[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编96及答案与解析.doc

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1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 96 及答案与解析英译汉1 When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.Evolution is mo

2、stly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies.Thanks to rising agricultural prod

3、uctivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians(马尔萨斯主义者) , who used to draw graphs proving that the world Was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that

4、 he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas.As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas th

5、an with the four horses of apocalypse (启示录) , but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world s biggest public-health issue todaythe main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implic

6、ated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.With public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off toba

7、cco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health

8、 problems caused by half a century s dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds, that s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them. (396 words)2 The general use of speech is to transfer our mental disco

9、urse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new labor, may again be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So

10、that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what they desire, fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use the

11、y are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is acquiring of arts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we h

12、ave attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing with our words, for pleasure or ornament, innocently.3 Athens and Sparta

13、 were both Greek cities and their people spoke a common language. In every other respect they were different. Athens rose high from the plain. It was a city exposed to the fresh breezes from the sea, willing to look at the world with the eyes of a happy child. Sparta, on the other hand, was built at

14、 the bottom of a deep valley, and used the surrounding mountains as a barrier against foreign thought. Athens was a city of busy trade. Sparta was an armed camp where people were soldiers for the sake of being soldiers. The people of Athens loved to sit in the sun and discuss poetry or listen to the

15、 wise words of a philosopher. The Spartans, on the other hand, never wrote a single line that was considered literature, but they knew how to fight, they liked to fight, and they sacrificed all human emotions to their ideal of military preparedness.No wonder that these somber Spartans viewed the suc

16、cess of Athens with malicious hate. The energy which the defense of the common home had developed in Athens was now used for purposes of a more peaceful nature. The Acropolis was rebuilt and was made into a marble shrine to the Goddess Athena. Pericles, the leader of the Athenian democracy, sent far

17、 and wide to find famous sculptors and painters and scientists to make the city more beautiful and the young Athenians more worthy of their home. At the same time he kept a watchful eye on Sparta and built high walls which connected Athens with the sea and made her the strongest fortress of that day

18、.An insignificant quarrel between two little Greek cities led to the final conflict. For thirty years the war between Athens and Sparta continued. It ended in a terrible disaster for Athens.During the third year of the war the plague had entered the city. More than half of the people and Pericles, t

19、he great leader, had been killed. The plague was followed by a period of bad and untrustworthy leadership. A brilliant young fellow by the name of Alcibiades had gained the favor of the popular assembly. He suggested a raid upon the Spartan colony of Syracuse in Sicily. An expedition was equipped an

20、d everything was ready.4 Fanny, having been sent into the village on some errand by her aunt Norris, was overtaken by a heavy shower close to the Parsonage; and being descried from one of the windows endeavoring to find shelter under the branches and lingering leaves of an oak just beyond their prem

21、ises, was forced, though not without some modest reluctance on her part, to come in. A civil servant she had withstood; but when Dr. Grant himself went out with an umbrella, there was nothing to be done but to be very much ashamed, and to get into the house as fast as possible; and to poor Miss Craw

22、ford, who had just been contemplating the dismal rain in a very desponding state of mind, sighing over the ruin of all her plan of exercise for that morning, and of every chance of seeing a single creature beyond themselves for the next twenty-four hours, the sound of a little bustle at the front do

23、or, and the sight of Miss Price dripping with wet in the vestibule, was delightful. The value of an event on a wet day in the country was most forcibly brought before her. She was all alive again directly, and a-mong the most active in being useful to Fanny, in detecting her to be wetter than she wo

24、uld at first allow, and providing her with dry clothes; and Fanny, after being obliged to submit to all this attention , and to being assisted and waited on by mistresses and maids, being also obliged, on returning downstairs, to be fixed in their drawing-room for an hour while the rain continued, t

25、he blessing of something fresh to see and think of was thus extended to Miss Crawford, and might carry on her spirits to the period of dressing and dinner.5 Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and fro in his hammock one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy t

26、o go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him indolent, and he had shirked his studies, tried Mr. Brookes patience to the utmost, displeased his grandfather by practic

27、ing half the afternoon, frightened the maidservants half out of their wits by mischievously hinting that one of his dogs was going mad, and, after high words with the stableman about some fancied neglect of his horse, he had flung himself into his hammock to fume over the stupidity of the world in g

28、eneral, till the peace of the lovely day quieted him in spite of himself. Staring up into the green gloom of the horse-chestnut trees above him, he dreamed dreams of all sorts, and was just imagining himself tossing on the ocean in a voyage round the world, when the sound of voices brought him ashor

29、e in a flash. Peeping through the meshes of the hammock, he saw the Marches coming out, as if bound on some expedition. “What in the world are those girls about now?“ thought Laurie, opening his sleepy eyes to take a good look, for there was something rather peculiar in the appearance of his neighbo

30、rs.英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 96 答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 当世界还是个简陋之地时，富人胖，穷人瘦，有识之士担忧的是如何喂饱穷人的问题。如今，在世界的多数地方，富人瘦，穷人胖，有识之士担忧的是肥胖问题。这主要得归咎于进化。它设计出的人类只能应付贫乏，而不能应对富足。人们已完全适应在好年头储备能量以对付不景气的日子。然而，当坏日子永不来临时，他们受累于储藏在日益膨胀的肚子周围的能量。由于农业增产，全球不景气的日子更加罕见了。那些曾绘制图表证明世界不久将面临食物匮乏的现代马尔萨斯人口论的信徒们近来已有些沉默。人类已经赢得了最大的战斗：确保自己以及子孙后代过上温饱的生活这是人类在地球

31、上生存的大部分时间里进行的最大的战斗。然而，每一线光明中都有黑暗，繁荣的结果是一场新的灾难，随之而经来的是一连串有趣的政策上的尴尬。作为现代社会的一种祸害，肥胖症有一个形象问题。人们往往更容易联想到圣诞老人，而不会联想到启示录中导致世界末日的那四匹马。但是肥胖理应是与那四匹马并驾齐驱的另一匹马，因为它属于当今世界最大的公共卫生话题。肥胖是心脏病的主要原因如今心脏病已经比艾滋病、疟疾和战争导致更多的人死亡；肥胖是糖尿病的主要危险因素；与癌症和其他疾病也密切相关。自从世界卫生组织于2000 年将肥胖症列为“ 流行病 ”以来，有关肥胖导致一些可怕后果的报道大量涌现。正如说服人们停止抽烟那样，有关公共

32、卫生的一些警告和来自媒体的压力，是否能说服人们减肥呢? 可能的。在富有的国家，健康食品的销售量大增，同时新的数据显示在过去的一年里美国人在有史记载以来首次减了一点点肥。不过，即使美国人减少几个盎司，美国也得花许多年的时间来解决因半个世纪过度饮食而导致的健康问题。另外，在世界上的其他地方，人们的体重还在增加。这就是为什么如今医生们一致认为政府应该采取措施阻止人们继续发胖。2 【正确答案】 语言的一般作用是把我们的精神话语转换成口头言语，或者是把我们一连串的思想转换成一连串的话语，其主要用处有两个。第一，记录我们思想的成果。我们的思想容易从记忆中溜走而使我们不得不重新来过。而通过标记性的语言，我们

33、就可能重新想起。因此名字的第一个用处是为记忆做标记或者笔记。第二，当许多记忆通过它们之间的联系或者顺序用相同的语言表示时，语言就可以让人想起其所表达的每件事情，还有其所渴望的、害怕的或者有其他感情的事物。这种用处称为符号。语言的特殊作用如下：第一，记录通过思考找到的过去或者现在的任何事物的原因及可能产生的结果或者效果。总而言之就是习得的艺术。第二，给其他人展示我们所获得的知识，也就是互相咨询或者教导。第三，告诉别人如果互相帮助我们所存有的意愿和目的。第四，为了快乐或者措辞优美而无恶意地使用文字游戏娱乐自己及他人。3 【正确答案】 雅典和斯巴达同属希腊城邦，它们的人民讲同一种语言，但在其他方面，

34、两个城市则毫无共同点。雅典高高地矗立在平原之上，享受着徐徐而来的清新海风。雅典的人民习惯用孩子般热切好奇的目光，打量这个惬意的世界；而斯巴达则坐落在峡谷的底部，高耸的群山环绕四周，成为阻挡外来思想的天然屏障。雅典是生意繁忙的贸易之邦；斯巴达却是一座大兵营，人人厉兵秣马，公民的理想都是成为一名优秀的士兵。雅典人喜欢坐在温暖和煦的阳光下，谈论诗歌或聆听哲人智慧的言辞；斯巴达人正好相反，他们从不写下任何一行与文学有关的东西，却熟谙战斗的技巧。事实上，他们喜欢战斗，为了军事理想，他们宁愿牺牲人类的所有情感。难怪这些严肃的斯巴达人会对雅典的成功报以满腔的恶意与仇恨。雅典人将保卫共同家园所焕发的精力，现在

35、用于和平建设的目标。他们重建了雅典卫城，将其作为祭祀雅典女神的大理石神殿。雅典民主制度的伟大领袖伯里克利派人四处邀请著名的雕塑家、画家和科学家，请他们到雅典工作，让雅典变得更美好，让雅典的年轻一代更有才德，更配得上他们的家乡。与此同时，伯里克利还时刻警惕着斯巴达的动向，他修筑了连接雅典与海洋的高大城池，使雅典成为当时防卫最坚固的堡垒。一件小小的争执引发了两个希腊城邦间的冲突。双方兵戎相见、刀戈相向，战火一直持续了 30 年。最终以雅典遭受灾难性的失败而告终。在战争发生的第三年，一场可怕的瘟疫突袭了雅典。雅典的半数人口死于这场灾难。更为可悲的是，他们英明睿智的领袖伯里克利也被瘟疫夺去生命。瘟疫过

36、后的一段时期里，雅典的领导者无能且不可靠，后来一位名叫阿尔西比阿德的年轻人大有作为，赢得了公民大会的支持。他建议对西西里岛上的斯巴达殖民地锡拉库扎进行一次远征。这一计划在阿尔西比阿德的指挥下有条不紊地进行着，一切就绪。4 【正确答案】 原来，范妮受诺里斯姨妈差遣，到村子里办件什么事，在牧师住宅附近遇上了一阵大雨。牧师住宅里的人从窗子里看见她在他们院外凋零的栎树下避雨，便邀她进去，她是推却不过勉强从命的。她先是谢绝了一个仆人的好心邀请，可是等格兰特博士亲自拿了把伞走出来，她又觉得很不好意思，便赶快进去了。可怜的克劳福德小姐正心情沮丧地望着窗外的凄风苦雨，哀叹上午的户外活动计划化做了泡影，二十四小

37、时内除了自家人以外再也见不到另一个人，这时听到了前门口有动静，随即看到普莱斯小姐浑身滴着水走进了门廊，心里不禁十分高兴。她深深地感受到，乡下阴雨天能来个客人实在难得。她顿时又活跃起来，满腔热忱地关心范妮，说她发现范妮的衣服都湿透了，便给她拿出了干衣服。范妮起初不肯承认自己衣服湿，后来只好接受这番关照，任凭太太小姐和女仆们帮助自己更换衣衫。后来又不得不回到楼下，眼见着雨下个不停，不得不在客厅里坐了一个小时。这一新鲜场面真令人赏心悦目，克劳福德小姐的兴致足以维持到更衣吃饭时间。5 【正确答案】 一个热烘烘的九月下午，劳里舒舒服服地躺在吊床上摇来晃去，很想知道邻居姐妹们在干什么却又懒得去弄清楚。他正

38、在闹情绪，因为这天过得既无意义又不舒心，他很想从头再来一次。炎热的天气使他懒洋洋的，他书也不读了，惹得布鲁克先生忍无可忍；又花了半个下午弹琴，弄得爷爷很不高兴；还恶作剧地暗示他的一只狗要发疯，把女佣们吓得几乎神经错乱，接着又毫无根据地指责马夫疏忽了他的马儿，和马夫吵了一架，之后便跳上吊床，怒火中烧，认定世人全都愚不可及。夏日明媚，四处静悄悄一片，他不知不觉安静了下来。盯着头上绿森森的七叶树，他做起了形形色色的白日梦。正想象着自己在海洋上颠簸作环球航行，突然一阵声音传来，转瞬间便把他带回到岸上。透过吊床的网孔一望，他看到马奇姐妹走出来，好像要去进行什么探险似的。“这个时候那些姑娘们到底要去干什么?”劳里想，一面睁开睡意惺忪的双眼看个究竟，因为他的邻居们打扮相当古怪。