ASTM D3107-2007(2015) Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns《弹力纱机织物拉伸性能的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D3107 07 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Methods forStretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover

3、the determination of theamount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery offabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after aspecified tension and extension.1.2 These test methods are intended for use with wovenfabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) andgood r

4、ecovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, these test methodscan be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part fromnon-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch charac-teristics shown above.1.3 These test methods allow the use of two

5、 tension optionscommonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch,fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individuallywhen required by individual specifications.1.4 These test methods should not be used to measureb

6、reaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in TestMethod D5035.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents

7、; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the specification.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of t

8、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2904 Practice for Interlabor

9、atory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-drawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fib

10、ersD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Fabric, refer to Terminol-ogy D4850.3.2 For all terminology related to Yarns and Fiber, refer toTerminol

11、ogy D4849.3.3 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D48483.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:bench marks, fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn, tension3.4 For all other terminology related to textiles, ref

12、er toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified TensionBench marksof a known distance are made on a fabric specimen.Aspecifiedtension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribedtechnique and the resulting distance between bench markswhile the specimen is unde

13、r the tension is measured. The fabric1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods, General. Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September2015. Originally approved in 1975. L

14、ast previous edition approved in 2011 asD310707(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D3107-07R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

15、onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1stretch is calculated from the length difference between benchmarks prior to applic

16、ation of the tension and while under thetension.4.2 Fabric Growth after a Specified TensionBench marksof a known distance are made on a fabric specimen.Aspecifiedtension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribedtechnique. The tension is removed and after various timeintervals, the relaxed dist

17、ance between the bench marks isremeasured. The fabric growth is calculated from the lengthdifference between the bench marks prior to application of thetension and after relaxation.4.3 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a SpecifiedExtensionBench marks of a known distance are made on afabric specimen.

18、 A specimen, paired to one used in the fabricstretch test, is held at a specified extension for a prescribedperiod of time. The tension is then removed from the specimenand the distance between the bench marks is measured after thespecimen has been allowed to relax for various time intervals.The fab

19、ric growth at each time interval is calculated from thedistance between the bench marks of the specimen prior tostretching and the length after each relaxation period at zerotension.4.4 Fabric Recoveryfabric recovery is calculated as thepercentage of the fabric growth recovered with respect to thefa

20、bric growth determined after tension and/or after a specifiedextension obtained at the various relaxation intervals.5. Significance and Use5.1 these test methods are used to determine the stretch,growth and recovery properties that garments made with thefabric tested may be expected to exhibit durin

21、g use.5.2 these test methods is not recommended for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,comparative tests should be

22、performed by those laboratories todetermine if there is a statistical bias between them, usingcompetent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are ashomogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test results were obtained, and are ran-domly assigned in equal num

23、bers to each laboratory for testing.The test results from the two laboratories should be comparedusing a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability levelchosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected, or future test results for thatmater

24、ial must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarnsin only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics,only the filling direction needs to be tested.6. Apparatus6.1 Stretch Testing Instrument4consisting of the following:6.1.1

25、 Frame or Board with a fixed clamp at the top.6.1.2 Separate Clamp, or other means of attaching a weightwith a known mass to the bottom of the test specimen.6.1.3 Dowel Pin, or equivalent, approximately 6 mm (14 in.)diameter6.1.4 Scale, to measure the span of bench marks on thespecimen graduated eit

26、her in units of percent of original gagelength or 1 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.1 %.6.1.5 Locking Mechanism, for the bottom clamp to maintainspecimen extension.6.2 Tensioning Weights, for each position, with an attachedhook, when combined with the clamp described in 6.1.2 andthe dowel pin described in 6.1.3 pro

27、vides a total mass of 1.8 kg(4 lb) for option 1 or 1.35 kg (3 lb) for option 2, each havingtolerances of (6 1 %).6.3 Sanforized Marker or equivalent, to make the benchmarks.6.4 Timer, with increments of at least 10 s.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,

28、 takea random number of shipping units directed in a applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric or fabriccomponents of fabricated systems to be the primary samplingunit, as applicable.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other

29、agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping units, between packages within a shipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single package to provide a sampling with ameaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level andl

30、imiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m(1yd)inlength along the selvage (machine direction),after removing a first1m(1yd)length. For fabric componentsof fabricated systems use the entire system.7.3

31、 Test Specimens and PreparationFrom each laboratorysampling unit, take three pairs of test specimens 65 by 560 mm(2.5 by 22 in.) with the long direction parallel to the testdirection. Take specimens representing a broad distributionfrom different positions diagonally across the width of thelaborator

32、y sampling unit. Label to maintain specimen identity.7.3.1 When an end -use product or garment is provided, takespecimens from different areas. That is, if the product is agarment worn on the upper body, if possible, take specimensfrom the shoulder, shirt tail, shirt back and front, and sleeve. Inso

33、me cases, the size of the specimen panels may not alwaysallow taking 560 mm (22 in.) long specimens in the testdirection.7.3.2 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take nospecimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the selvage edges ofthe laboratory sampling unit.7.3.3 For fabric widths less than 1

34、25 mm (5 in.), use theentire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.7.3.4 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, orwrinkles.Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the specimenswhen handling.4Apparatus is commercially available.D3107 07 (2015)27.3.5 If the fabric has a pattern,

35、ensure that the specimensare a representative sampling of the pattern.7.3.6 Ravel the specimens to a width of 50 6 1 mm (2.00 60.05 in.) taking approximately the same number of yarns fromeach side of the specimen.7.3.7 Fold one end of the specimen 32 mm (1.25 in.) andstitch a seam approximately 25 m

36、m (1 in.) from the fold.7.3.8 Cut a slit approximately 10 mm (38 in.) long in thecenter of the strip on the fold.7.3.9 Lay the specimen on a smooth flat surface and allowto relax for 30 minutes.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium fortesting in the standard atmosphere

37、for testing textiles asdirected in Practice D1776 or, if applicable, in the specifiedatmosphere in which the testing is to be performed.9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration9.1 Verify measuring scales and tension weights are withincalibration.10. Procedure10.1 Test the test specimens in t

38、he standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as described in Practice D1776. Handle the testspecimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of thematerial.10.2 Place bench marks at least 250 6 1mm(106 0.05 in.)apart in the center of the specimen.10.3 Fabric Stretch after applying a Specified

39、Tension:10.3.1 Select the tension option (1) 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) or (2)1.35 kg (3 lb) as directed in a material specification or contractorder. In the absence of a material specification or contractorder use option 1.10.3.2 Clamp the end of one specimen in the top clamp ofthe stretch tester so that the

40、folded and sewn loop end hangsfreely.10.3.3 Measure and record the distance between the benchmarks to the nearest 1 % or 1 mm (0.05 in.) and record asDistance O1(original before tension is applied).10.3.4 Insert a dowel pin, or equivalent, through the loopand place the tension weight hook through th

41、e slit in the foldand over the dowel pin, thereby providing the specified tensionto the specimen.10.3.5 Pre-stress the specimen slowly by cycling 3 timesbetween 0 and the total tension specified. A complete cycleshould take approximately5sofwhich the specimen is underthe specified tension for approx

42、imately 3 s.10.3.5.1 Following the third cycle, apply the specifiedtension for a fourth time and measure the fabric stretch asdirected in 10.3.6.10.3.6 Determine fabric stretch after specified tension asapplicable to a material specification or contract order asdirected in 10.3.6.1 through 10.3.6.2.

43、 Measure the distance(fabric stretch) between the bench marks to the nearest 1 % oforiginal gage length while the fabric is under the specifiedtension as follows. In the absence of a material specification orcontract order, use 10.3.6.2.10.3.6.1 Immediately (within 10 s). Record as distance A.10.3.6

44、.2 After 30 6 1 min Record as distance B.10.4 Fabric Growth after applying a Specified Tension:10.4.1 After following the directions in 10.3, remove thetension weight and allow to recover without tension. Deter-mine fabric growth after specified tension as applicable to amaterial specification or co

45、ntact order as directed in 10.4.1.1 10.4.1.5. Measure the distance between bench marks to thenearest 1 % of original gage length after the tension is removedas follows. In the absence of a material specification or contractorder, use 10.4.1.2.10.4.1.1 Immediate (within 10 s) Record as distance C.10.

46、4.1.2 After 30 6 1 s record as distance D.10.4.1.3 After 30 6 1 min. record as distance E.10.4.1.4 After 1 h 6 1 min. record as distance F.10.4.1.5 After 2 h 6 1 min. record as distance G.10.4.2 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continueas directed in section 10.3 and 10.4 until 3 specimens

47、havebeen tested for each laboratory sampling unit.10.5 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified Exten-sion:10.5.1 Place the second specimen of the pair in the stretchtesting equipment as directed in 10.3.1, then measure andrecord the distance between the bench marks to the nearest 1 %of origina

48、l gage and record as Distance O2(original beforestretch).10.5.2 Extend the specimen 85 % of the average fabricstretch calculated in 11.1.1, Eq 2 and hold for a period of 30 61 min. Record as distance H.10.5.3 After 30 6 1 min, release the specimen from thebottom clamp and allow it to hang freely.10.

49、5.4 Determine fabric growth after extension as appli-cable to a material specification or contract order as directed in10.5.4.1 10.5.4.4. Measure the distance between bench marksto the nearest 1 % of original gage length after the tension isremoved as follows. In the absence of a material specificationor contract order, use 10.5.4.2.10.5.4.1 after 30 6 1 s. record as distance I.10.5.4.2 after 30 6 1 min. record as distance J.10.5.4.3 after 1 h 6 1 min. record as distance K.10.5.4.4 after 2 h 6 1 min. record as distance L.10.5.5 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and