[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷91及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 91 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 All nations agree that cooperative efforts are needed to share in research to study and predict earthquakes. In July 1956 the first World Conference on E
2、arthquake Engineering was held in Tokyo. Although we are a long way from consensus on how far we should go in terms of addressing scientific questions with potential application to earthquake prediction, many point out that low-probability short-term forecasts, while not justifying mass evacuation o
3、f cities, may help maintain a state of preparedness beneficial in earthquake-prone areas.Time-dependent hazard maps already in use in California have led to significant practical benefits in terms of increased investment in aseismatic building construction. However, there is also a potential downsid
4、e to identifying some areas as being at high risk, in the sense that this may lead to unwarranted complacency in areas identified as being at low risk.We remain a long way from proving that any earthquake prediction scheme can succeed better than predictions based on the statistics of earthquakes, b
5、ut this debate has highlighted in the clearest terms possible that when scientists speak of “earthquake prediction“, they do not imply the type of accurate short-term prediction that might allow public evacuations before an individual event. Instead the predictions implied come under the general cat
6、egory of probabilistic forecasts for a population of earthquakes.At depths of several miles inside the earth, the weight of rocks causes great pressure which sometimes causes rocks to break and slip, forming faults(great cracks).When slippage occurs, shock waves are felt and can be detected with sei
7、smographs thousands of miles away, but it is important to note that in the end, it is the collapse of man-made structures that causes most of the death and damage. While we continue to explore the degree of predictability of earthquakes on rigorous observational, statistical and theoretical grounds,
8、 we should therefore not lose sight of the fact that the best way of preparing for the inevitable remains in the development of land use plans, and building and infrastructure design codes to mitigate their worst effects.1 Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the text?(A)The Failed S
9、earch for an Earthquake Prediction System(B) The Merits of Trying to Predict Earthquakes(C) The Debate over Earthquake Prediction Systems(D)The Drawbacks of Earthquake Prediction Systems2 The word “unwarranted“(line 3, para. 2)most probably means “_“.(A)undeserved(B) unnecessary(C) extreme(D)unfair3
10、 The most frequent cause of major earthquakes is_.(A)faulting(B) folding(C) landslides(D)tidal waves4 The seismograph is most useful in_.(A)controlling faults(B) pinpointing the location of shock waves(C) preventing destruction(D)warning of forthcoming earth tremors5 Much of the damage in past earth
11、quakes could have been prevented by_.(A)more frequent use of seismographs(B) better construction of buildings(C) quicker methods of evacuation(D)international cooperation5 Wealthier university presses could afford to diversify more effectively, and supply a variety of books rather than a glut of tho
12、se that just make money. The business of university publishing had entered into dangerous arithmetic. Production grew almost four times faster than the market. The total output of all university presses was 31 million books. After deducting the 5 million books bought by libraries, each and every one
13、 of the million faculty members in academe in the U.S. would need to buy 26 university-press books a year to reach market equilibrium.There remains today a stubborn, widespread fantasy that libraries will buy enough copies of a book to pay for the cost of producing it. True, once upon a time, a univ
14、ersity press could expect to sell about 1,500 copies of a typical monograph, with 800 to 1,000 of those sales to academic libraries. But by 1990, the number for library sales had dropped to 500 or 600. Currently, it is common to hear 200, and not unusual to hear still lower numbers.How did universit
15、y presses move so far into the trade marketplace, ever further than their universities? Library budgets shifted dramatically toward science and technology journals and large expensive databases, so they had less and less money for books. As one market diminished, another had to be found. University
16、administrators came to assume that a university press could pay for books that lose money by publishing books that make money. Academic authors made marketing a more important reason for choosing a press than refereeing, editing, or proofreading.The situation is sad and needs to be addressed in a he
17、althy academic debate about the ethics of commercial publishing.6 When the author says university publishing has entered into dangerous arithmetic(lines 2-3, para. 1)he means_.(A)publishers are losing money(B) publishers have underestimated their problems(C) publishing is not reflecting market deman
18、d(D)publishing is overproducing due to bad estimates of sales7 By saying university presses have moved “so far into the trade marketplace“(line 1, para. 3)the author means to make what point?(A)University presses are now selling in private outlets rather than the library.(B) University presses are u
19、sing profit criteria in their decisions.(C) University presses are now making profits even though they are not supposed to.(D)University presses are neglecting their civic and public duty.8 One of the reasons that university presses over-published was_.(A)that they want to compensate money that some
20、 books lose(B) that they didnt estimate their market correctly(C) that the libraries refused to buy them so they were stuck with too many(D)that they felt obligated to service the academic community9 The choice that academic authors make for a publisher often depends on_.(A)quality of publishing(B)
21、proofreading and editing(C) influential donors(D)skill in promoting and selling10 What is the message that the author wants us to get from the text?(A)Academic publishing should not be so money-oriented.(B) University presses must more realistically publish according to its market.(C) Publishers nee
22、d more support from the government to avoid becoming too commercial.(D)University presses must publish based on the public interest.10 A new neuroimaging study provides strong evidence that unusual shyness in children may result from higher activity in the amygdala, a brain structure involved in vig
23、ilance and fear. Using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to examine adults who had been unusually shy in childhood, researchers showed pictures of unfamiliar faces, and those who were once shy displayed much higher activity in the amygdala than people who had been unusually outgoing as children.It has
24、long been hypothesized that extreme shyness, which emerges in infancy and often persists into adulthood, must have some distinctive signature in the developing brain. However, this idea has not been tested directly because it is difficult to conduct brain imaging experiments with very young children
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