ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 2382-1-1993 Information Technology - Vocabulary - Part 1 Fundamental Terms《信息技术.词汇.第1部分 基本术语》.pdf

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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISOAEC 2382-l Third edition Troisikme edition 1993-11-15 Information technology - Vocabulary - Fart 1: Fundamental terms Technologies de Iinformation - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes fondamentaux Reference number Numbro de rbfkence ISO/IEC 2382-I:1993 (E/F

2、) Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/14/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council

3、(ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of th

4、is publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American N

5、ational Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISOAEC 2382-l : 1993 (E/F) OISO/I EC Contents Page Foreword ._. . . _ ._ ._ ._, _. _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ ._ _ _. _, _. _. , _ . . ,_. ._. . _. iv Intro

6、duction . . . . . . _ . . . _. . vi Section 1: General 1 .I Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Normative references . . . _ . . . . . . . . .

7、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. 1 1.3 Principles and rules followed . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ ._._. 2 1.3.1 Definition of an entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. 2 d.3.2 Organization of an entry . . . . . . . . . . _._. 2 1.3.3 Classification of entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions . . . _. 3 1.3.5 Multiple meanings ._._._._ 3 1.3.6 Abbreviations. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

9、 1.3.7 Use of parentheses ,.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. 3 1.3.8 Use of brackets ,_._._._. 4 1.3.9 Use of terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and the use of an asterisk 1.3.1 Cl Spelling . 1.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index Section 2: Terms and definitions 01 Fundamental te

10、rms 01 .Ol General terms . 01.02 Information Representation 01.03 Hardware 01.04 Software 01.05 Programming 01.06 Applications and End User . 01.07 Computer Security 01.08 Data Management Figure 1 Alphabetical indexes English French 4 4 5 6 6 13 14 18 19 20 23 24 25 27 30 Q ISO/IEC 1993 All rights r

11、eserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher./Droits de reproduction rkser-ks. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut b) the term or

12、 the generally preferred term in the language. The absence of a generally preferred term for the concept in the language is indicated by a symbol consisting of five points (.); a row of dots may be used to indicate, in a term, a word to be chosen in a particular case; c) the preferred term in a part

13、icular country (identified according to the rules of IS0 3166); d) the abbreviation for the term; e) permitted synonymous term(s); f) the text of the definition (see 1.3.4); g) one or more examples with the heading “Example(s)“; h) one or more notes specifying particular cases in the field of applic

14、ation of the concepts with the heading “NOTE(S)“; i) a picture, a diagram, or a table which could be common to several entries. 1.3 Principes d6tablissement et kgles suivies 1.3.1 DBfinition de Iarticle La section 2 est composee dun certain nombre darticles. Chaque article est compos b) le terme, ou

15、 le terme prefer8 en general dans la langue. Labsence, dans une langue, de terme consacre ou a conseiller pour exprimer une notion est indiquee par un symbole consistant en cinq points de suspension (.) ; les points de suspension peuvent dtre employ c) le terme preferi! dans un certain pays (identif

16、ie selon les regles de IISO 3166) ; d) Iabreviation pouvant etre employee a la place du terme ; e) le terme ou les termes admis comme synonymes ; f) le texte de la definition (voir I .3.4) ; g) un ou plusieurs exemples precedes du titre ; h) une ou plusieurs notes precisant le domaine dapplication d

17、e la notion, precedees du titre ; i) une figure, un schema ou un tableau, pouvant Btre communs a plusieurs articles. 2 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-0 ISO/IEC I

18、SOllEC 2382-l : 1993 (E/F) 1.3.3 Classification of entries 1.3.3 Classification des articles A two-digit serial number is assigned to each part of this Chaque pat-tie de la pr6sente Norme internationale reGoit International Standard, beginning with 01 for “fundamental un num6ro dordre the first two

19、digits being un numero dordre a quatre chiffres, les deux premiers those of the part of this International Standard. chiffres dtant ceux du num however, communication across the LAN boundary may be subject to some form of regulation. 01.01.46 rkeau local reseau local dentreprise RLE (abrkviation) RB

20、seau dordinateurs situ6 dans un domaine prive et g6ographiquement limit executing user-written or user-designated programs; performing user-designated manipulation of digitally represented discrete data, including arithmetic operations and logic operations; and executing programs that modify themsel

21、ves during their execution. NOTE - In English, in infonnafion processing, the term computer is often used to refer to a digital computer. 01.03.05 analog computer A computer whose operations are analogous to the behavior of another system and that accepts, processes, and produces analog data. 01.03.

22、06 hybrid computer A computer that integrates analog computer components and digital computer components by interconnection of digital-to- analog converters and analog-to-digital converters. NOTE - A hybrid computer may use or produce analog data and discrete data. 01.03.07 peripheral equipment Any

23、device that is controlled by and can communicate with a particular computer. Example: Input-output units, external storage. 01 aO3.08 processor In a computer, a functional unit that interprets and executes instructions. NOTE - A processor consists of at least an instruction control unit and an arith

24、metic and logic unit. 01.03.03 calculateur Unit6 fonctionnelle qui est capable deffectuer des calculs importants, comportant de nombreuses op. dexkcuter des programmes Bcrits ou demand deffectuer 2 la demande de Iutilisateur des manipulations de donn.Ges discktes rep et dexkcuter des programmes se m

25、odifiant en tours dexkution. NOTE - En franGais, le terme ordinateur est souvent utiliszTw:i Emulation is usually achieved by means of hardware or 01.06.02 emulation Utilisation dun sysf6me informafique pour imiter un autre systeme informatique de sorte que le systbme imitateur prenne en compte les

26、mdmes donnees, execute les memes pmgrammes et produise les memes resultats que le systeme imite. NOTE - LCmulation seffectue g dans dautres cas, eke se fait au moyen de systemes specialises. 01.06.16 microedition Bditique Publication assistke par ordinateur utilisant un micro- ordinateur. 01.06.17 c

27、ourrier Blectronique Correspondance sous forme de messages, transmise entre tenninaux dutilisateur sur un rt+seau infonnatique. 01.06.18 base de connaissances BC (abreviation) Base de don&es contenant des regles dinfkence et des informations relatives a Iexperience et la competence humaines dans un

28、domaine particulier. NOTE - Dans les systemes autodidactes, la base de connaissances contient aussi des informations provenant de la resolution de problemes anterieurs. 22 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-