much fewer authority. （ A） are （ B） its （ C） that （ D） fewer 16 Thirteen hundred medical professionals, all of which have been trained to treat drug dependency, attended the annual convention sponsored by a society （ A） Thirteen hundred （ B） all of which （ C）

10、attended （ D） sponsored 17 More than three years after moving from Australia to this remote point of England, we are still learning how things have done here. （ A） More than （ B） remote （ C） still （ D） have done 18 There is few evidence that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages an

11、y better than adults in similar classroom situations. （ A） few evidence （ B） in language classrooms （ C） any better （ D） classroom situations 19 When he speaks at banquets, he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake hands with every waiter and waitress. （ A） at （ B） makes （ C） to shake

12、（ D） hands 20 Other guests at yesterdays opening, which was broadcast alive by the radio station, included the princess and her husband. （ A） at （ B） which （ C） alive （ D） included 二、 Cloze 20 Science writers must 21 information regarding scientific events. In this capacity, they make the informatio

13、n clearer and more understandable and help readers to coordinate fresh information 22 the knowledge they already have 23 they can relate it to personal circumstances. Science journalism also means making readers curious and entertaining them. Entertainment is the most successful didactic form. Journ

14、alists supply readers 24 material for further education and opinion-formation, because, in a society 25 terms like growth, market economy and full employment are filled with new meanings and basic technical innovations such as microelectronics and genetic engineering effect social changes, continuin

15、g education is a political necessity. The science journalist also makes 26 to the reader fields of knowledge hitherto 27 to him, conveys the fascination of science and 28 readers to follow discussions and controversies between experts. Do the popular science publications accomplish all this? If one

16、analyzes the science magazines 29 to, one comes to the conclusion that science journalism has reached a high degree of maturity and finds the necessary reader 30 （ A） elect （ B） filter （ C） choose （ D） select （ A） to （ B） for （ C） with （ D） by （ A） so that （ B） in order that （ C） in the fact that （

17、D） on condition that （ A） for （ B） with （ C） on （ D） about （ A） on which （ B） by which （ C） in which （ D） of which （ A） access （ B） accessible （ C） accessor （ D） accessory （ A） know （ B） known （ C） unknowns （ D） unknown （ A） makes （ B） helps （ C） enables （ D） unable （ A） let （ B） referred （ C） relat

18、ed （ D） concerned （ A） acceptance （ B） to accept （ C） acceptable （ D） acceptant 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on par with other resources such as labo

19、r, material, and capital. This view stems from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness of many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solvin

20、g has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labor force of the United States, givin

21、g rise to the so-called information society. As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and

22、 human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the following (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically a

23、nd semantically. The second perception of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies - the information service sector. Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its in

24、dividual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U.S. information service sector had grown to about $25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the countrys computer market, which in turn re

25、presented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. However, the probable convergence of computers and television (which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers) and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure

26、 the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of the 21 st century. 31 The first paragraph is mainly about _ （ A） the remarkable rise in information-processing activities （ B） a sharp increase in information-intensive activities （ C） information as an economic resource （

27、 D） the birth of information society 32 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of information? （ A） Information can be condensed. （ B） Information can be consumed through use. （ C） Information can be shared by many people. （ D） Information can be delivered at very high spee 33 The characteri

28、stics of information are_those of those economic resources. （ A） same with （ B） different from （ C） contrary to （ D） opposite to 34 According to this passage, the market share of_ （ A） the U.S. information service was equivalent to 40 percent of the global market share （ B） the U.S. information serv

29、ice sector was about one-seventh of the global market share （ C） computers in the United States had reached about $3.5 billion by 1992 （ D） computers in the United States is much smaller than that of television 35 Which would be the most appropriate title for the passage? （ A） Information Society （

30、B） Characteristics of Information （ C） Two Major Utilitarian Connotations （ D） Information as a Resource and Commodity 35 Pity those who aspire to put the initials Ph.D after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to

31、 write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three. By then, most new doctors are sick to deat

32、h of the narrowly defined subject, which has blighted their holidays and mined their evenings. The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates

33、: until recently, only about 25% of Ph.D candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRCS response has been to stop Ph.D grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feel

34、s vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics - including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School. Predicta

35、bly, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polyte

36、chnics with as few as two Ph.D candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. The

37、 ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if Ph.D students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its gr

38、ants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. The ESRC cannot dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it

39、 can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too. 36 By the time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time_ （ A） their holidays and evening

40、s have been mined by their jobs （ B） most of them are completely tired of their research subject （ C） most of them have got some fatal diseases （ D） most of their grants are running out 37 Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive Ph.D grants from_ （ A） 25% （ B） 39%

41、（ C） 55% （ D） 10% 38 Which is not argument against ESRCs policy? （ A） All the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negative, which will inevitably result in howls of protests （ B） Faster completion rates may result from lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics rather than efficie

42、ncy （ C） It takes some good students longer to finish their theses because they go more quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills. （ D） Polytechnics students performances vary unpredictably and penalty based on these completion rates is not justifie 39 The ESRC would prefer_ （ A）

43、that Ph.D students were less modest in their aims （ B） that more students were carrying out knowledge-based studies （ C） more systematic teaching of research skills （ D） higher standards of Ph.D students theses and more ambitious doctoral topics 40 What the ESRC can do is to_ （ A） force departments

44、to give graduates more teaching time （ B） try to persuade universities to change their ways （ C） dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners （ D） notify students they want less elaborate style of thesis 40 Practically speaking, the artiste maturing of the cinema was the single-hand

45、ed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875 1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared onstage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Gr

46、iffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting a

47、nd extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot

48、 to camera shot. Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative-editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that

49、 the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration, as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffi