[考研类试卷]考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷21及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 21 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Three makes a trend. The Washington Post Co. Friday announced that it would look to sell its headquarters building in downtown Washington, D.C. In Janua

2、ry, the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News announced they would put up for sale their headquarters. The same month, Frank Gannett said it will sell the building that houses the Rochester, N.Y., Democrat circulation revenues are back to where they were in 1996. The digital numbers are rising, bu

3、t not fast enough. Print media is hampered by high fixed costs incurred in the pre-digital erapensions and union contracts, equipment like printing presses, large numbers of employees, and big office buildings.Virtually every newspaper company has engaged in drastic measureslaying off experienced em

4、ployees, eliminating sections, cutting back printing from daily to a few days per week. Those efforts are all meant to lower day-to-day operating costs. But weve also seen newspaper companies seek onetime injections of cash by selling off non-core assets. Increasingly, the headquarters buildingtypic

5、ally located right in the middle of townis falling into the non-core asset category.Traditionalists may find these sales and the continued shrinking of newspapers real-estate footprints to be depressing. But its actually a positive development. Call it creative destruction, or adaptive reuse. In cit

6、ies around the country, investors are finding better uses for properties. In lower Manhattan, Class B office buildings that used to house financial firms have been converted into expensive separate apartments. “Its a great thing, because it drives more tax revenue to the cities. And it gives the sub

7、urbs a run for the money,“ said Jonathan Miller, president of appraisal company MillerSamuel.In D.C, the Washington Post will likely fetch an excellent price for its headquarters because Washington is a boomtown. Throughout D.C, investors are plowing cash into housing, office, and retail development

8、s. The building that housed the organization that exposed the Watergate scandal may become the next Watergate complexOf course, progress inevitably displaces the prior tenants. Its likely the new homes that will be occupied by newspapermen and newspaperwomen in Washington, Rochester, and Detroit wil

9、l be less grand, less central, and less historic than their current homes. And the sale of these properties alone wont solve the newspapers financial problems. But it will buy them a very valuable commodity: time.1 By saying “Three makes a trend“ (Para. 1), the author implies that _.（A）the three com

10、panies have sold their buildings together（B） newspaper-publishers have widely fallen into crisis（C） newspaper giants start to enter housing market（D）its popular for printing companies to change headquarters2 According to Paragraph 2, what has stood in the way of print medias further development?（A）T

11、he decline of advertising revenues.（B） The spread of digital news.（C） The over-high operating cost.（D）The large office buildings.3 In newspaper industry, drastic measures are adopted with the purpose to _.（A）reduce the staff cost（B） optimize company sections（C） cut down the daily expenditure（D）look

12、for onetime injection of cash4 It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that_.（A）traditionalists are strongly against the sales of newspapers buildings（B） the destruction of newspapers buildings is actually creative（C） the trading of buildings can increase the urban revenue（D）money flows are running quic

13、kly from suburbs to big cities 5 The authors attitude toward the building-sales is _.（A）negative（B） positive（C） neutral（D）indifferent5 Two of the most common rumors about immigrant families are that they dont really want to become American and that theyre a drag on the rest of us. But a fascinating

14、new Pew report gives lie to both fears. In the process, it reminds us why immigration matters.The study shows first of all that Americanization is proceeding as inevitably now as during previous great waves of migration. Yes, todays immigrants are Hispanic and Asian rather than European. But that ha

15、s not made a difference. Todays 20 million adult sons and daughters of immigrants have learned English, advanced economically, and intermarried far more than their parents did and no more slowly than the Italians or Irish or Poles did a century ago. Nearly six in tenalmost double the percentage of t

16、heir parentsconsider themselves “typical Americans.“As for whether immigrant families are a drag on society, the facts are clear. Second-generation Americansthe children of immigrantsare not just doing better than their parents. Their educational attainment and income are actually above the national

17、 average. They are contributors. If anything, as other research has shown, it is America that can be harmful to immigrant families: obesity and criminality increase from the first to the second generation. So the question should not be how to keep newcomers from diluting America but how to keep Amer

18、ica from diluting the newcomers. This presents a challenge to both native-born Americans and todays immigrants.The Pew report notes that Americans who are of foreign birth or parentage, so-called “immigrant stock,“ will constitute a record 37% of the population by 2050. This frightens many white Ame

19、ricans to the core, especially those who are older and live in communities only recently touched by immigration. But for todays “immigrant stock,“ this moment creates an opportunity. Immigrants of earlier centuries proved that every kind of European could become simply white; todays immigrants prove

20、 that every kind of human can become simply American. But this means encouraging them to strive not only for their own families but also for the nation, through service and civic participation.We should bear in mind that whether we are native-born or newcomer, our task now, then, is to apply an immi

21、grants ingenuity, optimism, and perseverance to the systematic expansion of opportunity in America, To do that, as history shows and recent studies confirm, itll help to have more immigrants around.6 The new Pew report has found that _.（A）the two rumors about immigration are untrue（B） the immigratio

22、n matters should be addressed（C） Hispanic and Asian immigrants do not help America（D）Almost all immigrants have a strong sense of belonging7 According to Paragraph 3, immigrant families _.（A）do not slow down but speed up American progress（B） are better off than natives in education and income（C） are

23、 diluting America as a united and coherent society（D）pose a potential challenge to the American society8 Many white Americans are frightened to the core because _.（A）the number of immigrants will exceed that of American natives by 2050（B） immigrants will account for a large part of the population by

24、 2050（C） immigrants will populate the USA, including those remote communities（D）the young immigrants will increase obesity and criminality in America9 It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that_.（A）immigration is more a challenge than an opportunity（B） immigration can be harnessed to serve

25、the nation（C） immigrants can hardly be assimilated into America（D）the more immigrants America takes in, the better10 The authors attitude toward the immigration into America is _.（A）doubtful（B） indifferent（C） pessimistic（D）supportive10 Brothers and sisters fight, but when the bickering evolves into

26、physical or emotional abuse, its bullying. Ordinary arguments over toys and who gets the front seat are one thing, but a recent study from researchers at the University of New Hampshire reports that aggression between siblings can escalate into bullying, and that young victims can be harmed in the s

27、ame way as those who are threatened by peers on the playground.In fact, the study authors say, being bullied by a brother or sister was linked to worse mental-health outcomes for kids and adolescents, similar to those associated with being bullied by unrelated kids in the schoolyard.The new study, p

28、ublished in the journal Pediatrics, involved thousands of children and adolescents throughout the U.S. and found that those who were physically assaulted, had their toys stolen or broken or endured emotional abuse that made them feel frightened or unwanted by their sibling had higher levels of depre

29、ssion, anger and anxiety than those without these experiences.In order to study any differences between the effects of sibling bullying and those of being threatened by an unrelated bully, the researchers compared the effects of aggressive behaviors, such as physical violence, breaking or taking toy

30、s or belongings, and abuse, like name-calling or mocking, originating from siblings with those coming from childrens unrelated peers. They concluded that as far as mental-health effects are concerned, the relationship that the victims had with their bullies didnt seem to matter. The findings showed

31、that sibling bullying had the same association with increased anxiety, depression and trauma as peer aggression.Thats an eye-opening result since most parentsnot to mention the publichave a higher tolerance for fighting and even threatening behavior among siblings than they do for other social relat

32、ionships. Sibling fighting is often dismissed, seen as something thats normal or harmless. Some parents even think its beneficial, as training for dealing with conflict and aggression in other relationships.But when does that normal quarreling evolve into something more? Parents may unknowingly play

33、 a role in escalating some sibling fighting into abuse, John V. Caffaro, a clinical psychologist and co-author of Sibling Abuse Trauma, told the New York Times. If parents allow children to continuously fight and confront each other in aggressive ways without intervening, or if they play favorites a

34、nd label children as “the smart one“ or the “the quiet one,“ that may lead to more unhealthy competitiveness between siblings that develops into abuse. Caffaro said that since violence between siblings is one of the most common types of familial violence, aggression with the intent to physical hurt

35、or humiliate a brother or sister should be taken seriously, and quashed.11 The word “bickering“ (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to _.（A）beating（B） hitting（C） fighting（D）bullying12 The new study published in Pediatrics shows that _.（A）thousands of children and adolescents in the US are bullie

36、d yearly（B） the outcome of being bullied by siblings is worse than that by peers（C） kids bullied by their siblings are more depressed than those who are not（D）being bullied by siblings is exactly the same as being bullied by others13 After comparing the effects, the researchers found that_.（A）siblin

37、g bullying is as harmful as peer aggression（B） sibling bullying is actually not a matter to worry about（C） sibling bullying is more harmful than peer aggression（D）sibling bullying is closely related to peer aggression14 It can be learned that some parents actually _.（A）are more tolerant than the pub

38、lic for sibling fighting（B） regard bullying in the family as something harmful（C） think that bullying can help their children in a way（D）are fond of playing favorites and labeling children15 Caffaro would most probably agree that_.（A）parents are responsible for most bullying in the family（B） sibling

39、 bullying is more than common in US families（C） parents should consciously encourage sibling fighting（D）sibling bullying needs proper intervention from parents15 Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europes data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami,

40、 a professor at George Washington Universitys law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that

41、this will deter others.But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germanys federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspir

42、ation for these measures comes from America.Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internets global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent d

43、ata-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill and the Federal Trade Commission is considerin

44、g an overhaul of its rules.Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Pr

45、ivacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as “a new privacy battleground“, with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries toward

46、s their own regulatory model.Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last

47、year for breaching Canadas data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies.Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of “their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America.“ Yet the same optimism has h

48、elped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.16 According to Paragraph 1, web watchdogs_.（A）are faced with tou

49、gh choices to regulate web companies（B） keep a close eye on every Internet company（C） scapegoat famous companies to keep others in alarm（D）report losses of customer data to the authorities17 The “gulf“ (line 1, Para, 2) refers to_.（A）the friction between web companies and regulators（B） the differences between European and American privacy practice（C） the argument between data watchdogs and governments（D）the conflict between customers and companies which disclose data18 It can be l