ICAO CIRCULAR 287-2000 World of Civil Aviation Corrigendum 5 31 2002《民航世界 勘误表 2002 5 31》.pdf

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1、CKC 287/AT-122 3 1/5/02 CORRIGENDUM (ENGLISH, ARABIC and RUSSIAN) THE WORLD OF CIVIL AVIATION 2000 CORRIGENDUM 1. In Table 3-2 of Chapter 3, under Rank No. 24 Rorne-Fiumicino, please add by hand the figure “6.0” under the column “Average change per annum 2000/199 1 (YO)”. Copyright International Civ

2、il Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without

3、license from IHS-,-,-Published in separate English, Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the international Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and sirbscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders should be sent to one of the following address

4、es, togerher with the appropriate remittance (by bank draft, cheque or money order) in US. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Credit card orders (Amcrican Express, MasterCard and Visa) are accepted at ICAO Headquarters. International Civil Aviation Organization. Att

5、ention: Document Sales Unit 999 University Street. Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 Telephone: +I (5 14) 954-8022; Facsimile: +l (5 14) 954-6769: Sitatex: YULADYA; E-mail: sales-uniticao.int Telephone: +20 (2) 267-4840; Facsimile: +20 (2) 267-4843; Sitatex: CAICAYA Tlphone: +33 (I) 46 41 85 85; Tlco

6、pieur: +33 (i) 46 41 85 00; Sitatex: PAREUYA Telephone: +91 (il) 331-5896; Facsimile: +91 (i 1) 332-2639 Telephone: +81 (3) 3503-2686; Facsimile: +81 (3) 3503-2689 Telephone: +254 (2) 622-395; Facsimile: +254 (2) 226-706; Sitatex: NBOCAYA Masaryk No. 29-3er. piso, Col. Chapultepec Morales, Mxico, D.

7、F., 11570 Telfono: +52 (55) 52 50 32 1 I; Facsimile: +52 (55) 52 03 27 57; Sitatex: MEXCAYA Nigeria. Landover Company, P.O. Box 3165, Ikeja, Lagos Telephone: +234 (I) 4979780; Facsimile: +234 (i) 4979788; Sitatex: LOSLORK Peru. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Sudamrica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100

8、 Telfono: +51 (I) 302260; Facsfmile: +51 (i) 640393; Sitatex: LIMCAYA Russian Federation. Aviaizdat, 48, 1. Franko Street, Moscow 121351 Telephone: +7 (095) 417-0405; Facsimile: +7 (095) 417-0254 Senegal. Directeur rgional de IOACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Bote postale 2356, Dakar Tl

9、phone: +221 8-23-54-52; Tlcopieur: +22 I 8-23-69-26; Sitatex: DKRCAYA Slovakia. Air Traffic Services of the Slovak Republic, Letov prevdzkov sluzby Slovenskej Republiky, State Enterprise, Letisko M.R. Stefgnika, 823 07 Bratislava 21, Slovak Republic Telephone: +421 (7) 4857 11 Il; Facsimile: +421 (7

10、) 4857 2105 Telephone: +27 (II) 315-0003/4; Facsimile: +27 (1 I) 805-3649: E-mail: Planta Tercera, Despacho 3. 1 I, 28027 Madrid Telfono: +34 (91) 321-3148; Facsimile: +34 (91) 321-3157; Correo electrnico: sscc.ventasoaciaena.es Thailand. ICAO Regional Director, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 11

11、, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangkok 10901 Telephone: +66 (2) 537-8189; Facsimile: +66 (2) 537-8199; Sitatex: BKKCAYA United Kingdom. Airplan Flight Equipment Ltd. (AFE). la Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH Telephone: +44 161 499 0023; Facsimile: +44 161 499 0298; E-mail: ; World Wi

12、de Web: http:/ Egypt. ICA0 Regional Director, Middle East Office. Egyptian Civil Aviation Complex, Cairo Airport Road, Heliopolis, Cairo I 1776 France. Directeur rgional de IOACI, Bureau Europe et Atlantique Nord, 3 bis, villa mile-Bergerat, 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine (Cedex) India. Oxford Book and Sta

13、tionery Co Scindia House, New Delhi I10001 or 17 Park Street, Calcutta 700016 Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15- 12. 1 -chorne, Toranomon, Minato-Ku. Tokyo Kenya. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Accommodation, P.O. Box 46294. Nairobi Mex

14、ico. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Norteamrica, Centroamrica y Caribe, South Africa. Avex Air Training (Piy) Ltd., Private Bag X102. Halfway House, 1685, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa Spain. A.E.N.A. - Aeropuertos Espaoles y Navegaci6n Area, Calle Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 14. 1/02

15、 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available fre

16、e from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-H IG H LIGHTS DURING 2000 . The world economy strengthened . . . . as did airline trafic

17、. The worlds Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by an estimated 4.4 per cent in real terms. On a regional basis the change in GDP ranged from an estimated increase of some 6.4 per cent for the Middle East to about 3.5 per cent for Europe (Chapters 1 and 5). Overall scheduled passenger/freight/mail to

18、nne-kilometres performed was up by over 8 per cent. There were significant differences in the traffic growth between regions, ranging from 11 per cent for carriers based in the Middle East to 5.7 per cent for those in Latin America and the Caribbean in terms of passenger-kilometres performed (Chapte

19、rs 2 and 6). . but airline operating profits softened further . Preliminary estimates indicate that the worlds scheduled airlines as a whole experienced an operating profit - 3.3 per cent of operating revenues compared with 4 per cent in 1999 - for the eighth year in succession (Chapter 2). . . . al

20、though aircraft orders increased markedly. The number of turbo-jet aircraft ordered was 1 553 compared to 987 in 1999. The financial commitment for orders placed for these aircraft with the major aircraft manufacturers is estimated to be about U.S.$SO billion (Chapter 2). Liberalization was ongoing

21、through bilateral agreements and regional developments . A significant number of bilateral agreements concluded or amended between States contained liberalization measures. Regional organizations in Africa, AsiaPacific and Latin America considered or agreed to gradual liberalization of intra-regiona

22、l air services (Chapter 2). Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. and a review of the Annex on Air Transport of the GATS commenced. Privatization of airlines cont

23、inued and airline alliances expanded. More autonomy was given to infrastructure providers . . , . and airport construction continued. Implementation of CNSIATM systems components continued to yield early benefits. The Council for Trade in Services of the World Trade Organization started to review th

24、e operation of the Annex on Air Transport with a view to considering the possible further application of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) to the sector (Chapter 2). Privatization aims were achieved during the year for six airlines, privatization objectives were made known for anothe

25、r four airlines and preparations for privatization continued for some 30 carriers. Airlines continued to expand transnational alliances, with most agreements including code sharing as a collaborative element (Chapter 2). The year witnessed further activity at the government level towards establishin

26、g autonomous entities to operate airports or provide air navigation services, with growing emphasis being placed on active private participation in airport operations, management and finances. A new trend towards airport cooperating strategies or alliances was confirmed (Chapter 3). Europe, Asia, No

27、rth America and Africa led the way in new airport projects completed, under construction or projected. Major airport expansion projects were underway in all regions (Chapter 3). Implementation of satellite-based communications, navigation and surveillance/air traffic management (CNWATM) systems led

28、to increasing utilization of airspace for international civil aviation. Air traffic service systems around the world continued to be upgraded as part of the evolution to a seamless global air traffic management system (Chapter 3). Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS u

29、nder license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Safety remained a top priority . . as did security. New solutions to the impact of aircraft noise were high on the agenda . . and work continued on policy options on engine emissions. Preliminary

30、 information on aircraft accidents involving passenger fatalities in scheduled air services shows that there were 18 fatal aircraft accidents in 2000 involving 755 passenger fatalities compared to 21 fatal accidents and 499 passenger fatalities in 1999. The number of passenger fatalities per 100 mil

31、lion passenger-kilometres increased to 0.025 from 0.02 in 1999. By year-end, 131 aviation administrations in ICAO Contracting States had been assessed through the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (Chapter 4). Eleven acts of unlawful interference were officially reported or confirmed b

32、y concerned States in 2000 compared to six in 1999 (Chapter 4). ICAO continued to give high priority to the development of a new noise Standard more stringent than that in Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3, and to exploring worldwide the issue of operation resolutions on Chapter 3 aircraft. ICAO continu

33、ed work on developing policy options to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions from civil aviation. Options include the further development of Annex 16, Volume 11, the development of guidance material on operational measures to reduce emissions, and the potential role of market-based options (Chap

34、ter 4). Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword Introduction 1. This circular, The World of Civil Aviation - 2000, is the ninth in an annual series of public

35、ations covering recent and future developments in civil aviation; the developments for the previous period 1999-2002 were published in Circular 279. In the present circular, Part I reviews the main events in or affecting international civil aviation in 2000; Part I1 analyses trends in the world econ

36、omy and the air transport industry; and Part111 reviews, on a region-by-region basis, the year 2000. Unlike previous editions of The Wo Airclaims Ltd.; the Airports Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking

37、permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD (U Council International (ACI); the Association of European Airlines (AEA); Avmark Inc; the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC); the International Air Transport Association (UTA); the International Monetary Fund (IMF); the Organisation for Econom

38、ic Co-operation and Development (OECD); the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); the United States Department of Transportation (DOT); the World Bank; the World Tourism Organization (OMT-WO); the World Trade Organization (WTO); and the WEFA Group (formerly known as Wharton Ec

39、onometrics Forecasting Associates). E. imTi-L/A7z m m - .- L 150 0 4 E I. 3 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 Year Source: OW - WO. Figure 1-2; Annual change in international tourist arrivals and receipts - World (1990-2000) the world average (9 per cent), whereas East Asia and the Pacific also e

40、xperienced higher increases with China (15.5 per cent) and Hong Kong (15.3 per cent) as favourite destinations. Australia also enjoyed a tourist boom (9.5 per cent) due to the Olympics. The Middle East had its best year ever with tourist arrivals reaching a growth of 20 per cent for the first nine m

41、onths, but the year ended with an overall growth of 10.2 per cent due to unfavourable conditions in the last quarter. Central America recorded a higher than world average growth of 8.8 per cent while the Caribbean experienced growth of 7.1 per cent. Africas international arrivals grew by only 1.5 pe

42、r cent. While some North African countries enjoyed strong growth, tourist arrivals stagnated in South Africa and Zimbabwe. INFLATION, INTEREST RATES AND CURRENCY MARKETS 1.15 Since the early 1980s, consumer prices in industrial countries have increased at steadily declining levels despite sharp fluc

43、tuations in commodity prices, including oil. During 2000, inflation in most industrial countries increased moderately due to high oil prices, resulting in an aggregate rate of 2.3 per cent. In the context of an economic boom, the United States recorded an inflation rate of 3.4 per cent in 2000 compa

44、red to 1.4 per cent in 1999. In contrast, in a climate of low domestic demand, Japans consumers experienced a drop of 0.6 per cent in consumer prices. -32, L -+- ICAO CIRCULAR 287 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction

45、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1.16 Consumer prices in developing countries as a group followed a similar trend to previous years inflation rates and achieved in 2000 an average rate of 6.1 per cent. Large variations prevailed from region to region and among countries within r

46、egional groupings. Developing countries in Asia continued to reduce inflation to low levels as reflected in the regional aggregate rate of 1.9 per cent compared to 2.5 per cent in the previous year. In Africa, inflation has started to show an upward trend in recent years and the regional rate rose s

47、lightly to about 13.5 per cent in 2000. For South America and the Caribbean, the stabilization of inflation at around 8 per cent for the second consecutive year meant a long- awaited success following triple-digit inflation rates into the mid-nineties. Inflation in the Middle East region reached a s

48、lightly lower rate compared with the previous year (20.7 per cent). For the countries in transition from centrally planned to market-based economies, the aggregate inflation rate dropped to 20.1 per cent compared to 43.9 per cent in 1999. Similarly, the Russian Federation also experienced a sharp dr

49、op and showed a 20.8 per cent inflation rate compared to 85.7 per cent in the previous year Central and Eastern European countries (excluding the CIS) saw their inflation rate rise to 12.8 per cent in 2000. 1.17 The nominal long-term interest rates in industrial countries continued the downward trend predominant in the nineties,