ASTM D2653-2007(2018) Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines).pdf

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1、Designation: D2653 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type TensileTesting Machines)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case

2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensileproperties of “as produced” elastome

3、ric yarns made fromnatural rubber, spandex or other elastomers, using a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine. Theproperties included in this test method are: (1) force at firstfilament break, (2) tenacity at first filament break, (3) elonga-tion at first filament break, (4)

4、work to break at first filamentbreak, and (5) toughness at first filament break.1.2 This test method does not apply to covered, wrapped, orcore-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns in therange from 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier

5、).1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customaryunits are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text,the U.S. Customary units are given in parentheses. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.1.

6、5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1

7、.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to

8、Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD2591 Test Method for Linear Density of Ela

9、stomeric Yarns(Short Length Specimens)D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD6717 Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns(Skein Specimens)3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarn

10、s andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:elastomeric yarn, elongation, force, linear density, tenacity,toughness, work, work to break.3.2 For definitions of other terms related to force anddeformation, refer to Terminology D4848. For all other t

11、ermi-nology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is clamped in a CRE-type tensile testingmachine and extended to rupture. Force at first filament breakand elongation at first filament break, work and toughness arecalculated from a force-elongation cu

12、rve or with an interfacedcomputer. Tenacity at first filament break can be calculatedbased on the determined linear density of the yarn. Otherproperties, such as force at specified elongation (FASE),elongation at specified force (EASF), may also be calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test met

13、hod is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments since current estimatesof between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the methodis used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test r

14、esults for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparativetests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same1This test method is

15、 under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1967. Discontinued 1979 and reinstated as D2653 79. Last previous editionapproved in 2

16、012 as D2653 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2653-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright AS

17、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Sta

18、ndards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laborato

19、riesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The forc

20、e at first filament break of elastomeric yarnsmay depend on its construction and manufacturing process andprovides an indication of the breaking strength of fabrics madefrom the yarn.5.3 Elongation is an indication of the ability of a fiber toabsorb energy. The elongation of yarn or fabric must be g

21、reatenough to withstand strains experienced in processing and enduse, and to absorb the energies of applied forces repeatedly.5.4 Fabric manufacturers use force and elongation informa-tion of elastomeric yarns in determining machine set-upconditions.5.5 Other parameters such as elongation at specifi

22、ed force(EASF), force (or tenacity) at specified elongation (FASE,TASE), work and toughness may be calculated from force-elongation curves. EASF and FASE information is needed fortests involving cycling of yarn in determination of elasticproperties.5.6 This test method was developed using elastomeri

23、c yarnsin the “as-produced” condition, but may be used for treatedelastomeric yarns provided the treatment is specified. Themethod does not cover the removal of finish for determinationof tensile properties of “finish-free” elastomeric yarns.6. Apparatus36.1 Specimen Boards, with short pile or plush

24、 surfaces orblack or contrasting color, for storing specimens during con-ditioning.6.2 Tensile Testing Machine, CRE-type, conforming toSpecification D76 with respect to force indication, workingrange, capacity and verification of recorded elongation, anddesigned for operation at a pulling speed of 5

25、00 mm/min(20 in.min) or 1000 % extension per min.6.3 Clamping Assembly, pneumatically operated, with jawfaces as described in 6.3.1 or 6.3.2.6.3.1 Option A, PreferredOne jaw with a flat acrylic facenominally 25 mm 12.5 mm (1 in. 0.5 in.) and the opposingjaw approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) wide with

26、a convexapproximately 7.1 mm (0.28 in.) radius, steel or chrome face.6.3.2 Option BOne jaw with a flat, steel or chrome facenominally 25 mm 12.5 mm (1 in. 0.5 in.) and the opposingjaw approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) wide with a convexapproximately 8.5 mm (0.375 in.) radius acrylic face.6.4 Computer

27、or Microprocessor, interfaced, with automaticdata gathering system, optional.6.5 Tensioning Weights, with various masses from 10 mg to3 g as required to pretension the specimen to 30 to 50 mN/tex(0.3 to 0.5 mgf/d) before testing.6.6 Air Supply, capable of providing 415 kPa (60 psi) to thepneumatic c

28、lamps.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takea random number of shipping units directed in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use PracticeD2258. Consider

29、 shipping cases or other shipping units to bethe primary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,and between specimens f

30、rom a single package to provide a sampling witha meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality leveland limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take at random from each shipping unit in the lotsample the number of packages directed

31、in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use PracticeD2258. Preferably, take the same number of packages fromeach of the shipping units, determine at random which shippingunits are to have each number of packages for t

32、esting.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each package or end in thelaboratory sample, take specimens as directed in 7.3.1.7.3.1 Remove the outer layer of yarn from the package.Avoid any damaged areas in selecting segments for testing.Carefully unwind yarn from the package with as low as tensionas possible to a

33、void stretching. As test specimens, cut approxi-mately 125 mm (5 in.) long segments of yarn from eachpackage, taking them at intervals of at least1m(1yd). Threeof the six specimens are used as spare to allow for unacceptablebreaks, such as caused by slippage or breaking in the clamps.7.4 Determine t

34、he tex (denier) of the yarn for each labora-tory sample using Test Method D2591 or Test Method D6717.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Prepare and verify the calibration of the tensile testingmachine as directed in the manufacturers instructions.8.2 Set up and adjust the CRE-type tensile testing machin

35、eas follows:8.2.1 Examine the acrylic jaw face of the clamps for wearand replace as needed. Position the clamp faces with theircontact line horizontal.8.2.2 Set the distance between clamps, (gage length) to 506 1mm(26 0.05 in.), nip to nip.NOTE 2A convenient technique for checking the gage length is

36、 toplace a piece of carbon paper and white paper in the clamps and close theclamps. The distance between the marks made on the white paper by thecarbon paper represents the set gage length.8.2.3 Use a force measuring system such that the breakingforce will fall between 30 and 80 percent of its full

37、scalecapacity.3Apparatus and accessories are commercially available. Clamps may need to bemodified to accept jaw faces and attachment to some tensile testing machine.D2653 07 (2018)28.2.4 Set the crosshead speed to 500 mm/min (20 in./min) or1000 % extension per min.8.2.5 Set the extension measuring

38、system as follows:8.2.5.1 When using a chart recorder, set the chart speed to500 mm/min (20 in./min). Not needed with computer inter-faced testing machines.8.2.5.2 When using an interfaced computer ormicroprocessor, set parameters to obtain selected propertiesusing suppliers directions and Specifica

39、tion D76.8.2.6 Set air pressure for pneumatic clamps to 415 kPa(60 psi). At this pressure, the clamping force is approximately450 N (100 lb).9. Conditioning9.1 No preconditioning is required. for currently producedrubber yarns and other elastomeric yarns.9.2 Condition the specimens relaxed on specim

40、en boards inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed inPractice D1776 which is 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) and 65 6 2%relative humidity for a minimum of 4 h.10. Procedure10.1 Test the relaxed specimens in the standard atmospherefor testing textiles.NOTE 3The force measuring system should be ze

41、roed prior to runningany specimens and periodically during the course of the test, particularlyif drift is observed in the zero value of the force measuring system.10.2 Select the appropriate pretensioning weight based onthe linear density of the yarn that will provide a 30 to 50mN/tex (0.3 to 0.5 m

42、gf/d) tension to the yarn.10.3 Attach the selected tensioning weight (10.2)tothespecimen such that when the specimen is place in the lowerclamp, the tensioning weight will hang freely.10.4 Position a specimen centrally between the top clampfaces and close the clamp. Ensure that the tensioning weight

43、 ishanging freely below the botton clamp.10.5 Close the lower clamp and remove the tensioningweight.10.6 Start the tester and observe the specimen behavior.Record the breaking force when the first filament break isobserved.10.6.1 If the specimen breaks within 3 mm (0.13 in.) ofeither jaw, or the sli

44、ppage is indicated by a leveling in the forcedirection with abnormally high elongation, discard the resultand test another specimen from the same package.10.6.2 If many specimens exhibit what appears to beslippage, replace the acrylic jaw face and retest.10.7 Remove the specimen and continue testing

45、 until a totalof 3 specimens have been tested for each laboratory samplingunit.11. Calculation or Interpretation of Results11.1 Force at First Filament BreakCalculate the Force atFirst Filament Break (FFB) as follows:11.1.1 Read the force at FFB value to the nearest 0.1 cN (0.1gf) from the force elo

46、ngation curve and record the value.NOTE 4In elastomeric yarns, FFB is the first on the force-elongationcurve that is followed by a drop in force of at least 5 % of the force at thatpoint for this specimen or the equivalent in a computer algorithm.11.1.2 Calculate the average force at FFB for each la

47、bora-tory sampling unit and for the lot.11.2 Tenacity at First Filament BreakCalculate the Tenac-ity at First Filament break as follows:11.2.1 Calculate the tenacity at FFB for each specimen tothe nearest 0.1 cN/tex (0.01 gf/d), using Eq 1.T 5 F/D (1)where:T = tenacity at FFB, cN/tex (gf/d),F = forc

48、e at FFB, cN (gf), andD = average linear density, tex (denier).11.2.2 Calculate the average breaking tenacity for eachlaboratory sampling unit and for the lot.11.3 Percent Elongation at First Filament BreakCalculatethe Percent Elongation at First Filament Break as follows:11.3.1 Read the elongation

49、at the force at FFB value foreach specimen to the nearest 0.1 % from the force-elongationcurves.11.3.1.1 If force-extension curves are used, determine theextension corresponding to the force at FFB and calculate thepercent elongation at FFB, using Eq 2.E 5 100 3 L/G (2)where:E = elongation at FFB, %,L = the extension (distance on the extension axis from theorigin to the extension line corresponding to the force atFFB), mm (in.), andG = the nominal gage length, mm (in.).11.3.2 Calculate the average percent elongation at FFB foreach laboratory sampling