ASTM B678-1986(2017) Standard Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-Coated Products《金属涂覆产品的软钎焊性标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: B678 86 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forSolderability of Metallic-Coated Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B678; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a procedure for evaluating thesolderability of metallic-coated products and test specimens toassure s

3、atisfactory performance in manufacturing processesrequiring soldering with soft (tin-lead) solder and rosin flux.This test method is applicable only for testing coatings that arenormally readily solderable such as: tin, tin-lead alloy, silver,and gold.1.2 This test method is qualitative and broadly

4、applicable. Itis easy to perform and requires only simple equipment. Thereare other solderability tests not covered by this test method thatare more applicable to specific situations, yield quantitativeresults, or both. Several are described in the literature.2This isa “go-no-go” test and does not g

5、rade solderability as excellent,good, fair, and so forth.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish

6、 appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for th

7、eDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B32 Specification for Solder MetalD509 Test Methods of Sampling and Grading RosinD1193 Specification for R

8、eagent Water3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The specimen to be tested is coated with rosin flux,dipped briefly into molten tin-lead solder, and examined forcomplete and uniform coverage by the solder. When specifi-cally required, the specimens are artificially aged before testingby exposure to hot, hum

9、id air.4. Significance and Use4.1 In order that a sound solder joint be formed simply andquickly in a production operation, the molten solder mustreadily wet and spread over the surfaces of the products beingjoined. For this to happen, the surfaces must be clean or besoiled only with contaminants th

10、at are easily removed by anappropriate flux. It often is necessary that the flux be onlystrong enough to remove the normally occurring soils. A moreaggressive flux may corrode the product and have otherharmful effects. Nonactivated rosin in alcohol is the standardflux used in this test method; howev

11、er, provision is made forthe use of other fluxes. Since rosin is a mild flux, it providesbetter discrimination between acceptable and unacceptablesolderability in marginal cases than do more active fluxes.4.2 Metallic coatings are frequently used to provide solder-able surfaces. But, an improperly p

12、roduced coating may notyield the required solderability. There are many coating defectsthat cause poor solderability including porosity, codepositedimpurities, incorrect thickness, and surface contamination. Itmay be difficult or impractical to test a coating directly for eachof the undesirable cond

13、itions. In these instances solderability istested. Products that pass the solderability test can be expected1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 onTest Methods.Current edition approv

14、ed Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B678 86 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/B0678-86R17.2Long, J. B., “A Critical Review of Solderability Testing,” in Properties ofElectrodeposits, Their Measurement and Significance, edited by Richard S

15、ard,Henry Leidheiser, Jr., and Fielding Ogburn, The Electrochemical Society, 1975.Harding, W. B., “Solderability Testing,” Plating, Vol 52, No. 10, October 1965,pp. 971981.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An

16、nual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally

17、 recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1to solder satisfactorily in production. In the case of fai

18、lure topass the test, the test results will not reveal the cause of theinadequate solderability, though, with experience, an operatormay be able to identify the cause.4.3 This test method measures the ability of a coatedproduct to be soldered with 60/40 tin/lead solder using anonactivated rosin flux

19、. This solder and this flux, or anactivated form of it, are generally used in the assembly ofelectronic products.4.4 It is intended that the tested specimens be componentsof electronic products or articles with the same general shapeand mass. Articles that are much more massive than this willheat up

20、 too slowly during the solder immersion. If moremassive specimens are to be tested, a longer immersion timewill have to be used, the time to be determined by experiment.4.5 If the specimen tested is longer than 25 mm, its bottomend will be in the solder for significantly longer than thespecified tim

21、e. Therefore, if the specimen is longer than 25mm, the results obtained at the bottom end of the specimen areinvalid. This part of the specimen shall be discounted in theevaluation of the results. A second set of tests can be run onadditional specimens in which the specimens are only partlyimmersed.

22、 These would be used to evaluate the bottom ends.5. Flux5.1 The flux shall be a 25 6 5 mass % solution ofwater-white rosin, as defined by Test Methods D509, GradeWW, dissolved in isopropyl alcohol of a minimum purity of 99mass % (Note 1).Adifferent flux, such as mildly activated andactivated rosin f

23、luxes, may be used if the specifying authorityrequires it. Such deviation from the standard shall be stated inthe test report.NOTE 1Suitable fluxes are commercially available. Care must betaken that the commercial flux used is nonactivated, rosin flux. Commer-cial fluxes of higher concentration may

24、be thinned with isopropyl alcoholto give the required concentration.5.2 Solder:5.2.1 The solder shall be an alloy of 60 mass % tin and 40mass % lead that conforms to alloy Grade 60Aof SpecificationB32.5.2.2 The composition of molten solder will graduallychange because of oxidation. Also, the immersi

25、on of testspecimens can introduce metallic impurities into the solder. Forthese reasons, the solder shall be replaced after being moltenfor 8 h unless chemical analysis shows it to meet the require-ments of 5.2.1.5.3 WaterThe water used in the aging chamber shall bedistilled or deionized water meeti

26、ng the requirements for TypeII or Type III reagent water as defined in Specification D1193.6. Sampling6.1 The nature and the number of specimens shall be givenby the specification covering the coating or the coated productor other governing document.7. Apparatus7.1 Solder Pot, large enough that when

27、 it is filled to itsnormal capacity the mass of the solder is at least 100 times themass of the specimen that will be tested.NOTE 2If there is insufficient solder in the pot, the immersion of aroom-temperature specimen will cool the solder out of the test range.8. Procedure8.1 Do not clean the speci

28、mens. The solderability test is tobe performed on them in their as-received condition. If in thenormal production process the specimens are cleaned beforethey are soldered, it may be preferred to clean the testspecimens in the same way. If such cleaning is required, it shallbe specifically called fo

29、r. Avoid contaminating the specimens.Particularly do not touch the areas to be tested with bare hands.Use tweezers, forceps, cotton gloves, or other appropriatemeans.8.2 For tin and tin-lead coatings, if it is required that thespecimens be aged before solderability testing, proceed asdirected in 8.3

30、. If the specimens are not to be aged, start thetests with 8.5.8.3 Suspend the specimens in a vessel above boiling waterand leave them there with the water boiling continuously for 24h. Keep the vessel covered and assure that the specimens donot touch the side of the vessel and that the lower edges

31、of thespecimens are from 50 to 100 mm above the surface of theboiling water. Arrange the cover of the vessel and thecondenser, if used, so that the condensed water does not driponto the specimens.8.4 Remove the aged specimens from the vessel and allowthem to air-dry and air-cool.8.5 Perform the rema

32、ining steps on each specimen one at atime. Dip the specimen into the flux. Remove it and allow it todrain for 30 to 60 s.8.6 Just before the next step, skim the surface of the moltensolder with a clean stainless steel scraper, stir the solder with aclean stainless steel rod, and skim the surface aga

33、in. Thetemperature of the solder shall be 245 6 5C.8.7 Immerse the specimen into the solder at a speed of 25 65 mm/s, hold it in the solder for 5 6 0.5 s, and remove it fromthe solder at a speed of 25 6 5 mm/s.NOTE 3The simplicity of the test can cause a casual attitude towardthe times and rates spe

34、cified. Unless the operator adheres to the times andrates, a significant variability in the results can occur. There are commer-cial automated dipping devices that, if used, will eliminate operatorvariability.8.8 After the solder coating solidifies, remove the fluxresidue with isopropyl alcohol or o

35、ther solvent.8.9 Examine the solder coating on the specimen using, ifnecessary, up to 10 magnification. Evaluate the adherence ofthe coating by probing or scraping it with a sharp point or asharp blade.8.10 The specimen shall be judged to have passed the test ifthe solder coating is adherent, bright

36、, smooth, and uniformover at least 95 % of the tested surface. The remaining 5 %B678 86 (Reapproved 2017)2may contain small pin holes, dewetted areas, and roughness. Ifthe specimens are flat coupons, the areas within 3 mm of theedges shall be excluded from the evaluation. It is recom-mended that tes

37、ted specimens exhibiting the worst allowablecases be retained and used as acceptance standards.9. Report9.1 The test report shall contain the following information:9.1.1 The ASTM designation, including the issue date, ofthis method,9.1.2 A description of the specimens tested,9.1.3 Whether the specim

38、ens were cleaned before testing,and, if so, the process used (see 8.1),9.1.4 Whether the specimens were aged,9.1.5 Whether the test was performed manually or with anautomatic dip tester,9.1.6 Any deviations from the standard method (forexample, nature of flux, nature of solder, time of immersion),9.

39、1.7 The number of specimens tested and the number ofspecimens that failed the test, and9.1.8 A description of the nature of any failed specimens.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No statement is made either on the precision or on thebias of this test method for measuring solderability because thetest resul

40、ts merely state whether there is conformance to thecriteria for success specified in the procedure.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter

41、mination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or

42、withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that

43、 your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (

44、single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 86 (Reapproved 2017)3