DIN EN 1093-4-2008 Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4 Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer m.pdf

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1、 b! “ “ # $%$ “ 093-4:+008-09 = “ 093-4:996-05 !$b$ Documentcomprises17pages 4: Abv ( DIN EN 1093-4:2008-09 2 Start of validity This standard takes effect on 1 September 2008. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (

2、GPSG) (German Equipment and Consumer Goods Safety Law) and in connection with European legislation (EC Machinery Directive), which has been implemented by national legislation. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of Machinery” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in conn

3、ection with the amended EC Machinery Directive. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Sicherheitstechnische Grundstze (Safety Design Principles Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 095-03-01 AA Mess- strategien und Anforderungen an Messverfahren, Wor

4、king Group NA 095-03-01-02 AK Stoffemittierende Maschinen. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in Annex I of the EU Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid until 28 December 2009) and the new EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC which becomes applicable on 29 December 2009 relating to

5、machinery to be placed on the EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requirements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized standard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer applying this standard may assume compliance with the

6、requirements of the Machinery Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 1093-4:1996-05 as follows: a) Inclusion of Annex ZA (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC”. b

7、) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous editions DIN EN 1093-4: 1996-05 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM June 2008 ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes EN 1093-4:1996 English Version

8、Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances - Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system - Tracer method Scurit des machines -Evaluation de lmission de Efficacit de captage dun systme daspiration - Mthode par traage Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung der

9、Emission von luftgetragenen Gefahrstoffen - Teil 4: Erfassungsgrad eines Absaugsystems - Tracerverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 February 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 May 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w

10、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European

11、 Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nation

12、al standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un

13、ited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1093-4:1

14、996+A1:2008: E substances dangereuses vhicules par lair - Partie 4: EN 1093-4:1996+A1 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle5 5 Simplified expression of the capture efficiency.5 6 Test method6 6.1 General procedure.6 6.2 Measurement of the

15、 concentration (C 3 ).8 6.3 Application to a specific group of machines 9 7 Control parameters and influencing factors.9 7.1 Control parameters9 7.2 Influencing factors on capture efficiency .11 8 Test report 11 Annex A (informative) Simplified calculation of the random component of the uncertainty

16、on C 3(95 %) 13 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC“ “ “ “.14 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.15 DINEN10934:200

17、809 EN10934:1996+A1:2008(E)3 Foreword This document (EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of Machinery”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi

18、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-05-14. This document supersedes EN 1093-4:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or alt

19、ered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see inform

20、ative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

21、 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN10934:1996+A1:2008(E) DINEN10934:200809 4 1 Scope This standard describes a

22、method for the measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system installed on a machine. This method is based on a tracer technique and may be operated in all types of test environment (bench, room and field, see ENV 1093-1). This technique is applicable only if the tracer shows aerodynamic

23、 behaviour comparable with the real pollutant (see 7.1.1). The measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system can serve for: a) The evaluation of the performance of an exhaust system of a machine; b) The evaluation of the improvement of an exhaust system c) The comparison of exhaust syst

24、ems for machines of similar design; d) The ranking of exhaust systems according to their capture efficiency; e) The determination of the air flow rate of an exhaust system to achieve a given level of capture efficiency; f) The determination of the state of the art of exhaust systems for machines wit

25、h respect to the capture efficiency, 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated referenc

26、es, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts - General princ

27、iples for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2, Safety of machinery Basic concepts - General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. ENV 1093-1, Safety of machinery Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances Part 1: Selection of test

28、 methods. ISO 4053-1, Measurement of gas flow in conduits Tracer methods Part 1: General. 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 capture efficiency of an exhaust system cthe ratio of the mass-flowrate of a specified pollutant directly c

29、ollected by the exhaust system to the uncontrolled mass-flowrate of this pollutant emitted from the machine EN10934:1996+A1:2008(E) DINEN10934:200809 5 3.2 tracer technique the use of substances with an aerodynamic behaviour comparable to the hazardous substance under consideration and which can be

30、reliably measured 4 Principle The principle of the measurement method consists of: a) Emitting a tracer simulating the aerodynamic behaviour of the real pollutant, with the tracer flow rate (q E ); b) Measuring the flow rate (q c ) of the tracer collected by the exhaust system. 5 Simplified expressi

31、on of the capture efficiency The capture efficiency expressed as a percentage is: c = 100 E c q q(1) The tracer flow rate (q E ) is determined by emitting the tracer at constant flow rate directly into the exhaust duct and by measuring the average tracer concentration in a cross section of the duct

32、then: E q = ) ( 1 2 C C Q (2) where: Q is the average air flow rate in the duct during the measurement period of (q E ); C 1is the average ambient concentration of the tracer before the measurements (background level); C 2is the average concentration of the tracer in the duct (emission of tracer in

33、the duct). The tracer flow rate (q c ) is determined by emitting the tracer at constant flow rate (q E ) at a characteristic point or zone of the emission of the real pollutant (e.g. at the furthest locations in the emission zone from the exhaust system) and by measuring the average concentration of

34、 tracer in the same points of the duct: ) ( 1 3 C C Q q c = (3) where: Q is the average air flow rate in the duct during the measurement period of (q c ); C 1is the average ambient concentration of the tracer after the background level is stabilised; C 3is the average concentration of the tracer in

35、the duct (emission at a selected location). The capture efficiency is expressed as a percentage as follows: 100 ) ( ) ( 100 1 2 1 3 = = C C Q C C Q q q E c c (4) EN10934:1996+A1:2008(E) DINEN10934:200809 6 If the exhaust flow rate can be considered as being constant, then Q = Q, and the expression c

36、an be simplified: 100 1 2 1 3 = C C C C c (5) The capture efficiency is then determined by measuring only concentrations in the exhaust duct. 6 Test method 6.1 General procedure The measurement procedure is illustrated by figures 1 and figure 2 shows a typical test record. To measure the concentrati

37、on by sampling the air in the duct, it is assumed that the tracer is well mixed with the air. In the case of straight ducts the procedures described in ISO 4053-1 shall be used. NOTE Devices can be added to the duct to reduce the mixing length At least three tests shall be performed. EN10934:1996+A1

38、:2008(E) DINEN10934:200809 7 Phases 1 and 4: Measurement without tracer emission Phase 2: Measurement with tracer emission in the duct Phase 3: Measurement with tracer emission simulating the real pollutant 1 sampling 2 pump 3 analyser 4 injection 5 tracer gas flow meter 6 tracer gas cylinder (pure

39、or diluted tracer gas) 7 ambient concentration C 1or C 1 8 concentration C 29 concentration C 3Figure 1 Measurement procedure for a simple exhaust system using a tracer gas EN10934:1996+A1:2008(E) DINEN10934:200809 8 a) tracer concentration b) time in seconds Figure 2 Typical test recording 6.2 Meas

40、urement of the concentration (C 3 ) Considering an emitter whose flow rate changes suddenly from 0 to (q E ), the concentration (C 3 ) rises progressively as a function of time. The curve of variation of (C 3 ) roughly shows two time constants: the first, relatively small, corresponds to the accumul

41、ation of tracer in the volume directly under the influence of the exhaust system; the second, which is larger, corresponds to the accumulation of tracer in the rest of the room. A part of the tracer, escaping from the zone of direct influence of the exhaust system, is secondarily and indirectly coll

42、ected over a longer period of time. Since the efficiency of a system is based on the direct collection of the pollutant, the efficiency is defined on the basis of the determination of the value of (C 3 ) corresponding to the first time constant. In practice, and except for very small rooms, the time

43、 constant of the room is much larger than the time constant of the of the collection system, so that the measurement may be facilitated by averaging the value of the efficiency over a time interval of a few minutes after obtaining the first quasi equilibrium state. In small rooms an increase in the

44、ambient concentration can impair the quality of the measurement. For this reason, the measurement should only be accepted if the ratio 1 2 1 1 C C C C is lower than 0,05. The concentration C 1should be measured 1 minute after dosing of the tracer is stopped. Because of the fluctuations in the respon

45、se, as can be observed in figure 2, the concentration C 3should be established as an average over a reasonable period of time. For a given measurement, the effective averaging period can be calculated as the time constant for the measuring system multiplied by the number of EN10934:1996+A1:2008(E) D

46、INEN10934:200809 9 samples taken. To allow statistical analyses of the signal, leading to results such as minimum capture efficiency or relative standard deviation, the time constant of the measuring system should be adjusted to a defined value. This adjustment can be achieved by use of a buffer vol

47、ume on the sampling line or by use of a digital filter. The time constant should be adjusted to 10 s. The interval between successive samples should be equal to or larger than the time constant for the measuring system in use. Statistical analysis of the signal C 3can determine the concentration of

48、C 3(95%). This is the value of C 3which is exceeded for 95% of the specified measurement time. This value leads to the minimum capture efficiency, the calculation of which is given by the following formula: 1 2 1 3 %) 95 ( %) 95 ( C C C C c = (6) Assuming the distribution of C 3is Gaussian, C 3 (95%) can be derived from the mean value and the standard deviation of C 3 using the equation: C 3 (95%) = C 3 1,64 x (C 3 ) (7) The measurement result shall always be stated together with the