剑桥商务英语中级-93及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语中级-93 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)AOne of the more discernible trends in the financial-service industry in recent times has been the adoption of programs designed to encourage more personalized relationships between an institutions employees and

2、its clients, particularly those clients who are major depositors. The expression most commonly used to describe this type of program is “relationship banking“.BIn relationship banking the emphasis is on establishing a long-term multiple-service relationship; on satisfying the totality of the clients

3、 financial-service needs; on minimizing the needs or desires of clients to splinter their financial business among various institutions.CImplicit within any definition of relationship banking is recognition that the financial-service requirements of one individual or relatively homogeneous group wil

4、l likely be substantially different from those of another individual or group. A successful relationship banking program is, therefore, dependent in a large part on the development of a series of financial-service “packages“, each designed to meet the needs of identifiable homogeneous groups.DAnothe

5、r dimension of relationship banking is the development of highly personalized relationships between employee and client. In most financial institutions today the client is serviced by an employee who happens to be free at the time, regardless of the nature of the transaction. Personalized relationsh

6、ips are therefore difficult to establish. In a full relationship banking program, however, the client knows there is one individual within the institution who has intimate knowledge of the clients requirements and preferences regarding complex transactions.（分数：7.00）(1).All kinds of financial needs a

7、re met in relationship banking system.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Employees in relationship banking are dealing with different businesses respectively.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Banking is becoming more personal, which is easily recognized.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The necessary first step in instituting relationship ba

8、nk is recognizing the special needs of groups and individuals.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).One of the main aims of this type of banking is to encourage clients to keep all their business with a single bank.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The relationship banking programs have already been used.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).A clie

9、nt may develop a high level of confidence in certain employee.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：5.00)MACROECONOMIC POLICIESFor most countries, the following four principal objectives of economic policy would apply: (1) Maintenance of employment at a high level. (2) Stable prices. (3) Economic grow

10、th. (4) Balance of payments equilibrium. These objectives are sometimes extremely difficult to achieve. A high level of employment, for example, tended to push wages and hence prices up. It also created an imbalance between exports and imports. Furthermore the competition among firms for labor tende

11、d to reduce labor productivity since workers were not always fully employed.Government will differ in the emphasis they place on each of the above objectives. (8) . At times when inflation was high, great stress was placed on bringing it down, but this had severe effects on jobs and on economic grow

12、th. The pursuit of an expansionary policy very often resulted in an increase in GDP and a fall in the level of unemployment; but was accompanied by a marked rise in the rate of inflation and a serious balance of payments deficit.In carrying out its economic policy, the government uses two principal

13、means-fiscal policy and monetary policy. (9) Monetary policy is broadly neutral in its effects whilst fiscal and other measures can be used more discriminately-the redistribution of incomes and lower rates of corporation tax for small businesses are two examples.Government regulation of the money su

14、pply is important for economic stability. Banks will wish to keep excess reserves when they do not foresee profitable and secure opportunities to make loans. This is likely to happen during the downswing and around the bottom of a business contraction. (10) During a recession, profit-oriented banks

15、tend to reduce the money supply by increasing their excessive reserves if the central banks did not intervene. (11) .On the other hand, banks will want to squeeze possible money supply out of any given amount of cash reserves by keeping their reserves at the bare minimum when the demand for bank loa

16、ns is buoyant, profits are high, and many investments suddenly start to look profitable. (12) The authorities must intervene to prevent this. The monetary authorities can exercise monetary control in two ways: either they can attempt to control interest (i. e. the price of money) or they can endeavo

17、r to control the money supply.A Fiscal policy is concerned with taxation, subsidies and government spending; monetary policy, in contrast, is concerned with interest rates, the money supply and bank lending.B As the money supply is an important influence on aggregate demand such a contraction of mon

18、ey supply would exacerbate the severity of the recession.C This reduced incentive to hold excess reserves in prosperous times means that during an economic boom, the behavior of profit-oriented banks is likely to make the money supply expand, adding undesirable momentum to the booming economy and pa

19、ving the way for a burst of inflation.D These objectives are sometimes extremely difficult to achieve.E When this occurs, the prosperity of banks to hold excess reserves will turn the money creation process into one of the money destruction.F For many years the main emphasis was on employment and ba

20、lance of payments, but this adversely affected the pursuit of stable prices and economic growth.G When adopting monetary policy, the central bank usually takes action to change the equilibrium of the money market, that is, to alter the money supply, move the interest rate, or do both.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:

21、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)THE DIFFICULTIES OF MANAGING A SMALL BUSINESS“The organizational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic.“ Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seem

22、s to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialized body of wisdom, or possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial o

23、r small businesses has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by ma

24、nagement in big businesses. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about businesses and in selling advice to businesses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred t

25、o adapt to changing circumstances.The organizational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true-that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are business most

26、 important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters.

27、Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit. Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been su

28、spicious about the latest management solution. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatienc

29、e with management solutions does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of

30、a group of leaders can prove to be enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leaders problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. There is an organization called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom

31、are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a moderator, an independently selected businessman or businesswoman wh

32、o has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being dis

33、covered.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B.The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C.They find it difficult to attract staffs with sufficient expe

34、rtise.D.They could learn from the organizational skills of managers in large companies.(2).According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?（分数：1.00）A.Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently.B.The requirements of big businesses have always taken

35、 priority.C.It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D.Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses.(3).What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?（分数：1.00）A.Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to fina

36、nce growth.B.Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C.Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.D.Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.(4).What does the writer say is an additi

37、onal problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.They rely on management systems that are out of date.B.They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions.C.They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D.They do not take market changes into account

38、 when drawing up business plans.(5).What does the writer say the members of the KITE organization provide?（分数：1.00）A.Advice on how to select suitable staff.B.A means of contacting potential clients.C.A simple checklist for analyzing problems.D.Direct experience of a number of industries.(6).The writ

39、er says that KITE groups are likely to succeed because _.（分数：1.00）A.members are able to elect their leaderB.the leaders have received extensive trainingC.members are encouraged to adopt a critical approachD.information is not passed on to non-members五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Robots at WorkThe newsp

40、aper production process has come a long way from the old days when the paper was written, edited, typeset and ultimately printed in one building with the journalists working on the upper floors and the printing (19) going on the ground floor. These days the editors, sub-editors and journalists who p

41、ut the paper together are (20) to find themselves in a totally different building or maybe even in a different city. This is the (21) which now prevails in Sydney. The daily paper is complied at the editorial headquarters, known as the pre-press centre, in the heart of the city but printed far away

42、in the suburbs at the printing centre. Her human beings are in the (22) as much of the work is done by automated machines controlled by computers. (23) the finished newspaper has been created for the next mornings edition, all the pages are (24) electronically from pre-press centre to the printing c

43、entre. The system of transmission is an update on the sophisticated page facsimile system already in use on many (25) newspapers. An image-setter at the printing centre delivers the pages as films. Each page (26) less than one minute to produce, although for color pages four versions are used, one e

44、ach for black, cyan, magenta and yellow. The pages are then processed into photographic negatives and the film is used to produce aluminum printing plates (27) for the presses.A procession of automated vehicles is busy at the new printing centre where the Sydney Morning Herald is printed each day. W

45、ith (28) flashing and warning horns honking, the robots look for all the world like enthusiastic machines from a science-fiction movie, as they follow their random paths around the (29) busily getting on with their jobs. Automation of this kind is now (30) in all modern newspaper plants. The robots

46、can (31) unauthorized personnel and alert (32) staff immediately if they find an intruder and not surprisingly, tall tales are already being told about the machines starting to take on (33) of their own.（分数：15.00）A.pressesB.sessionsC.plansD.schedulesA.sorryB.likelyC.forcedD.expectantA.moodB.sampleC.

47、situationD.environmentA.vastB.plentyC.minorityD.body,A.OnceB.BeforeC.WhileD.UntilA.playedB.poweredC.broughtD.transmittedA.otherB.anotherC.oneD.everyA.asksB.putsC.managesD.takesA.dealingB.askingC.attractiveD.readyA.tablesB.cardsC.lightsD.wordsA.ceremonyB.plantC.spaceD.officeA.disappearingB.refusedC.s

48、eldomD.standardA.detectB.senseC.writeD.doA.recruitingB.securityC.companyD.theirA.familiesB.personalitiesC.functionsD.movements六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Shop-local Group Offers Economic Impact FiguresCan If consumers in Hillsborough County can limited their spending on one SaturdayCorrect to indepen

49、dent, locally owned businesses instead of chain stores, more than34 17 million would even remain in the local economy instead of being shipped to35 outside corporations as overnight deposits. So it say representatives of the36 Tampa Independent Business Alliance, who base their calculation on studies that37 made by the American Independent Business Alliance. The national study f