ASTM E1503-2012 Standard Test Method for Conducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a Digital Statistical Sound Analysis System 《使用数字统计分析系统进行户外声测量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation:E150306 Designation: E1503 12Standard Test Method forConducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a DigitalStatistical Sound Analysis System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1503; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o

2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is one of a series of standards on the measurement and evaluation of comm

3、unity noise. Othersin the series include Guide E1014 which covers manual measurement, using a simple meter, andanalysis of the resulting data, Guide E1779, which covers preparation of a measurement plan forconducting outdoor sound measurements, and Guide which covers manual measurement, using asimpl

4、e meter, and analysis of the resulting data, and Guide E1780, which covers measurement ofsound received from a nearby fixed source. Also, under consideration or in preparation as supportingdocument, is a draft standard guide for determining the validity and significance of data obtained usingthis te

5、st method. , which covers measurement of sound received from a nearby fixed source.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of outdoor sound levels at specific locations using a digital statistical soundanalysis system and a formal measurement plan.1.1.1 This test method provides basic re

6、quirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data.However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requiring multiple sets of data, the test method doesnot address planning of the measurement program.1.2 The use of results of measurements pe

7、rformed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,1.2.2 To characterize the sound emissions of a specific sound source which exhibits a temporal variation in sound output, and1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of

8、a noise impact mitigation plan.1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with a measurement plan that references this test method. Changesor additions to the provisions of this test method shall be clearly stated in the plan.1.3.1 In the event it is necessary, for example, because o

9、f time constraints, to conduct measurements without first formalizinga plan, this test method can be used if an operator/observer whose qualifications are satisfactory to both the performingorganization and the client is present at all times during the measurements and who complies, to the extent po

10、ssible, with all theapplicable requirements of this test method, including record keeping.1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound level data with appropriate criteria.1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used in the derivation of loudness levels provid

11、ed the necessaryrequirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidth are observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that aspecialist in the area of loudness evaluation be consulted in preparing a plan for measurements intended to produce data which willbe used for this purpose.1.5The

12、values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informationonly.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address a

13、ll of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E3

14、3 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.09on Community Noise.Current edition approved Sept.May 1, 2006.2012. Published October 2006.June 2012. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 asE150305.E150306. DOI: 10.152

15、0/E1503-06.10.1520/E1503-12.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends

16、 that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Docum

17、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental AcousticsE1014 Guide for Measurement of Outdoor A-Weighted Sound Levels E1779Guide for Preparing a Measurement Plan forConducting Outdoor Sound MeasurementsE1780 Guide for Measuring Outdoor Sound Received from a Nearby F

18、ixed Source2.2 ANSI Standards:S1.4Specification for Sound Level Meters3S1.11 Specifications for Octave-Bband and Fractional Octave-Bband Analog and Digital Filters3S1.13Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels3Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in AirS1.17 Microphone Windscreens - Part 1: Measurements

19、 and Specification of Insertion Loss in Still or Slightly Moving AirS1.40Specification for Acoustical Calibrators3Specification for Verification Procedures for Sound Calibrators3S1.43 Specifications of Integrating-Averaging Sound Level Meters2.3 IEC Standards616721 Electroacoustics - Sound Level Met

20、ers - Part 1: Specifications3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms, including the following used in this test method, see Terminology C634: dummy microphone,interference, impulsive sound, measurement plan, measurement set, percentile level, self noise and time-average sound level.3.2 Definitions

21、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 digital statistical sound analysis system combination of a sound level meter, either analog or digital, interfaced with adigital data storage device, and a digital statistical analyzer, for sampling environmental sound levels over a specified timedinterval.3

22、.2.1.1 DiscussionFor the purposes of this test method, a generic analyzer having the necessary features for the intendedmeasurement and meeting the requirements of ANSI S1.4, ANSI S1.11, and ANSI S1.43 is assumed.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which are

23、 well defined and which are understood by a trained acousticalprofessional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce resultswhich are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information g

24、athered anddocumented in the course of the measurement program.4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to thefollowing:4.2.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source as a reference for as

25、sessment of the noiseimpact caused by a proposed facility and associated activities,4.2.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existingsource), and4.2.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example, i

26、ndication of exceedance of criteria ornon-compliance with laws).4.3 This test method provides a means for operating a sound analysis system which incorporates digital circuits for processingand storing sound level data, documenting conditions under which the measurements were performed, and reportin

27、g the results.4.4 This test method provides the user with information to (1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor sound levelover specific time periods at specified places, and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify themeasurements.4.5 This test method c

28、an be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acousticaldata for many common situations. The data are collected in a format determined by the capabilities of the equipment, equipmentoperational options selected, and by post-processing options available.

29、4.6 The user is cautioned that there are many factors that can strongly influence the results obtained during measurement ofoutdoor sound levels and that this test method is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field ofacoustics. This test method is intended to faci

30、litate communication between sound measurement professionals and individuals whoare responsible for administering regulations, or are otherwise involved in decisions involving sound measurements. Measurementsshall be performed only under the direction of people who are experienced in the measurement

31、 and analysis of outdoor sound, andwho are thoroughly familiar with the use of the equipment and techniques involved.4.7 This test method is only a measurement procedure and, as such, does not address the methods of comparison of the acquireddata with specific criteria. No procedures are provided wi

32、thin this test method for estimating the influences of two or more2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM w

33、ebsite.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E1503 122simultaneously measured sounds. This test method can be used, with an appropriate plan, in establishing compliance when themeasured data are below a specifi

34、ed limit, or conversely, establishing noncompliance when any of the data are above a specifiedlimit.5. Interferences5.1 Measurements intended to provide detailed spectral and temporal sound level data are subject to interferences from anumber of sources. The most significant of these are mentioned b

35、riefly in paragraphs 5.1-5.9. The user of this test method isreferred to Guide E1779 for the full details of interferences and recommended practices for avoiding or minimizing the effects ofthe interferences mentioned here. Normally the measurement plan will include a requirement to have an operator

36、/observer presentat all times during the performance of outdoor sound measurements. The observer, in addition to monitoring potential interferences,such as wind, precipitation, and site visitors, shall interrupt or terminate the measurements when the pending or existinginterference is judged to be s

37、ignificant, or when guideline limits in the measurement plan are exceeded. The operator/observer, aswell as any visitors or support staff shall be made aware of the importance of not engaging in activities which create extraneoussounds. Examples of activities to be avoided while measurements are in

38、progress are talking, walking on gravel, leaves, or twigs,use of radio-telephones (electromagnetic interference), or operating vehicle engines. 5.1-5.8.5.2 Effects of Wind:5.2.1Interaction of the wind with the microphone may influence the results of sound level measurements even with a windscreenin

39、place. Even for wind speeds below 20 km/h (12 mph) special care must be used if sound levels are very low or if measuringfractional band, C-weighted, or flat frequency-weighted levels. Higher wind speeds can be tolerated for high-sound levels or if awindscreen designed for high-wind speeds is used.

40、Manufacturers instructions for operation in wind shall be followed.Appropriate guidelines for measurements in wind are included in Guide E17795.2.1 Wind may influence sound level measurements, even with a windscreen in place. The windscreen recommended by themanufacturer may not be adequate in quiet

41、 environments with mild wind conditions, especially in environments where lowfrequency, ambient sound must be evaluated. With wind speeds of 20 km/h and a typical windscreen the resulting A-weightedsound level due to the wind alone is 40-45 dB. Wind speeds of 40 km/h result in measured A-weighted so

42、und levels due to windalone of 60-65 dB. Manufacturers instructions shall be followed with respect to meter limitations under windy conditions. Whenwind speeds approach or exceed 20 km/h, headphones shall be used to monitor the sound level meter output or the sound levelmeter indicator shall be care

43、fully observed to determine if fluctuations correspond to wind speed or actual sound sources. Dataobtained during intervals when wind generated sound is influencing the measurements shall not be used. No measurements shallbe made when steady wind speeds exceed 20 km/h. Propagation of sound from a so

44、urce will be influenced by the direction of windrelative to the source and measurement positions. Measurements may need to be taken at different times of the year in differentwind conditions to fully identify the acoustical character of the environment.5.2.2 In special circumstances requiring measur

45、ements with wind speeds higher than 20 km/h, such as a background sound levelsurvey involving a wind turbine project, a large (not less than 175 mm) windscreen shall be used.Alarger windscreen will produceless low frequency windscreen noise near the microphone. However, it is cautioned, that large,

46、foam type windscreens can causeadditional attenuation of high frequency sound. A calibration adjustment may be required. See ANSI S1.17.5.2.2If5.2.3 If maximum wind speeds are not addressed in the measurement plan, manufacturers instructions shall be followedwith respect to analyzer limitations unde

47、r windy conditions.5.2.34 Propagation of sound from a source will be influenced by the direction of the wind relative to the source andmeasurement positions. In some situations it may be desirable to make such measurements at different times of the year in differentwind conditions to fully identify

48、the acoustical character of the environment.5.3 Effects of Moisture and High Humidity:5.3.1 Measurable precipitation almost always influences outdoor sound levels. For example, tires rolling on a paved surfaceproduce higher sound levels when the pavement is wet. Fallen snow may affect the propagatio

49、n of sound. Data obtained under suchconditions shall be retained but carefully marked so that these data may be used with caution in subsequent analysis.5.3.2 High relative humidity, generally over 90 %, can influence certain preamplifiers and microphones, especially air-condenser microphones. Microphone manufacturers instructions shall be followed under high-humidity conditions.5.4In situations involving impulsive sound events, the user should be aware that the fast and slow exponential time weightingtypically used to measure continuous sound do not appropriately quantify