（江苏专用）2020版高考英语新增分大一轮复习语法专题全辑专题七情态动词和虚拟语气讲义牛津译林版.doc

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1、1专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的核心考点1.can，be able to 和 could(1)can和 be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但 can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用 could而用was/were able to来表示。这时 was/were able to 相当于 managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。Her mother can speak French.The wounded man was still able to get to the village and wa

2、s saved by the villagers in the end.(2)表示猜测“可能” ，一般用于疑问句和否定句。Can the news be true?It cant be true.Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会” 。Anybody can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用 could代替 can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now?Could I come to see you tomor

3、row?Yes，you can.(否定答语可用 No，Im afraid not.)2(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be true？I cant believe my eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只有；cant but 不得不；cant.too 再也不为过，越越好I can but wait.I cant but wait.You cant be too patient to the customers.题组训练 1用 can，co

4、uld，be able to 的适当形式填空1.Though the building was on fire，they were able to go out safely.2.It cant be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.3.Hows your new babysitter?We could not ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.4.The police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing

5、all they can.5.You cant be too careful when driving.2.may和 might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might 比 may的语言更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)(2)表示可能性时，might 比 may的可能性小，may 表示的可能性比 can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用 can代替)。The story may not be true.(3)表示祝愿(不用 might)May you s

6、ucceed!(4)may/might as well最好还是，不妨You might as well do it now.(5)may/might well很可能He may well be late for class.题组训练 2用 may，might 的适当形式填空1.I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?3Dont worry.He might/may not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.2.I left my handbag on the train，b

7、ut luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean，someone might have stolen it.3.As a student，you might/may as well make good use of your time.4.You may go to school either by bike or by bus.5.May she rest in peace.3.must，have to 和 ought to的用法(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定

8、要” 。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustnt)。must 开头的问句，其否定回答要用 neednt或 dont have to代替。(2)must表示必然的结果。All men must die.(3)must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(4)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(5)ought to表示义务和责任， “应该” ，比 should语气要强。You ought to take ca

9、re of yourself.4.need和 dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要” ，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用 must和have to代替。(2)dare表示“敢” ，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?(3)need和 dare的特殊用法need 表“需要”时，可用 want，require 代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.dare 作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接 to，在疑问句和否

10、定句中 to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.I do not dare (to) complain.Do you dare (to) swim in the river?题组训练 34同义句改写1.He darent go out at night.He doesnt dare to go out at night.2.The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.5.will和 would的用法(1)will表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?表示

11、意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向， “总是，惯于” ，通常用于第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.(2)would表示请求、建议，比 will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea?表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.6.shall和 should的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I come in?用于第二、三人称的陈述句

12、中，表示命令或威胁。You shall do as your father says.(2)should表示责任、义务，意为“应该” 。表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然” 。You should wear slippers in class.用于条件句，表示“假如，万一” ，省去 if，should 可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.7.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使用场合must mustdo must have done 肯定句5may/might m

13、ay/mightdomay/might have done肯定句、否定句can/could can/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should doshould have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句情态动词have done 的用法：(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做” ，而 shouldnt have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了” 。You should have told me about it earlier.You

14、 shouldnt have said such words to your parents.(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该” ，而 ought not to have done则意为“本不应该” 。You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3)neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了” 。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was eno

15、ugh.(4)could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到” 。I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以做某事(实际上没做)” 。You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.题组训练 41.I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then.2.Its Sunday.He cant

16、have gone to school(不可能上学去了).3.You know the story very well.You may/might have read it(可能读过) before.4.You must have gone to bed late(一定是睡得很晚) last night.Your eyes are red.5.I should/ought to have done my homework(本应该做作业) last night，but I went to the cinema.虚拟语气的核心考点1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语

17、从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用6were)，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might动词原形” 。If I were you，I would buy that house.If he had time，he should go with you.(2)表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词” 。If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing the examination.

18、(3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to动词原形” ，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might动词原形” 。If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。If they had worked hard， they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)题组训练 5用所给动词的正

19、确形式填空1.Maybe if I had studied(study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.2.If I had/should have/were to have(have) time next week，I would go to the party.3.If I were(be) you，I should go and see the dentist at once.4.If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earl

20、ier，you could/should/would/might have caught(catch) the train.5.If he were you，he wouldnt have missed(miss) the concert last night.2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could动词原形” ；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分

21、词”或“could/shouldhave过去分词” 。I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known/could/should have known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.7在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，should可以省略。常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order 等。She suggested we (

22、should) leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated on.(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request 等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“(should) 动词原形” ，should 可以省略。His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they

23、(should) pay 100 dollars.(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。It is necessary (important，natural，strange，etc.)that we (should) clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame，no wonder，etc.)that you (should) be so careless.It will be desired (suggested，decided，ordered，

24、requested，proposed，etc.)that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可用陈述句语气。It is a pity that you cant swim.题组训练 6用所给词的适当形式填空1.Where are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they werent(be，not) always late

25、.2.It is requested that Class Two (should) give(give) a performance at the English evening.3.He insisted that a deadline(should) be set (set) for completing the task.4.My suggestion is that we(should) go(go) without delay.5.The doctor has given advice that the patient (should) give up(give) up smoki

26、ng.3.虚拟语气在其他场合的运用(1)虚拟语气在 as if/as though，even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从8句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时(be动词用 were)；指将来状况则用过去将来时。He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that).”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 w

27、ere)或“should动词原形” ，意思是“(现在)该” 。Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we went/should go home(3)虚拟语气用在 if only引导的感叹句中。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。It would be better for you not to stay up too late.W

28、ould you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.题组一1.Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏，24)A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案 B解析 句意为：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。此处 should作情态动词，表示“竟然” ，符合句意，故选 B。2.In tod

29、ays information age，the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.(2018北京，12)9A.need B.shouldC.can D.must答案 C解析 根据句意可知应该选 C项。can 在此表示可能性，意为“可能，会” 。need 需要；should应该；must 必须，以上三者均不符合句意。句意为：在如今这个信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重的问题。3.I cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(

30、2018天津，10)A.should leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left答案 D解析 句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语 yesterday可知空格处是对过去发生事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”，B、D 两项符合；再根据句中的 but Im not sure排除 B项“一定落在” ，故选 D项。若 C项改为 might have left，也是正确的。4.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach th

31、e books on the top shelf.(2017北京，21)A.must B.shouldC.can D.need答案 C解析 句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能(can)轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用 can。must 必须；should 应当，应该；need 需要。5.My room is a mess，but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2)A.darent B.shouldntC.neednt D.mustnt答案 C解析 句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今

32、晚在我出去之前，我没必要(neednt)打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。darent 不敢；shouldnt 不应该；mustnt 不准。6.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home 10alone.(2015北京，29)A.may B.canC.must D.dare答案 C解析 考查情态动词。句意为：你不能再多待一会儿吗？天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may 可以，可能；can 能够，可以；must 必须；dare 敢，敢于。故选 C。7.I

33、t was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.(2015浙江，4)A.couldnt B.shouldntC.mustnt D.neednt答案 A解析 考查情态动词辨析。句意为：太吵闹了，我们连自己说的话都听不到。couldnt 表示“不能” ，符合语境。8.Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You have made full preparations.(2015福建，27)A.must B.canC.would D.should答案 D解析 考查“情态动词have

34、done”的意义。句意为：很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了 。 噢 ， 真 是 太 糟 糕 了 ， 你 本 应 该 做 好 充 分 准 备 的 。 should have done本 应 该 做 但 是 没有 做 。9.You be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015四川，2)A.must B.mayC.can D.will答案 A解析 考查情态动词。句意为：你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机，它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机一定很昂贵，所以“必须”小心对待，故选择 A。10.You be Carol.You havent changed a

35、 bit after all these years.(2015重庆，12)A.must B.can C.will D.shall答案 A解析 考查情态动词。句意为：你一定是卡萝尔，这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用 must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定” ，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。1111.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2014四川，6)A.might B.mustC.would D.should答案 C解析 考查

36、情态动词。此题考查的是 would表示过去的习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常” 。句意为：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。12.My book， The House of Hades，is missing.Who have taken it？(2014陕西，25)A.need B.mustC.should D.could答案 D解析 考查情态动词。第二句句意为：可能是谁拿走了呢？need 需要；must 一定，肯定，表猜测时通常只用于肯定句；should 多指预期的事，常译为“按道理说应该” ；could 可表示说话者主观猜测的“可能” ，此时用于否定句和疑问句中，符

37、合题意。13.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves， bring me food.(2014江苏，31)A.might B.would C.should D.could答案 C解析 考查情态动词。句意为：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should可表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，此处意为“竟然” ，表惊讶。14.Life is unpredictable；even the poorest become the richest.(2014江西，30)A.shall B.mustC.need D.might答案 D

38、解析 考查情态动词。句意为：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。根据前句“Life is unpredictable”说明一切都有可能，所以使用 might表示存在的可能性。15.Although you find bargains in London，its not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014大纲全国，30)12A.should B.need C.must D.can答案 D解析 考查情态动词的基本用法。句意为：虽然你可能在伦敦找到便宜货，但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。can 表示“可能”时尽管多用于否定句和疑问句中，但在肯

39、定句中可以表示“可能” ，指客观上的可能性。由句意可知，此处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货” ，指客观上的可能性，故选择 can。should 应该；need 需要；must 必须，肯定。16.People are recycling many things which they away in the past.(2014安徽，30)A.had thrown B.will be throwingC.were throwing D.would have thrown答案 D解析 考查“情态动词have done” 。句意为：人们在循环使用他们过去本想扔掉的许多东西。would have done

40、 表示“过去本想干某事，但实际没做” 。17.Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we bring anything with us？(2014湖南，25)A.cant B.mustntC.shant D.neednt答案 D解析 考查情态动词。句意为：我已经为这次野餐准备了各种各样的食物。你的意思是我们没有必要带任何东西了，是吗？neednt 不必，符合句意。cant 不可能，不能；mustnt表示禁止；shant 表示将来。18. I have a word with you？It wont take long

41、.(2014北京，21)A.Can B.MustC.Shall D.Should答案 A解析 考查情态动词。句意为：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。此处 can表示请求和许可。must 必须；shall 用于第一人称的问句中，用于提建议或要求他人作决定的问句中；should 应该。19.No one be more generous；he has a heart of gold.(2013天津，9)A.could B.mustC.dare D.need答案 A13解析 考查情态动词。句意为：没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。 “No one could be more generous

42、”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，A 项 could可以在否定句中表示推测，为正确答案。B 项表推测，只用在肯定句中；dare 和 need不符合句意。20.Why are your eyes so red？You have slept well last night.Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.(2013四川，5)A.cant B.mustntC.neednt D.wont答案 A解析 句意为：你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚肯定没睡好。是的，我熬夜写了一篇报告。本题考查情态动词表对过去事情否定推测的用法。题组二1.There is a g

43、ood social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.(2018江苏，27)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had答案 A解析 句意为：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用 did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用 had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用 would/could do。由语境可

44、知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故选 A。2.They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.(2018北京，13)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案 D解析 根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if 条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/mighthave done” ，从句谓语用“had过去分词” 。3.If we the flight yes

45、terday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018天津，15)A.had caught B.caughtC.have caught D.would catch答案 A14解析 句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语 yesterday以及后半部分中的 would be enjoying及时间状语 now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词” 。4.If the new safety system to use，the ac

46、cident would never have happened.(2017北京，34)A.had been put B.were putC.should be put D.would be put答案 A解析 句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选 A项。5.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent

47、 D.wouldnt be答案 B解析 句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的 otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选 B项。6. not for the support of the teachers， the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏，22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案 B解析 句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，

48、从句谓语用 were；在非真实条件句中，如果有 should，had 或 were时，可以省略 if，而把 should，had 或 were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选 B项。7.Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江，15)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen答案 D15解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果各国政府和科学家们不一起合作的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自 2005 年的最高值降下来。根据 Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用 would have done形式。故选 D项。8.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you me，I could have helped.(2016北京，34)A.told B.had toldC.were to tell D.w