DIN 15400-1990 Lifting hooks materials mechanical properties lifting capacity and stresses《起重吊钩 材料、机械特性、承载能力和应力》.pdf

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1、UDC 621.861 .061.1-O34.14 DEUTSCHE NORM June 1990 I I Lifting hooks Materials, mechanical properties, lifting capacity and stresses I 15400 Lasthaken fr Hebezeuge; mechanische Eigenschaften, Werkstoffe, Tragfhigkeiten und vorhandene Spannungen Supersedes November 1978 edition. In keeping with curren

2、t practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (/SO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. Contents 1 Field of application 1 2 Mechanical properties . . 1 4 Liting capacity . 4 5 Stresses in forged hooks . 5 5.1 Outer fibre stresses at the

3、principal cross section (section A-B) . . 5 5.2 Tensile stress at the vertical cross section (section I-K) 6 5.3 Shear stress at the bottom of the thread . 6 Standards and other documents referred to . 7 Other relevant standards and documents 7 Explanatory notes . 8 Page 3 Materials . 2 1 Field of a

4、pplication This standard makes specifications for the following types of hook for use on lifting appliances: forged point hooks as in DIN 15401 Part 1 or 2, forged ramshorn hooks as in DIN 15402 Part 1 or 2, and laminated hooks as in DIN 15407 Part 1 or 2. It may be applied by analogy to the compone

5、nts of lifting appliances that are subject to similar stresses, but does not cover cast hooks (cf. Explanatory notes). 2 Mechanical properties Table 1 specifies five strength classes, according to the mechanical properties that hooks are expected to have. Note that forged point hooks and ramshorn ho

6、oks shall also comply with the requirements set out in DIN 15404 Part 1, DIN 17 103 and DIN 17200, and laminated hooks with those in DIN 15404 Part 2 and DIN 17102. To verify the resistance of hooks to brittle fracture, a DIN 50 115 notched bar impact test shall be carried out at -2OOC on an ISO-V n

7、otch specimen. For forged hooks, test piecesshall be taken in the longitudinal direction (denoted by i; cf. table l), pre- ferably from the outerthird of the shankcrosssection. For laminated hooks, they shall be takenfrorn thesheet in the transverse direction (denoted by (2; cf. table 1). near the p

8、roduct surface. A hook whose minimum impact energy complies with that given in table 1 shall be deemed to be resistant to brittle fracture. Continued on pages 2 to 8 Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German standards (DIN-Normen). DIN 15 400 Eng/. Price group Sales No.01

9、07 02.91 Page 2 DIN 15400 L2) Q2) (55) (31) Table 1. Mechanical properties of lifting hooks L Q 39 21 Minimum requirements for the basic series of fine grain structural steel as in DIN 17102 and DIN 17103 42 48 53 60 67 75 85 StE285 Minimum requirements for steel for quenching and tempering as in DI

10、N 17 200 StE355 StE420 Impact energy, Av, in J (EO-V), at a test temperature of +2O0C, I -2O0C, with direction of sampling3) L2) I L 3) 34 CrMo 4 95 106 118 132 1 50 34 CrMo 4 34 CrNiMo 6 Upper yield strength, re, or 0,2% proof stress, Rp0,2, in Nmm2 Upper yield strength, re, or 0,2% proof stress, R

11、p0,2, in N/mm2 strength class) M -I- 235 P 31 5 -I- 390 390 T 490 490 M 620 (30) 27 1) Use of strength classes given in brackets should be avoided where possible. 2) The values given in brackets are for information only; the test is to be carried out at -2OOC. 3) L stands for longitudinal direction,

12、 Q for transverse direction. Where the sheet is wider than 600 rnm, the test piece shall be taken in the transverse direction. 3 Materials Table 2 specifies the steel grades to be used on hooks in compliance with this standard. Table 2. Steel to be used for lifting hooks Steel as specified in DIN 17

13、102 and DIN 17103 I DIN 17102, DIN 17103 and DIN 172002) Shank diameteri), di, in mm Hook number Hook number To be used for hooks of strength class M P 006 o1 o o1 2 020 025 04 05 1 1.6 oa 14 I l6 I 2o I 24 I 30 36 006 o1 o o1 2 020 025 04 05 08 1 1.6 2.5 4 5 6 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 a 2.5 4 5 6 8 10

14、12 16 20 25 32 40 or 1) to 9, see page 3. DIN 15400 Page 3 Steel as specified in DIN 17 102 and DIN 17 103 DIN 17102, DIN 17103 and DIN 172002) Shank Hook diameteri), number di, in mm To be used for hooks of strength class M P S T Y 50 170 63 190 80 21 2 1 O0 236 125 265 1 60 300 200 335 250 375 StE

15、355 StE 420 StE 500 34CrMo4 34CrNiMo6 30CrNiMo8 Table 2 (concluded). Hook number 50 63 80 1 O0 125 1 60 200 250 I Page 4 DIN 15400 04 05 08 1 1.6 4 Lifting capacity Table 3 specifies the drive group as a function of hook strength class, and the lifting capacity as a function of hook number. It does

16、not make specifications for hooks whose lifting capacity is under 100 kg or over 500000 kg. Where such hooks are to be used in exceptional cases, the lifting capacity shall be selected in accordance with the R10 series of preferred numbers specified in DIN 323 Part 1. 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500

17、 400 320 250 04 2500 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 320 05 4000 3200 2500 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 08 5000 4000 3200 2500 2000 1600 1250 1 O00 800 630 1 8000 6300 5000 4000 3200 2500 2000 1600 1250 1000 1.6 Table 3. Lifting capacity I 2.5 12500 10000 8000 6300 5000 4000 3200 2500 2000 16

18、00 2.5 4 20000 16000 12500 10000 8000 6300 5000 4000 3200 2500 4 5 25000 20000 16000 12500 10000 8000 6300 5000 4000 3200 5 6 32000 25000 20000 16000 12500 10000 8000 6300 5000 4000 6 8 40000 32000 25000 20000 16000 12500 10000 8000 6300 5000 8 r I Strength I class 1 50000 40000 32000 25000 20000 16

19、000 12500 10000 8000 6300 63 O00 50 O00 40 O00 32 O00 25 O00 20 O00 16 O00 1 2 500 1 O O00 8 O00 80000 63000 50000 40000 32000 25000 20000 16000 12500 10000 Drive groupl) I 50 I Strength class I250000 I200000 I 160000 I 125000 I 100000 1 80000 I 63000 I 50000 1 40000 I 320001 50 than 16, are not inc

20、luded 160 O00 200000 I Hook I number 1 25 O00 1 O0 O00 80 O00 63 O00 50 O00 40 O00 32 O00 25 O00 20 000 32 160000 125000 100000 80000 63000 50000 40000 32000 25000 40 Lifting capacity, in kg 320 O00 400000 Hook I number 250 O00 200 O00 160 O00 1 25 O00 1 O0 O00 80 000 63 O00 50 O00 40 O00 63 320000

21、250000 200000 160000 125000 ;O0000 80000 63000 50000 80 500 O00 - 400 O00 320 O00 250 000 200 O00 1 60 O00 r1 25 O00 1 O0 O00 80 O00 63 O00 500000 400000 320000 250000 200000 ;60000 125000 100000 80000 F” 20 25 160 - - 500000 400000 320000 250000 i00000 160000 125000 100000 160 200 - - - 500000 4000

22、00 320000 250000 200000 160000 125000 200 250 - - - - 500000 400000 320000 250000 200000 160000 250 100000 I 80000 I 63000 I 50000 I 40000 I 32000 I 25000 r 20000 I 16000 I 12500 125000 I 100000 1 80000 1 63000 I 50000 I 40000 I 32000 I 25000 1 20000 1 16000 10 12 16 20 25 1 O0 125 V Hooks to be use

23、d on cranes such as are used in steel works and rolling mills. 1) As specified in subclause 4.1 of the February 1974 edition of DIN 15020 Part 1. DIN 15400 Page 5 5 Stresses in forged hooks For forged point hooks (figure 1) and forged ramshorn hooks (figure 2) with lifting capacities as specified in

24、 table 3, the following types of stress have been calculated. a) Outer fibre stresses in section A-B, at the principal cross section (cf. subclause 5.1). b) Tensile stress in section I-K, at the vertical cross section (ci. subclause 5.2). c) Shear stress at the bottom of the thread (cf. subclause 5.

25、3). The calculations made in subclauses 5.2 and 5.3 have been based on simplified assumptions, .e. the values given are intended for information purposes only. Detail Y (in section) Knuckle thread 4 Metric thread 4 -I 41 Figure 1. Figure 2. Letter symbols used in the analysis of point hooks ramshorn

26、 hooks 5.1 Outer fibre stresses at the principal cross section (section A-B) The outer fibre stresses calculated for the principal cross section (at the back of the hook) are based on the assumption that the load actson the midpoint of the bend of the axis through the centre of gravity of the hook c

27、ross section and that it is suspended by one rope in the case of point hooks, or by two ropes at an angle of 90 in the case of ramshorn hooks. The following formu- lae have been used. For point hooks: a,=-.- F. , in N/mm2 Ud = - F. . 72 ,in N/mm2 Z e-71 z e+72 For ramshorn hooks: where F is the lift

28、ing force, in N, as a function of the lifting capacity given in table 2 (with g rounded to 10m/s2), and Note. The calculation of Z is in compliance with the procedure described by E. Rtscher in Zeitschrift des Vereins Deut- scher Ingenieure, which has also been used in other relevant literature (cf.

29、 Standards and other documents referred to clause). The tensile stresses, u, and compressive stresses, Ud, thus calculated are illustrated in figure 3 for forged point hooks and in figure 4 for forged ramshorn hooks. Page 6 DIN 15400 lDm - - - 630 - 500-400 bo0 - 315 - 250 - 200 - 160 - 125 - io0 90

30、 - t lA, lB, - 500 315 250 200 160 125 100 -ao 63 N E E t C .- a - 2m 1 Am - I err - - - - - - 400 315 250 200 160 125 1 O0 BO 63 50 - 5 8 1220325080125Mo O10 o20 04 08 Figure 3. Tensile stresses, o, and compressive stresses, Ud, in point hooks Drive group Strength class 5 8 12 2032 50 80 125ZJ Figu

31、re 4. Tensile stresses, u, and compressive stresses, O basic, calculated and rounded values DIN 15020 Part 1 Lifting appliances; rope drives; design principles DIN 15401 Part 1 Lifting hooks; point hooks: unrnachined components DIN 15401 Part 2 Lifting hooks; finished point hooks with screwed shank

32、DIN 15402 Part 1 Lifting hooks: ramshorn hooks; unmachined components DIN 15402 Part 2 Lifting hooks: finished ramshorn hooks with screwed shank DIN 15404 Part 1 Lifting hooks: technical delivery conditions for forged hooks DIN 15404 Part 2 Lifting hooks: technical delivery conditions for laminated

33、hooks DIN 15405 Part 1 Lifting hooks; inspection of forget lifting hooks in service DIN 15405 Part 2 Lifting hooks; inspection of laminated hooks in service DIN 15407 Part 1 Lifting hooks for cranes; laminated point hooks for spigot ladles; assembly and principal dimensions DIN 15407 Part 2 Laminate

34、d point hooks for spigot ladles; components DIN 17102 Weldable normalized fine grain structural steel; technical delivery conditions for plate, strip, wide flats, sec- tions and bars DIN 17103 Weldable fine grain steel forgings; technical delivery conditions DIN 17200 Steel for quenching and temperi

35、ng; technical delivery conditions DIN 50115 Testing of metallic materials; notched bar impact test Stah-isen-Werkstoflatt 550 *) Zeitschrift des Vereins Deuischer Ingenieure, 1936: 80 (45), 1351-1354. Dubbel, Taschenbuch fr Maschinenbau (Mechanical Engineering Handbook), vol. 1, 15th ed., 1983, 1113

36、 and 1114. Sthle fr grere Schmiedestcke; Gtevorschrifien (Specifications for steel for large forgings) Other relevant standards and documents DIN 15428 DIN 15 429 DIN 17280 Stahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblait 515 *) 100 mm thick) l 2 Lifting appliances: lifting gear: technical delivery conditions Lifting app

37、liances: lifting gear: in-service inspection Steel with low temperature toughness: technical delivery conditions for plate, strip, wide flats, sections, bars and forgings Vergtungssiahlgu fr Gusicke mit Wanddicken ber 700 mrn (Heat treatable cast steel over Team of authors, Leitfaden fr eine Beirieb

38、sfestigkeitsrechnung (Guidelines for strength calculation), 2nd ed., Dsseldorf: Ver- lag Stahleisen mbH, 1985. Buxbaum, Betriebsfestigkeit; sichere und wirtschaftliche Bemessung schwingbruchgefhrdeter Bauteile (Service strength; reliable and economic design of components susceptible to fatigue fract

39、ure), Dsseldorf: Verlag Stahleisen mbH, 1986. *) Stahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblatt issued by the Verein Deutscher Eisenhttenieute (Society of German Ferrous Metallurgy Engineers). Page 8 DIN 15400 Hook strength class as in DIN 15400 Previous edition DIN 15400: 11.78. Amendments The following amendments hav

40、e been made to the November 1978 edition. a) DIN 17 102 and DIN 17 103 are now used as the references for specifying hook materials, following the withdrawal of DIN 17 135 Comparison of steel grades (cf. table below). As specified in DIN 17102 and DIN 17103 As specified in DIN 17 135 M P ASt41 StE 285 A St 52 StE355