（江苏专用）2020版高考英语新增分大一轮复习语法专题全辑专题三非谓语动词讲义牛津译林版.doc

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1、1专题三 非谓语动词非谓语动词的核心考点1.动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth. ”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。My job is to teach English.(说明内容)beto do sth. (表示按计划要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arr

2、ange，determine，desire 等。下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss 等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加 to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to

3、 do sth. 主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb. to be/to 2have done主语call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. (4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only 等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is

4、 no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do 表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to 用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do 作结果状语。The girl was so k

5、ind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported 等动词常用于上面句型

6、。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed 后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成时。(B)was/were to不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(

7、C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。3同一结构并列由 and 或 or 连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有 do 时，后面

8、的 to 省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词 do 时，but，except，besides，such as 等后面的 to 可省略。即“前有 do，后省 to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有 rather than，rather than 后省 to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but 等词后省 to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不

9、定式再次出现时，to 后的内容常承前省略(只保留 to 即可)。常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词 have 或 be 的任何形式，后应该保留原形have 或 be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.题组训练 1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Its important for the figures to be updated(up

10、date) regularly.2.Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face.3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4.The difference in thickness and w

11、eight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold).5.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.6.Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.47.More TV programs，according to government offic

12、ials，will be produced to raise(raise) peoples concern over food safety.8.The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2.动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，per

13、mit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at 等的介词后接动名词。注意 on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时 on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arriva

14、l at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句 解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying (to lie)on my back.4.I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5.I dont

15、 prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时时，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try，mean例句 解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgot giving it to you 1.remember to do sth. 记住要做的事remember doing sth. 回顾过去发生的事2.fo

16、rget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事5yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on

17、Monday.3.regret to do sth. 对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth. 对发生过的事后悔4.try to do sth. 设法，试图做某事try doing sth. 试试看，试一试5.mean to do sth. 打算做，想要做mean doing sth. 意味着want，require，need例句 解析1.These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.2.The patient required examining.The patient required to be exami

18、ned.表达意思一样，但用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动形式(表被动意义)。题组训练 2用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Its no use complaining(complain) without taking action.2.Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old.3.Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.4.She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.5.

19、Marys coming(come) late made her mother angry.3.现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语(分词前面可加 when，while 等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.6原因状语Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴随状语The girls came in

20、，following their parents.结果状语The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式 having done。语态性。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成” 。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(2)现在分词作表语。主语be v.-ed 表示被动，主语是人；主语be v.-ing 表示主动，主语是物。4.过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语

21、从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。(1)作原因状语Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作时间状语Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from t

22、he hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作条件状语Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴随状语The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它

23、也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.题组训练 37用所给动词的正确形式填空1.The island，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3.The next thing he saw was smo

24、ke rising(rise) from behind the house.4.Look over theretheres a very long，winding path leading(lead) up to the house.5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.6.Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7.Gathering(gather) around

25、the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8.More highways have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9.The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10.Lucy has a great sense o

26、f humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江苏，26)A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案 D解析 句意为：在这段时期创造了大约 13 500 个新工作，超过了市场分析师认为的 12 000个的预期

27、数量。were created 是谓语，因此 exceed 只能用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语。A项 having exceeded 表示 exceed 的动作发生在 were created 之前，不符合语境；B 项 to exceed 不能作伴随状语；C 项 exceeded 表示主语与 exceed 之间为被动关系，也不符合语境。故选 D。2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3)A.Travel B.TravelingC.Having traveled D.Traveled

28、答案 B8解析 选项中只有 B 项能作句子的主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。C 项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，用作本句的主语自然不符合语法逻辑。句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018北京，6)A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared答案 B解析 此处需要

29、用不定式表示 gather together 的目的。句意为：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚到一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京，10)A.used B.to useC.using D.use答案 A解析 因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与 use 之间是被动关系，因此应该选 A 项，即过去分词作状语，used correctly 相当于 if it is used correctly 这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使

30、用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .(2018天津，7)A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.take答案 B解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查 have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做” 。my photograph 与 take 之间是被动关系，故需用 take 的过去分词形式。6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that

31、I couldnt help it.(2018天津，12)A.to eat；to try B.eating；tryingC.eating；to try D.to eat；trying答案 D解析 句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean 9to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事。7.Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，ar

32、e facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏，21)A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案 A解析 句意为：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 “ their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语 many Chinese brands 与动词 develop 之间是主动关系，且句中有延续性的时间状语over centuries，这里应该用现在分词的完成式表

33、示主动和延续性的动作，因此选 A。8.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14)A.being allowed B.allowingC.having allowed D.allowed答案 B解析 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选 B 项。9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boardi

34、ng passes online their valuable time.(2017北京，27)A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved答案 C解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。不定式短语 to save their valuable time 在句中作目的状语。10.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30)A.ranging B.rangeC.to ran

35、ge D.ranged 答案 A解析 句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从到(的范围)。a large collection of wildlife 与 range 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。11.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his 10students.(2017北京，32)A.to spend B.spendC.spending D.spent 答案 D解析 句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。the happy

36、 time 与 spend 之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。12.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10)A.having conducted B.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted答案 D解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项 2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中没有连词，所以空处用非谓语动词，且 a study 和

37、conduct 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。13.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.(2016浙江，19)A.working B.workC.to work D.worked答案 A解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的 do 指代前面的 have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心，是固定搭配，故选A。14.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows， ai

38、r conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4)A.making B.to makeC.made D.being made答案 A解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：凉爽的风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，没有必要吹空调了。题中 swept 是谓语动词，所以 make 只能用非谓语动词形式；句子主语 the cooling wind与 make 是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。15. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very 11early.(2015北京，21)A.Cat

39、ching B.CaughtC.To catch D.Catch答案 C解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。这里逻辑主语是 we，用不定式作目的状语，表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。故选 C。16. more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015福建，28)A.Learn B.LearnedC.To learn D.To be learning答案 C解析 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意为

40、：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。逗号后面没有连词，可以判断此处应填非谓语动词，排除 A 项；learn 与其逻辑主语 Jack 之间是主动关系，排除 B 项；此处用动词不定式作目的状语。17.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，18)A.perform B.performingC.to perform D.being performed答案 D解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一

41、回事。题干中含有“hear宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语 it(指代 music)与perform 之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用 being performed 作宾语补足语。18.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，5)A.having developed B.to developC.developed D.develop答案 C解析 考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，develop 与宾语products 为动宾关系，故使

42、用过去分词作宾补。句意为：经理很满意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，许多新产品被开发出来。19.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone 12are important in staying .(2014福建，30)A.connected B.connectingC.to connect D.to be connected答案 A解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是 stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作

43、表语。connected 可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的” ，符合句意。20.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南，21)A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied答案 D解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children 和 accompany 之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词 accompanied。此处是状语从句的省略。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中

44、含有 be 动词时，可将从句中的主语和 be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是 when they are accompanied by their parents。1.The Lifelong Learning Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.(2018苏锡常镇一调，23)A.having been designed B.being designedC.designed D.designing答案 C解析 句意为：这个旨在帮助人们参与到学习中

45、的终身学习计划已经在全欧洲取得重大成功。design 与主语是动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故选 C。2.I find singing Karaoke ，for it takes my mind off my work for a while.A.being relaxed B.to relaxC.relaxed D.relaxing答案 D解析 句意为：我觉得唱卡拉 OK 令人放松，因为它让我暂时不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing 是 find 的复合结构，relaxing 是宾语补足语，修饰事物，意为“令人放松的，使人懒洋洋的” 。3.An ap

46、p that rewards students for time away from their phones is being released in the UK.13(2018苏锡常镇四市二调，25)A.spending B.spentC.to spend D.spend答案 B解析 句意为：在英国一种能奖励学生不把时间花在手机上的应用软件正在被推出。time与 spend 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词 spent 作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is spent away from their phones，故选 B 项。4.The water was now two f

47、eet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible， the car out.(2017南京九中模拟，22)A.getting B.got C.to get D.get答案 C解析 句意为：水现在有两英尺深，即使有可能，也很难把汽车弄出来。动词不定式作真正的宾语，it 是形式宾语，difficult 是补足语，故选 C。5.No one can avoid by advertisements.A.influencing B.influencedC.being influenced D.to influence答案 C解析 动词 avoid 后接动名词作

48、宾语，本题属被动语态。故答案为 C。6.Much disappointed as he is in the job interview，he still keeps his confidence.(2018泰州二模，4)A.to have failed B.failedC.having failed D.failing答案 A解析 be disappointed to do sth. 对感到失望；由“he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)”可知此处强调这件事带来的结果对后面产生了影响，因此用现在完成时态。句意为：尽管他面试失败很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故选

49、 A。7. regular training in nursing， she could hardly cope with the work at first.(2018泰 州 二 模 ， 10)A.Not received B.Since receivingC.Having not received D.Not having received答案 D14解析 句中 receive 和主语 she 是主谓关系，用现在分词形式。且 receive 发生在主句谓语动词之前，用 having received，其否定式是在前面加 not。句意为：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。故选 D。8.With so many orphans ，the charity organization calls for more don