ASTM F1937-2004 Standard Specification for Body Protectors Used in Horse Sports and Horseback Riding《马术运动和骑马用身体防护设备的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1937 04An American National StandardStandard Specification forBody Protectors Used in Horse Sports and HorsebackRiding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of

2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONHorse sports and horseback riding are sports with intrinsic hazards. It is recognized that it

3、is notpossible to write a body protector performance standard that will result in products that can protectagainst injury or death in all accidents. It is also recognized that serious injury or death can result fromboth low-energy and high-energy impacts, even when body protectors are worn. It is fu

4、rtherrecognized that protective body protectors must be acceptable to the user and to the regulatingassociations or agencies requiring their use. Acknowledging these limitations, this specification wasdeveloped using resources in medical, scientific, engineering, human factors, and biomedical fields

5、.This specification incorporates many aspects of other recognized body protector performancestandards. This specification draws from work done by others where appropriate for this specification.These standards may be referenced. It should be noted that this specification specifies a laboratory testo

6、f a completed body protectors ability to reduce impacts.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteriaand describes test methods for body protectors for use in horsesports and horseback riding.1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar fromconsideration materials of

7、 improved quality or performance notknown at the time of development of this specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if

8、any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1045 Performance Specification for Ice Hockey

9、HelmetsF 1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Usedin Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear2.2 BETA Standard:3BETA 1.24.4.95 Standard for Horse Riders Body andShoulder Protectors2.3 National Institute of Justice Standard:4NIJS 0101.03 Ballistic Resistance of Polic

10、e Body Armor2.4 SAE Standard:5SAE J211 Recommended Practice for Instrumentation forImpact TestsRequirements for Channel Class 10001This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.55 onPadding (B

11、ody).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1937 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda

12、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the British Equestrian Trade Association Ltd., WorthersomeGrange, Bramham, Nr. Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 6LY.4Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washing-ton, DC 2

13、0531.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Inaddition t

14、o terms defined in Test Methods F 1446, the follow-ing terms are specific to this specification:3.1.1 backing materialblock of non-hardening, oil-basedmodeling clay in contact with the back of the body protectivetest specimen during impact deformation testing.63.1.2 body protectorsleeveless garment

15、covering definedareas of the torso and lower back and consisting of one or morelayers of material and designed to reduce trauma from bluntimpacts and falls.3.1.3 bust girthmaximum horizontal girth measured dur-ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and thetape-measure passed over the

16、 scapulae under the armpits andacross the breasts: normal underclothing to be worn.3.1.4 calibration impact surfaceimpact surface shall be aflat modular elastomer programmer (MEP). The MEP is 6.0 in.(152 mm) in diameter, and 1.0 in. (25 mm) thick. It is affixedto the top surface of a flat, 0.25 in.

17、(6.35 mm) thick aluminumplate. The durometer of the MEP is 60 6 2 Shore A.3.1.5 chest girthmaximum horizontal girth measured dur-ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and thetape-measure passed over the scapulae under the armpits andacross the chest.3.1.6 deformationmaximum displace

18、ment of the backsurface of the body protector, during impact as defined in 9.3.3.1.7 depthdepth of the depression is the distance fromthe original undisturbed surface of the backing material to thelowest point of the depression.3.1.8 impact surfaceflat anvil specified in 6.3.1.2 of TestMethods F 144

19、6 shall be used as the impact surface for theshock attenuation test (see Section 6).3.1.9 waist girthmaximum horizontal girth measured dur-ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and thetape-measure passed around the body in the plane of the waist,2.0 in. (50 mm) above the supra-crist

20、al plane which is at thelevel of the highest points of the iliac crests. The dimension of2.0 in. (50 mm) refers to a subject of 70.0 in. (1780 mm) talland should be scaled pro rata with the height of the actualsubject.3.1.10 waist to waist over the shoulder lengthmaximumlength measured from the plan

21、e of the waist, as defined above,over the shoulder to the plane of the waist. The tape-measurecrosses the shoulder at the mid point between the point of theshoulder and the junction of the shoulder to the neck. Anteri-orly the tape-measure passes over the chest (or bust) to a point3.5 in. (90 mm) la

22、teral to the midline of the body on the planeof the waist. Posteriorly the tape-measure follows the shortestdistance to a point 3.5 in. (90 mm) lateral to the midline of thebody. The distances of 3.5 in. (90 mm) refer to a subject witha waist girth of 34.0 in. (860 mm) and should be scaled pro rataw

23、ith the waist girth of the actual subject. Normal underclothingto be worn for the measurement.4. General Requirements4.1 Materials:4.1.1 As defined in the ice hockey helmet PerformanceSpecification F 1045, all materials used in the fabrication of thebody protector shall be known to be suitable for t

24、he intendedapplication. All shock attenuation system materials used in thebody protector shall not permanently distort during an expo-sure of at least4htoanytemperature in the range from 5 64to1046 4 F (15 6 2to406 2 C), nor shall the materialbe significantly affected by exposure to ultraviolet radi

25、ation,water, dirt, or vibration. All materials shall be rot-resistant.4.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers skinshall not be the type known to cause skin irritation or disease,and shall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility, orother physical change as a result of conta

26、ct with perspiration orbody oil.4.1.3 Any material used in the construction of body protec-tors shall not be adversely affected by ordinary household soapand water, mild household detergent, or cleaners recommendedby the manufacturer.4.2 Body Protector Assembly:4.2.1 Any optional devices fitted to t

27、he body protector shallbe so designed that they are unlikely to cause any injury to thewearer or other participants during contact.4.2.2 No rigid projections shall be on the inside of the bodyprotector which could come in contact with the wearers body.4.2.3 All external projections shall be smooth a

28、nd ad-equately faired to other surfaces.4.3 Extent and Form of Protective MaterialThe coverageof the body protector listed in Section 5 shall protect thewearers body to the minimum impact requirements of Section7. The extent of protection shall include at least all of thedesignated areas shown in Fi

29、g. 1.4.3.1 The body protector may have reduced thickness overthe shoulder. When shoulder protectors are fitted, the bodyprotector shoulder strap may not require any included foam.4.4 AttachmentsThe components of the fasteners for se-curing attachments to the body protector shall not reduce thedegree

30、 of protection afforded the wearer by the protectivepadding or cushioning material of the body protector.5. Dimensioning, Sizing, and Body Coverage5.1 The whole circumference of the torso shall be coveredby the body protector.5.2 DimensioningBody protectors shall have dimensionsas shown in Fig. 1. D

31、imension A is the mid-value of the rangeof the chest circumferences the manufacturer states the bodyprotector will fit. Dimension B is equal to B = (0.028)A2+ 2.66A 25.81.7Four vertical reference lines defined inBETA 1.24.4.95 are to be used: C and C separated by 25 % ofDimension A on the chest, and

32、 D and D separated by 25 % ofDimension A on the back.5.2.1 The padding shall extend for more than 45 % ofDimension B along the lines C and C (C in Fig. 1).6A backing material found to be suitable is Roma Plastilina No. 1 modeling clayas defined in NIJS 0101.03.7This formula represents the mathematic

33、ally calculated anthropometric mean forthe waist to waist over the shoulder length for chest sizes 21 to 48.F19370425.2.2 The padding shall extend for more than 60 % ofDimension B along the lines D and D (D in Fig. 1).5.2.3 The padding shall extend for a length greater than30 % of Dimension B in the

34、 center front (E in Fig. 1).5.2.4 The circumference of the armhole shall be less than70 % of Dimension A (F in Fig. 1).5.2.5 The minimum width of the padding across the backbetween the arm holes shall be more than 30 % of DimensionA(GinFig. 1).5.2.6 The minimum width of padding across the chestbetwe

35、en the armholes shall be more than 25 % of Dimension A(H in Fig. 1).5.2.7 The maximum depth of the front neck opening shall beless than 15 % of Dimension B (I in Fig. 1).5.2.8 The maximum depth of the back neck opening shall beless than 7 % of Dimension B (J in Fig. 1).5.2.9 Padding over the top of

36、the shoulder may be reducedto 50 % of its normal thickness in an area not extending morethan 2.0 in. (50 mm) along the over-shoulder dimension linefrom the top of the shoulder, to the front and to the rear.5.3 SizingBody protectors and shoulder protectors shallbe marked a size. The size is to be det

37、ermined by threedimensions of the persons the protector will fit. The dimen-sions are chest girth, waist girth, and waist to waist over theshoulder length.6. Apparatus6.1 Shock Attenuation TestThe apparatus for the shockattenuation test shall consist of the following:6.1.1 Guide AssemblyThe spherica

38、l impactor shall beattached to the free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustablemounting that will allow impacts to be delivered to any pointof the body protector. The carriage shall be free to slide onvertical guides. If wires are used they must be placed under atleast 190 lbf (845 N) tension.

39、The guide assembly shall notweigh more than 2.4 lb (1100 g). The total weight of the guideassembly and spherical impactor shall be 11.0 6 0.25 lb (50006 100 g).6.1.2 Recording EquipmentThe recording equipmentshall meet the following criteria:6.1.2.1 Acceleration TransducerA linear accelerometer ismo

40、unted at the center of gravity of the spherical impactor andcarriage assembly with the sensitive axis aligned to within 5of the vertical when the spherical impactor is in the impactposition. This transducer shall be capable of withstanding ashock of 1000 g without damage and shall have a frequencyre

41、sponse (variation 61.5 %) over the range from 5 to 900 Hz.6.1.2.2 Impact RecordingThe impact shall be recorded onsingle- or dual-trace storage oscilloscope with 0.1 mV to 20 Vdeflection factor, 1 to 5 ms sweep speed-division and 500 kHzbandwidth, or any digital system meeting or exceeding theserequi

42、rements.6.1.2.3 Signal FilteringAcceleration data channel andfiltering shall comply with SAE J211, CFC 1000.6.1.3 System AccuracyThe impact recording system shallbe capable of measuring shocks up to 500 g peak accelerationwith an accuracy of 65%.6.2 Penetration and Deformation TestThe apparatus fort

43、he penetration and deformation test shall consist of thefollowing:6.2.1 Backing MaterialThe backing material shall be inthe form of a single block at least 4.0 in. (102 mm) thick andof sufficient length and width (approximately 10.0 by 10.0 in.(254 by 254 mm) to completely back the body protector to

44、 betested.6.2.2 Backing Material BoxA box measuring at least 11.0by 11.0 by 4.5 in. (279 by 279 by 114-mm) with at least a 10.0by 10.0 by 4.0 in. (254 by 254 by 102 mm) square openingshall be used to hold the backing material during product test.NOTE 1Protective material can be removed from the body

45、 protector.FIG. 1 Diagrammatic Representation of the Protective Material in a Body Protector Flattened Out for MeasurementF19370437. Performance Requirements7.1 GeneralBody protectors shall be capable of meetingthe requirements in this performance specification throughouttheir full range of adjustme

46、nt. They shall be capable of meetingthese requirements at any temperature between 5 and 104 F(15 and 40 C).7.2 The velocity of any impact shall be 10.33 ft/s 6 2%(3.15 m/s 6 2 %).7.3 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed300 g, when test in accordance to 9.2 and 9.3.7.4 When tested acc

47、ording to 9.3, post impact deformationis limited to a depth of 1.0 in. (25 mm).7.5 When tested according to 9.4, blocks of padding in thebody protector must prevent the bars from coming intoeffective contact with each other (with only fabric or a zip orother non-protective material between them).7.6

48、 When tested according to 9.5, the force to separate anyclosures shall not be less than 11 lbf (50 N). This requirementshall be met at 73 F (23 C).8. Sampling8.1 Submit at least one specimen body protector for eachsize of a protector model. At least five specimens of theprotector model must be submi

49、tted for impact testing. Ifprotector models are produced exclusively for children, thelargest size should be supplied.9. Test Method9.1 Impact SitesEach body protector shall be impacted attwo sites. The center of any impact must not be less than 4.0 in.(102 mm) from any edge, and at least 4.0 in. (102 mm) fromany prior impact center.9.2 Shock Attenuation TestPrior to each test, position thebody protector on a support platform so that only the materialthat would be between the torso of the wearer and any hazardis subjected to the impa