ASTM D3370-2008 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits《从关闭水管中的抽取水样的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 3370 08Standard Practices forSampling Water from Closed Conduits1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These practices cover the equipment and methods forsampling water fr
3、om closed conduits such as process streams atpower stations for chemical, physical, microbiological, andradiological analyses. It does not cover specialized equipmentrequired for and unique to a specific test or method of analysis.The following are included:SectionsPractice AGrab Samples 9 to 17Prac
4、tice BComposite Samples 18 to 23Practice CContinual Sampling 24 to 291.2 For information on specialized sampling equipment,tests or methods of analysis, reference should be made tovolumes 11.01 and 11.02 of the Annual Book of ASTMStandards, relating to water.1.3 This standard does not purport to add
5、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardsstatements, see 8.3 and 13.4.2. Ref
6、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 106/A 106M Specification for Seamless Carbon SteelPipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 179/A 179M Specification for Seamless Cold-DrawnLow-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser TubesA 269 Specification for Seamless and Welded AusteniticStainless Steel Tubing
7、for General ServiceA 335/A 335M Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceD 1066 Practice for Sampling SteamD 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3648 Practices for the Measurement of RadioactivityD 3694 Practices for Prepa
8、ration of Sample Containers andfor Preservation of Organic ConstituentsD 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laborato-ries Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of WaterD 4453 Practice for Handling of Ultra-Pure Water SamplesD 4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD 4841 Practice for E
9、stimation of Holding Time for WaterSamples Containing Organic and Inorganic ConstituentsD 5540 Practice for Flow Control and Temperature Controlfor On-Line Water Sampling and Analysis3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions used in these practices,refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of T
10、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure regulatora device designed to main-tain a constant pressure upstream of itself (variable or fixedback pressure regulators are available) to maintain constantflow in analyzers in continual sampling.3.2.2 composite samplea series of grab samples inte-
11、grated into a single sample or a sample collected at specifictime intervals and integrated into a single sample. The goal ofa composite sample is to characterize a process weightedaverage in proportion to process parameters.3.2.3 grab samplea single sample from a process stream(flowing) or from a so
12、urce of confined geometry (stagnant)withdrawn at a specific time. The goal of withdrawing a grabsample is to obtain a small portion of the process stream orconfined geometry source in order to characterize the entiresystem.NOTE 1Contemporary designs of back pressure regulators provideexcellent sensi
13、tivity to pressure change and have eliminated the need forhead cups and the concurrent space and maintenance problems as well assample contamination potential.1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Samplin
14、g Water andWater-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of WaterCurrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3370 07.2For referenced AST
15、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
16、cken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 pressure reducera device designed to reduce pres-sure, and therefore control flow, of sample to a pressure levelwhere it can be regulated easily. This device shall be locateddownstream of the cooled sample where cooling is required.3.2.5 sample coolera small
17、heat exchanger designed toprovide primary or secondary cooling, or both, of small processsampling streams of water or steam.3.2.6 time responsethe time required for the system toreach 63.2 % of the total change between the state of initialequilibrium in response to a step change introduced at the in
18、putto the system.3.2.7 variable rod in tube orificea type of pressure re-ducer for high pressure samples that uses a retractable taperedrod inside a reamed tube to provide a variable orifice forpressure reduction that is parallel with the sample flow. Thiseliminates wear of the orifice and provides
19、variable pressurereduction and flow.4. Summary of Practices4.1 These practices include three procedures for samplecollection. The first is for the collection of a grab sample ofwater at a specific site representing conditions only at the timeof sampling. Grab sampling is the only procedure suitable
20、forbacteriological analysis and some radiological test procedures.4.2 The second practice is for collection of a compositesample at a specific site, portions of which are collected atvaried time intervals. Alternatively, the composite may consistof portions collected at various sites or a combinatio
21、n of bothsite and time variables.4.3 The third practice provides a continuously flowingsample from one or more sampling sites, suitable for on-lineanalyzers or for collecting grab samples from a continuouslyflowing sample stream.5. Significance and Use5.1 The goal of sampling is to obtain for analys
22、is a portionof the main body of water that is representative. The mostcritical factors necessary to achieve this are points of sampling,and materials selection, system design, time of sampling,frequency of sampling, and proper procedures to maintain theintegrity of the sample prior to analysis.5.2 H
23、omogeneity of the process to be sampled is frequentlylacking, necessitating multiple-point sampling. If it is imprac-tical to utilize a most-representative sampling point, it may bepractical to determine and understand interrelationships so thatresults obtained at a minimum number of points may be u
24、sedto characterize the system.5.3 Samples collected from a single point in a system arealways recognized as being non-representative to some degree.For this reason, total representativeness of samples cannot be aprerequisite to the selection of a sampling point. The degree ofrepresentativeness of th
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