ASTM F2376-2006 Standard Practice for Classification Design Manufacture Construction and Operation of Water Slide Systems《水滑道的分类、设计、制造、结构和使用的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2376 06Standard Practice forClassification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, andOperation of Water Slide Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manu-facture, construction, and operation of

3、water slide systems.Water slide systems shall be defined as rides intended for useby riders in bathing attire where the action of the ride involvespossible and purposeful immersion of the riders body either inwhole or in part in water, and uses circulating water to mobilizeor lubricate the riders tr

4、ansportation along a purpose builtpath. This includes slides used with or without vehicles asdefined below. The terms water slides, waterslides, and slidesshall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.1.2 For the purposes of this practice, a water slide systemincludes:1.2.1 The flume,1.2

5、.2 The water-circulation system,1.2.3 The starting platform with associated means of accessand egress,1.2.4 The structural supports,1.2.5 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part ofthe water slide as defined by the manufacturer, and1.2.6 Means of slide termination.1.3 This practice shall

6、not apply to:1.3.1 Any water slides installed in private residences,1.3.2 Water flume amusement rides where contact withwater is merely incidental (for example, log flume rides,shoot-the-chutes),1.3.3 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteriaare specifically addressed in another ASTM standar

7、d,1.3.4 Lazy river type attractions operating at constant eleva-tion, constructed in the ground, and1.3.5 Pre-existing designs manufactured after the effectivedate of publication of this practice if the design is serviceproven or previously compliant, as defined in Section 3.1.26 ofPractice F 2291,

8、and the manufacturer provides:1.3.5.1 A historical summary of the water slide, or majormodification as defined in Terminology F 747, and1.3.5.2 A statement that the design is service proven orpreviously compliant. Water slides and major modifications towater slides may qualify as previously complian

9、t for five yearsfollowing the date of publication of this practice. Thereafter,water slides and major modifications to water slides mustqualify as service proven or meet the requirements of thispractice.1.3.5.3 Service proven or previously compliant designsshall comply with Section 7.1.4 The values

10、stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-tion only.NOTE 1The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.1.5 This practice includes an Appendix, which providesadditional information to enhan

11、ce the users understanding ofand application of the criteria presented in this practice, forexample, rationale, background, drawings, interpretation, orcommentary. The information in the Appendix shall not beconsidered a mandatory part of this practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address a

12、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 570 Test Method f

13、or Water Absorption of PlasticsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsF 698 Specification for Physical Information to be Providedfor Amusement Rides and DevicesF 747 Term

14、inology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF 770 Practice for Operation Procedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF 846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand Devices1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct respon

15、sibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume

16、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F 853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF 893 Guide for Inspection of Amusem

17、ent Rides and De-vicesF 1193 Practice for Amusement Ride and Device Manufac-turer Quality Assurance Program and Manufacturing Re-quirementsF 1305 Guide for Classification of Amusement Ride andDevice Related Injuries and IllnessesF 2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and De-vices2.2 ACI Stand

18、ard:3ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete2.3 ASCE Standard:4ANSI/ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures2.4 USDA Document:5USDA-72 The Wood Handbook3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 average slopeslide height divided by

19、 the length offlume, expressed in percent, does not include slide entrycomponents or length of run out section.3.1.2 closed flumeflume that encloses the rider in apipe-like cross-section.3.1.3 fall distancevertical distance between the terminusof the slide surface and the water surface of the landin

20、g pool.3.1.4 flow meterdevice used to measure the water flow fora water slide.3.1.5 flumethat part of the water slide that contains therider(s) and defines the path of the water slide within whichsliding takes place.3.1.6 flume riser (splashguard)extension of the sidewallof an open flume to contain

21、riders or water and is capable ofuse as a riding surface.3.1.7 instructional signagesignage displayed in publicview prior to the entrance of the ride with information providedto the rider, which informs them of instructions for proper use,riding position, and expected rider behavior.3.1.8 landing po

22、olpool intended to receive riders from awater slide.3.1.9 landing zonearea in a landing pool intended forreceiving riders from a particular slide.3.1.10 lifeguardindividual specially trained in lifesavingand emergency procedures, responsible for monitoring patronsand responding to aquatic and other

23、emergencies.3.1.11 matflexible sheet usually made of plastic or foam,suitable for use as a vehicle in a water slide flume to carry arider.3.1.12 multiple dispatch slideslide that is designed for theslide attendant to dispatch or allow two or more individualriders or vehicles in the flume at one time

24、.3.1.13 open flumeflume that does not completely encircleor enclose the rider.3.1.14 owner/operatorperson or organization that is re-sponsible for the maintenance and operation of a water slidesystem.3.1.15 riderany person who is in the act of entering theflume, using the flume, or getting off of th

25、e flume.3.1.16 rider oscillationrepeated movement of rider orvehicle, or both, back and forth across the width of a waterslide flume.3.1.17 run-out sectionflume surface of a water slidewhere riders are intended to decelerate or come to a stop, orboth.3.1.18 signdisplay of symbols or language reasona

26、blycalculated to communicate information to riders or theirparents or guardians, including placards, stickers, pictures,pictograms, guidebooks, brochures, video, and visual signals.3.1.19 slide attendantindividual trained in facility andride-specific emergency procedures, slide operating proce-dures

27、, and responsible for dispatching and controlling riderintervals as they enter and exit on water slides and attractions.3.1.20 safety signsignage displayed in public view, priorto the entrance of the water slide, with information provided tothe rider, which includes restrictions, warnings, and instr

28、uc-tions.3.1.21 single dispatch slideslide that is designed for theslide attendant to dispatch or allow only a single rider orvehicle in the flume at one time. The rider or vehicle must cleara specific exit point before the slide attendant dispatches thenext rider or vehicle.3.1.22 slide entry secti

29、onthat part of the water slide whereriders enter the flume from the starting platform.3.1.23 slide exit sectionthat part of the water slide whereriders leave the flume to come to a stop in a landing pool.3.1.24 slide heightdifference in elevation from the center-line of the flume at the slide exit t

30、o the centerline of the flumeat slide entry, measured at the riding surface.3.1.25 slide lengthtotal length of the geometric invert ofthe flume from the slide exit to the slide entry.3.1.26 slide pathgeometric layout of the flume sectionsthat make up the water slide.3.1.27 slide vehicledevice intend

31、ed for use on a waterslide upon which the rider(s) sits or lays while sliding.3.1.28 specialty vehicleproprietary vehicle sufficientlydifferent from other vehicles designated by the slide manufac-turer as suitable for use in a water slide.3.1.29 starting platformdeck structure, usually of sepa-rate

32、construction from the water slide, from which a givenwater slide starts.3.1.30 warning signagesignage displayed in public viewprior to the entrance of the water slide provided to the rideridentifying the features the rider will experience such aslighting effects.3.1.31 water flowwater volume per uni

33、t time for a givenwater slide.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.4Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documen

34、ts,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F23760623.1.32 water slidesee definition in Section 1.3.1.33 water slide clearance envelopedesign clearance tominimize the opportunity for contact between the rider andother objects, outside of the flume, where said contact is likelyto

35、cause injury. See Figs. 1 and 2.3.1.34 water slide systemsee definition in Section 1.3.1.35 water slide tubeinflated vehicle that floats in astable fashion in a pool intended for rider use on water slides.The vehicle may have a bottom or have a hole intended forseating and contains one or more rider

36、s as they ride in theflume; often called a raft, boat, or tube.3.2 Slide ClassificationWater slides are classified by theirphysical and intended use characteristics. The classificationmay be a combination of the specific rider vehicle used the typeof geometric path, often serpentine or straight, and

37、 the desig-nation as a speed slide if the riders velocity exceeds 25 ft/s.The following are definitions of the types of water slides.3.2.1 body slideswater slide used without a vehicle.3.2.2 childrens slidesWater slides generally intendedonly for use by persons under the height of 48 in. Water slide

38、has a maximum fall distance of 3 in. from slide exit where therider enters the water and water depth is no greater than 24 in.3.2.3 mat slideswater slide used with a designated mat asa vehicle.3.2.4 serpentine slidecurved path as viewed in geometricslide path.3.2.5 specialty slidesproprietary water

39、slide design, suchas an uphill, half-pipe, or bowl ride, which does not conform tostandard classification.3.2.6 specialty vehicle slideswater slide used with aproprietary vehicle specified by the manufacturer.3.2.7 speed slidewater slide where the rider(s) achieve avelocity of 25 ft/s or more during

40、 the course of the ride.3.2.8 tube slideswater slide used with a single or multi-person water slide tube.4. Materials4.1 Flume MaterialAny material that has the followingbasic properties and that meets all other requirements of thispractice may be used to construct water slides.4.1.1 Flumes riding s

41、urfaces shall be constructed to besmooth.4.1.2 Flume material shall be demonstrated as strongenough to support specified loads as defined in Section 7.4.1.3 Flume components, maintained using the manufactur-ers instructions, shall not deteriorate over time in such a waythat a hazard will develop.4.2

42、 Support MaterialsAny material that has the followingbasic properties and that meets all other requirements of thispractice may be used to construct water slide supports.4.2.1 Supports for water slides shall be constructed fromdurable materials such as wood, metal, concrete, or engineeredcomposites.

43、FIG. 1 Water Slide Clearance EnvelopeFIG. 2 Water Slide Clearance EnvelopeF23760634.2.2 Supports for water slides from metal shall be eitherinherently corrosion resistant, or be finished in such a way asto provide protection from corrosion.4.2.3 Wood materials shall be finished in such a way toprovi

44、de protection against deterioration.4.2.4 Support material shall be demonstrated as strongenough to support specified loads as defined in Section 6.4.2.5 Supports shall be constructed to accommodate regularinspection and maintenance for structural integrity, materialdeterioration, or corrosion, or a

45、 combination thereof.5. Notification Requirement5.1 Awater slide system shown to comply with this practiceshall meet all applicable requirements specified in this practice.Anyone representing compliance with this practice shall keepsuch essential records as are necessary to document any claimthat th

46、e requirements within this specification have been met.5.2 The owner/operator of a water slide shall notify theappropriate manufacturer(s) of any known incident as specifiedin Guides F 1305 and F 893.5.3 The manufacturer shall notify the appropriate owner(s)/operator(s) of similar water slides of an

47、 incident that resulted ina serious injury promptly upon the determination by themanufacturer that the incident is significantly repeatable.5.3.1 Such manufacturer notification shall be a bulletin asspecified in Sections 4.1.14.3 through 4.1.14.8 of PracticeF 853.6. Structural Design of Water Slides

48、6.1 This section defines the loading and strength criteria thatshall be used in the structural engineering of water slide flumesand supporting structures. The strength and stability of thewater slide system shall be demonstrated by generally acceptedengineering methods certified by a professional en

49、gineer.6.2 Dead Loads (symbol DL)Forces resulting fromweight of all components of the ride and includes all loads thatdo not fluctuate with respect to time.6.3 Operational LoadsForces from water, riders, or ve-hicles, or a combination thereof, in the ride under normaloperations.6.3.1 Water Load (symbol WL)In free flowing waterslides where water does not collect in pools or streams greaterthan 2 in. deep, the water load shall be a minimum of 15lbs/linear ft for every 1000 gal/min of flow. Where the flow issuch that water collects i