ASTM D5080-2008 Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Percent Compaction《百分比压缩的快速测量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 5080 08Standard Test Method forRapid Determination of Percent Compaction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes the procedure for rapidlydetermining the percent compaction and the variation fromoptimum moisture content of an

3、 in-place soil for use incontrolling construction of compacted earth. These values areobtained by developing a three-point compaction curve at thesame moisture content as the in-place soil without knowing thevalue of the moisture content. The soil used for the compactioncurve is normally the same so

4、il removed from the in-placedensity test. For the remainder of this designation, this testmethod will be referred to as the rapid method.1.2 This test method is normally performed for soils con-taining more than 15 % fines (minus No. 200 sieve size).1.3 When gravel-size particles are present in the

5、soil beingtested, this test method is limited to a comparison of the minusNo. 4 sieve-size fraction of the in-place density material to alaboratory compaction test of minus No. 4 sieve-size material(Method A of Test Methods D 698). Subject to the limitationsof Practice D 4718, this test method is al

6、so applicable tocomparisons of other sieve-size fractions (for example, MethodC of Test Methods D 698) or other compactive efforts (forexample, Test Methods D 1557) if new moisture adjustmentvalues are determined (see 6.1 and Appendix X2).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thest

7、andard.1.4.1 The use of balances or scales recording pounds ofmass (lbm), or the recording of density in pounds of mass percubic foot (lbm/ft3) should not be regarded as nonconformancewith this test method.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits a

8、nd rounding established inPractice D 6026 unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected,recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be

9、 retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It

10、is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate

11、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Char

12、acter-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone MethodD 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D 2167 Test Method

13、for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon MethodD 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder MethodD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agenci

14、esEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4718 Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and WaterContent for Soils Containing Oversize ParticlesD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataD 6938 Test Method for In-P

15、lace Density and Water Con-tent of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods(Shallow Depth)1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special andConstruction Control Tests.Current edition approved Feb.

16、1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5080 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

17、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Ter

18、minology3.1 DefinitionsExcept as follows in 3.2, all definitions arein accordance with Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 added water, zamount of water, expressed as apercentage, which is added to wet soil before compacting aspecimen in the rapid method. If th

19、e moisture content of thewet soil is decreased, the amount of “added water” is anegative number (for example, 2.0 %).3.2.2 C valueratio, expressed as a percentage, of in-placewet density at field moisture content to the wet density of alaboratory compacted specimen prepared at field moisturecontent.

20、 The C value is a comparison of compactive effort offield compaction equipment to standard laboratory compactiveeffort.3.2.3 compaction curve at field moisture contentplotshowing the relationship between wet density at field moisturecontent (converted wet density) and the percent of “addedwater.”3.2

21、.4 converted wet density, rwetcwet density of a com-pacted specimen after being converted (by correcting for theamount of “added water”) to the wet density at field moisturecontent.3.2.5 D valueratio, expressed as a percentage, of in-placewet density at field moisture content to laboratory maximumwe

22、t density as determined from a compaction curve developedat field moisture content as determined by the rapid method.The D value is the rapid method equivalent of percentcompaction.3.2.6 field moisture content, wfmoisture content of theminus No. 4 fraction of in-place soil.3.2.7 field wet density, r

23、wetfwet density as determinedfrom an in-place density test.3.2.8 maximum wet density at field moisture content, rmwet density defined by the peak of the laboratory compactioncurve at field moisture content.3.2.9 wf woexpression for the difference between thein-place moisture content and the optimum

24、moisture content asdetermined by the rapid method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of soil is obtained in conjunc-tion with performing Test Method D 1556, D 2167, D 6938, orD 2937. Soil specimens are compacted in accordance withMethod A of Test Methods D 698. At least three speci

25、mens arecompacted, the first at field (in-place) moisture content, andeach of the remaining at different moisture contents. A para-bolic curve is assumed as defined by the three compactionpoints, and the peak point of the curve is determined math-ematically. The ratio of in-place wet density at fiel

26、d moisturecontent to laboratory maximum wet density is determined. Anapproximation of the difference between optimum moisturecontent and field moisture content is determined. After theactual field moisture content is determined by ovendrying(usually the next day), the dry densities, unit weights, an

27、doptimum moisture content are calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 The rapid method is performed to quickly evaluatepercent compaction and variation from optimum moisturecontent of soils used in construction without knowing the valueof field moisture content at the time of the test.5.1.1 Test resul

28、ts are usually determined within 1 to 2 hfrom the start of the test.5.1.2 The value of percent compaction obtained using therapid method will be the same as the percent compactioncalculated using dry density values.5.1.3 The value of the difference between field moisturecontent and optimum moisture

29、content will be approximate,but will be within 60.1 to 0.2 percentage point of thedifference calculated once the field moisture content is known.5.2 Test results may be used to determine if the compactedmaterial meets density and moisture control values that arespecified as a percentage of a standar

30、d maximum density andoptimum moisture content such as determined in Method A ofTest Methods D 698.Athree-point compaction curve is used inplace of the four- or five-point curve required in Test MethodsD 698.5.3 This test method is based on the assumption that athree-point compaction curve is a parab

31、ola at the section of thecurve close to optimum moisture content so that the peak pointof the curve can be determined mathematically. This assump-tion results in the major difference between this test methodand obtaining the maximum density and optimum moisturecontent from a full five-point compacti

32、on curve.5.4 Once the field ovendry moisture content has beendetermined, the values of dry density, dry unit weight, andoptimum moisture content can be calculated (see Note 1).5.5 This test method can also be used for foundation orborrow area material to compare in-place dry density and unitweight a

33、nd moisture content to laboratory maximum drydensity and unit weight and optimum moisture content.5.6 This test method has the advantage that the maximumdensity value can be obtained on the same soil excavatedduring the in-place density test.NOTE 1Since there is no need to immediately determine the

34、moisturecontents of material from the in-place density test or the laboratorycompaction points, use of rapid moisture content determinations such asmicrowave, direct heat, nuclear, etc., is not needed. However, if desired,the percent compaction and variation from optimum moisture content maybe deter

35、mined using dry density values based on rapid moisture contenttest methods. Using three compaction points and determining the maxi-mum density mathematically would still apply. However, the rapidmoisture content methods may give results that differ from the acceptedoven-dried moisture content values

36、 and will lengthen the time of perform-ing this test method.NOTE 2Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias con-tained in this test method, the precision of this test method is dependent onthe competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities use

37、d. Agencies that meet the criteria of PracticeD 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting. Users of these test methods are cautioned that compliance withPractice D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable testingdepends on many factors; Practice D 3740

38、provides a means of evaluatingsome of those factors.D50800826. Interferences6.1 The moisture adjustment values were determined basedon average density and optimum moisture content values of alarge number of soil samples containing only minus No. 4.sieve-size particles. The soil being tested should b

39、e comparedwith the information in Appendix X2. For soils having prop-erties significantly different, the moisture adjustment valuesmay not be applicable. If this is the case, new adjustmentvalues must be determined for the specific soil (see AppendixX2).6.2 For samples significantly dry or wet of th

40、eir optimummoisture content (+6.0 %, 4.0 %), the values wfwoare lessaccurate.7. Apparatus7.1 Equipment for determining the in-place density asrequired by this test method used.7.2 Equipment for preparing laboratory compaction speci-mens as required for Method A of Test Methods D 698.7.3 Graduated Cy

41、linder, 100-mL capacity, graduated to 1mL.7.4 Mixer, electric, bench, 3-speed,13-hp, 60-cycle, 115-Vmotor or other appropriate device for mixing the soil withwater.7.5 Electric Fan, or other drying device.7.6 Sieve, a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve conforming to therequirements of Specification E11.7.7 Misce

42、llaneous EquipmentBrushes, knife, mixingpans, scoop, etc., for mixing or trimming soil specimens;bucket with lid or other suitable container for retaining the testsample.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Tapwater that is free of acids, alkalies, and oils and isgenerally suitable for drinking should be us

43、ed for wetting thesoil prior to compaction.9. Hazards9.1 Safety HazardsWhile there are no safety hazardsspecific to this test method, there are safety precautions in thereferenced test designations that are applicable.9.2 Technical HazardsThe test specimens should be pre-pared and compacted as quick

44、ly as possible to minimizemoisture loss. If the test is not performed immediately, storethe sample in a moisture-proof container to prevent the loss ofmoisture. A determination of the moisture content before andafter storage is recommended.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Verify that equipmen

45、t used in conjunction with thisprocedure is currently calibrated in accordance with the appli-cable procedure. If the calibration is not current, perform thecalibration before using the equipment for this procedure.11. Procedure11.1 The procedure for performing this test method isdivided into four s

46、ections as follows:11.1.1 Obtain in-place density,11.1.2 Compact specimens and obtain compaction curve,11.1.3 Determine maximum point from compaction curve,D value, and wf wo, and11.1.4 Complete test for record.NOTE 3Since the calculations are an integral part of the procedure,the calculations are i

47、ncluded in the sections on procedure.OBTAIN IN-PLACE DENSITY11.2 Perform the test for determining in-place wet density inaccordance with Test Method D 1556, D 2167, D 6938, orD 2937. If the soil being tested contains gravel, determine thein-place wet density of the minus No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve sizefr

48、action of the soil in accordance with Practice D 4718.11.3 The soil used to determine the compaction curve is thematerial excavated during the in-place density test. While aminimum soil sample of 7 kg of minus No. 4 (4.75-mm) sievesize material is required for this test, a sample size of at least12

49、kg is recommended. The actual sample amount will dependon the percent of plus No. 4 sieve-size particles present and ifthe soil is very wet or dry of optimum moisture content.11.3.1 If the in-place density is obtained using Test MethodD 6938 (nuclear method), a representative sample of the soilbeing tested must be obtained.11.3.2 If sufficient material is not obtained from the in-placedensity test excavation, obtain additional soil from around theexcavation. The additional material must be representative ofthe soil tested for in-place density.11.3.2.1 If the i