【考研类试卷】考研英语210及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语 210及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work is well done, a -|_|- of accident-fr

2、ee operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others d

3、epend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|- . The fewer the injury -|_|- , the be

4、tter the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies -|_|- low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them -|_|- and active. When the work

5、 is well done, a -|_|- of accident-free operations is established -|_|- time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may -|_|- greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practice

6、s by -|_|- roles or s. -|_|- others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety -|_|-

7、. The fewer the injury -|_|- , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at -|_|- or at a loss. （分数：1.00）A.atB.inC.onD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. (1) effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife (2) possible reason for the e

8、ffect (3) your suggestion for wildlife protection (1) effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife (2) possible reason for the effect (3) your suggestion for wildlife protection* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)While disease is present prior to social organization, commu

9、nal life creates special hazards. While the organization of society can reduce the dangers of disease, trade and urbanization, with their consequent problems of sanitation and pollution, can also aggravate such dangers. Even in the mid-twentieth century, during the brief calm between the polio and A

10、IDS epidemics, epidemic health risks associated with carcinogens (cancer-producing substances ) from polluted air threatened the industrialized world. To the economist, efforts to combat these risks are at least partially public goods. The benefits from public goods are indivisible among beneficiari

11、es. A sole private purchaser of health care would give others in society a “free ride“ with respect to the benefits obtained. To market theorists, such goods are lawful objects of governmental intervention in the market. While the theory of public goods helps explain aspects of public health law and

12、 assists in fitting it into modern economic theory, it omits a critical point. Ill health is not a mere byproduct of economic activity, but an inevitable occurrence of human existence. As a result, wherever there is human society, there will be public health. Every society has to face the risks of d

13、isease. And because it must, every society searches to make disease comprehensible within the context of the societys own particular culture, religion, or science. In this sense, health care is public not only because its benefits are indivisible and threats to it arise from factors outside of the i

14、ndividual but also because communal life gives individuals the cultural context in which to understand it. Governments typically have assumed an active role with respect to health care, acting as if their role were obligatory. How governments have fulfilled that duty has varied throughout time and a

15、cross societies, according not only to the wealth and scientific sophistication of the culture but also to its fundamental values-because health is defined in part by a communitys belief system, public health measures will necessarily reflect cultural norms and values. Those who criticize the United

16、 States government today for not providing health care to all citizens equate the provision of health care with insurance coverage for the costs of medical expenses. By this standard, seventeenth and eighteenth-century America lacked any significant conception of public health law. However, despite

17、the general paucity (scarcity) of bureaucratic organization in pre-industrial America, the vast extent of health regulation and provision stands out as remarkable. Of course, the public role in the protection and regulation of eighteenth-century health was carried out in ways quite different from th

18、ose today. Organizations responsible for health regulation were less stable than modern bureaucracies ,tending to appear in crises and fade away in periods of calm. The focus was on epidemics which were seen as unnatural and warranting a response ,not to the many prevalent and chronic conditions whi

19、ch were accepted as part and parcel of daily life. Additionally ,and not surprisingly ,religious influence was significant ,especially in the seventeenth century. Finally, in an era which lacked sharp divisions between private and governmental bodies, many public responsibilities were carried out by

20、 what we would now consider private associations. Nevertheless, the extent of public health regulation long before the dawn of the welfare state is remarkable and suggests that the founding generations assumptions about the relationship between government and health were more complex than commonly a

21、ssumed. （分数：1.00）(1).The authors primary purpose is to（分数：0.20）A.comment on the government role in health-care provision.B.argue about the social organizations tasks concerning health care.C.trace the historical development of the national health-care system.D.discuss the societal duty to make provi

22、sion against epidemic diseases.(2).The author mentions all of the following as causes of epidemic diseases EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.expanding international trade.B.rapid general urbanization.C.inadequate sanitation facilities.D.poor preventive measures.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main poin

23、t of the last paragraph?（分数：0.20）A.The government precautions against diseases have failed many critics.B.The government should spare no efforts on preventing epidemic diseases.C.History witnessed government contribution to the provision of health care.D.Health problems prior to the welfare state ar

24、ose largely for lack of funds(4).Health care is inherently a public concern for all of the following reasons EXCLUDING（分数：0.20）A.the indivisibility of its benefits among its receivers.B.the impact of societal factors on the individuals health.C.the government obligation to provide health care for it

25、s people.D.the comprehension of disease within a particular cultural context.(5).Which of the following finds the LEAST support in the text?（分数：0.20）A.Government involvement in health care is characterized by action.B.Philosophical considerations weigh less in making health policies.C.Health organiz

26、ations took common diseases as an essential part of daily life.D.Modern public health agencies provide comprehensive protection against most diseases.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in

27、 the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain k

28、ind of job is a technical education. Justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather,we have a certain conception of the Ame

29、rican citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that

30、 some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheer

31、y outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the fight

32、kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many busin

33、essmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional traini

34、ng might be the way to go since well- developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course,the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one want

35、ed to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, and entirely different story. Basic computer skills take-at the very longest-a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skillsthat are necessary to becoming any kind of professional.

36、 It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. （分数：1.00）(1).The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_.（分数：0.25）A.far-reachingB.dubiously orientedC.serf-contradictoryD.radically reformatory(2).The belief

37、that education is indispensable to all children _.（分数：0.25）A.is indicative of a pessimism in disguiseB.came into being along with the arrival of computersC.is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education advocatesD.originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries(3).It could b

38、e inferred from the passage that in the authors country the European model of professional training is_.（分数：0.25）A.dependent upon the starting age of candidatesB.worth trying in various social sectionsC.of little practical valueD.attractive to every kind of professional(4).According to the author, b

39、asic computer skills should be_.（分数：0.25）A.included as an auxiliary course in schoolB.highlighted in acquisition of professional qualificationsC.mastered through a life-long courseD.equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwiseWhy do so many Americans distrust what they read in their new

40、spapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and

41、grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day s events. In other wor

42、ds, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates“ of the news

43、room seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Am

44、ericans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods,have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work te

45、nds to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining

46、one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultu

47、ral and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. （分数：1.00）(1). What is the passage mainly about?（分数：0.

48、25）A.Needs of the readers all over the word.B.Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.C.Origins of the declining newspaper industry.D.Aims of a journalism credibility project.(2).The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be_.（分数：0.25）A.quite trustworthyB.somewhat contradictoryC.very illuminatingD.rather superficial(3). The basic problem of journalists as pointed o