ASTM F2480-2006(2012) Standard Guide for In-ground Concrete Skatepark《地面混凝土滑板场的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2480 06 (Reapproved 2012)An American National StandardStandard Guide forIn-ground Concrete Skatepark1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers safety and performance guidelinespertaining to in-ground skatepark facilities built primarily out

3、of concrete and other designed materials. This guide pertains toany concrete materials and other designed materials intended tobe used in the performance of the sports including skateboard-ing, inline skating and BMX biking. Items such as fencing,lighting, and operational structures are not intended

4、 to be a partof this guide.1.2 Tolerance: General Measures, Tolerances, andConversionsGeneral dimensional tolerances for this guide(unless otherwise noted) follow. These tolerances still apply toa dimension even when terms like greater than, less than,minimum, or maximum are used.Dimension Tolerance

5、X in. or ft 60.5 in.X.X in. 60.05 in.X.XX in. 60.005 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish

6、appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel BarMats for Concrete ReinforcementA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forceme

7、nt, Plain, for ConcreteA497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA616/A616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3A617/A617M

8、Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed andPlain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC260 Specification for Air-Entrai

9、ning Admixtures for Con-creteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcreteC1141 Specification for Admixtures for ShotcreteC1436 Specification for Materials for ShotcreteC1480 Specification for Packaged, Pre-Blended, Dry, Co

10、m-bined Materials for Use in Wet or Dry Shotcrete Applica-tionC1582/C1582M Specification for Admixtures to InhibitChloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Con-creteE1155 Test Method for DeterminingFFFloorFlatness andFLFloor Levelness Numbers2.2 ACI Standards:4ACI 11790 Specifications for T

11、olerances for ConcreteConstruction and MaterialsACI 302.1R-04 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Con-structionACI 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete2.3 ANSI Standards:5ANSI 2535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bowlfully enclosed or partially enclosed free-fl

12、owing form with specific transitions.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.66 onSports Facilities.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 2006. Las

13、t previous edition approved in 2006 as F2480 06. DOI:10.1520/F2480-06R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A

14、STM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,

15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2 copingcircular pipe or other material installed onsome features.3.1.3 extensionadditional elevation of the top-riding sur-face within the platform area.3.1.4 featuressections of the skate surface, which is lev

16、el,inclined, or curved solid surface on which the user of skate-boards, inline skates, and BMX bicycles can maneuver.3.1.5 flat bottomhorizontal part of the riding surfacebetween the transitions.3.1.6 flat ground flat, horizontal space, which is greaterthan 12 in. long.3.1.7 flatnessdegree to which

17、a line or surface approxi-mates a plane and is a measurement of local surfacebumpiness/undulation.3.1.8 free falling heightperpendicular distance betweenthe floor space and an adjacent low-lying space.3.1.9 in-ground concrete skateparkany concrete structureplaced in ground that is to be used for ska

18、teboarding, inlineskating, and BMX bicycles.3.1.10 levelnessdegree to which a line or surface parallelshorizontal or design grade; and is a measurement of localconformance to design grade over a distance.3.1.11 performance edgingdurable material installed onthe accessible edges or surfaces of inters

19、ecting and terminatingplanes on features for performance purposes.3.1.12 pool copingmanufactured masonry product similarin shape and function to that typically manufactured forswimming pools. (See coping in 3.1.2.)3.1.13 protective edgingdurable material that protectsaccessible edges of intersecting

20、 and terminating planes on theriding surfaces for the purposes of reducing wear.3.1.14 transition/radiusradial change in slope betweentwo elevations.3.1.15 resting areasport-functional clearance required forstanding out of the flow of active skaters and clearing the activeskating zone to avoid a col

21、lision.3.1.16 riding surfacepart of skatepark structure on whichthe skater will be in contact.3.1.17 skatepark element, feature, structure, or group ofelements, features, structures within a defined boundary for useby skateboarders, inline skaters, or BMX bikers.3.1.18 specified surface, plane, or l

22、inesurface, plane, orline specified by the contract documents; specified planes andlines may slope and specified surfaces may have curvature.3.1.19 tolerance(1) the permitted variation from a givendimension or quantity; (2) the range of variation permitted inmaintaining a specified dimension; and (3

23、) A permitted varia-tion from location or alignment.3.1.20 vertvertical part of the riding surface.3.1.21 vertical alignmentlocation relative to specifiedvertical plane or a specified vertical line or from a line or planereference to a vertical line or plane. When applied to batteredwalls, abutments

24、, or other nearly vertical surfaces, verticalalignment is defined as the horizontal location of the surfacerelative to the specified profile.4. Materials4.1 GeneralAll materials used shall fulfill the sport-specific requirements for skatepark facilities.4.2 Steel ElementsAll exposed steel shall be i

25、nherentlycorrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion resistantcoating.4.3 Concrete:4.3.1 All concrete should consider the following, which isnot necessarily all-inclusive: compressive strength, flexuralstrength, or both, and finishability; maximum size, grading, andtype of coarse aggregate;

26、grading and type of fine aggregate;combined aggregate grading; air content of concrete, if appli-cable; slump of concrete; water-cement ratio or water-cementitious material ratio; and preplacement soaking require-ment for lightweight aggregates; and should conform to but arenot limited to the requir

27、ements of Specifications C33 andC94/C94M, Terminology C125, Specifications C150, C260,C494/C494M, C1116, C1141, C1436, C1480, C1582/C1582M,and ACI 302.1R-04.4.3.2 Design details, site preparation, type of concrete andrelated materials should be provided by the designer of theconcrete skatepark prior

28、 to bid documents and be applicable tothe local environmental conditions. Design details shouldreference specifications for concrete strength characteristics,use of admixtures for freezing exposure, use of reinforcingsteel, testing and inspection requirements. Concrete shall bemanufactured to meet t

29、he specifications of the designer,method of concrete construction-ready-mix, precast or shot-crete concrete should comply with applicable specifications.4.4 Steel ReinforcingSteel reinforcing should conform tobut are not limited to the following specifications: deformedbars should conform to the req

30、uirements of SpecificationsA615/A615M, A616/A616M,orA617/A617M. Bar mats con-forming to Specification A184/A184M can also be used.Welded wire reinforcing should conform to SpecificationsA185/A185M or A497/A497M.4.5 Synthetic FibersSynthetic fibers for use in concreteslabs should meet the requirement

31、s outlined in SpecificationC1116 or ACI 302.1R-04-26.4.6 Other MaterialsUtilization of other materials is ad-missible.5. Physical Properties5.1 In general, physical properties outline characteristicsbest suited for skateboard, roller blade, and BMX activities.5.2 Concrete FinishThe concrete surface

32、should provide asmooth and nonslip surface characteristic (see ACI 302.1R-04Class 9 Finish).5.3 Surface Flatness and LevelnessTolerances shouldconform to the requirements set forth in ACI 11790.Adiscussion of concrete flatness/levelness is given in the com-mentary to ACI 11790.5.3.1 Flatness and lev

33、elness requirements should be de-scribed in bid documents. Methods for defining flatness andlevelness should be in accordance with ACI 11790 and TestMethod E1155. The flatness values should control local surfacebumpiness in accordance with Test Method E1155. The level-ness values should control loca

34、l conformance to design grade(see Test Method E1155).5.3.2 PrecautionsConcrete surface tolerance specificationand measurement procedures should be pre-bid determined.Tolerances should be defined based on what can be reasonablyF2480 06 (2012)2expected from a given construction method. The concretefla

35、tness/levelness constitutes a potential issue, the followingprecautions are suggested:5.3.2.1 The exact meaning of the flatness/levelness require-ment and the exact method and time of measurement todetermine compliance should be established before beginningconstruction.5.3.2.2 The contractor or fabr

36、icator should confirm anability to satisfy the concrete surface tolerance requirement byprofiling previous installations or specimens.5.3.2.3 Where feasible, test slabs or specimens should beinstalled or supplied to verify the effectiveness of proposedfabrication procedures under actual job conditio

37、ns. If neces-sary, methods and procedures should then be modified for theactual job installation based on these results. The acceptance ofthe test slab or specimen by the owner as to tolerances andsurface finish should clarify requirements for the project slaband becomes the project “Exemplar/Benchm

38、ark.”5.3.2.4 The exact remedy to be applied to every possibleconcrete surface tolerance deficiency should be confirmed withthe designer.5.3.3 Levelness and flatness design in concrete skateparkconstruction should define acceptable tolerances for radii ofcurved surfaces, flatness values on a radius s

39、hould be similar tothose of a flat surface. This applies to all elevation changetolerances, banks, ledges, and so forth.5.4 Expansion Joints and Control Joints:5.4.1 Expansion joints should be placed where they are leastlikely to interfere with a wheel. Careful consideration toexpansion joints locat

40、ion must be given, using the flow ofskaters as critical design criteria.5.4.2 Unfilled cut control joint must not exceed18 of aninch.5.4.3 Filled Control JointSize of control joint is notimportant. It must be a rigid control joint filler, which must beflush with the skating surface and close the joi

41、nt completely.5.4.4 Tooled Control JointsJoints should be placed wherethey are least likely to interfere with skate wheels, and a cutcontrol joint is not possible.5.5 Consolidation and Compaction of Concrete AroundExposed Steel MaterialsThe placement of concrete onsloped radii or any areas incorpora

42、ting a change in elevation iscritical to the stability of the exposed steel material or concretecoping. The difficulty of achieving proper consolidation aroundthe steel material and their reinforced attachments through theuse of standard air removal consolidation techniques can leadto slumping and t

43、he creation of an air pocket around the steelmaterial, which may not be visible during construction andmay result in concrete failure on the riding surface. See Section8.3 of ACI 302.1R-04 and ACI 309R for detailed discussion.6. Other Requirements6.1 Protective Edging:6.1.1 If protective edging/surf

44、ace is used, it shall be flushwith the finished riding surface. It shall be strong enough toprotect the surface from damage and excessive wear due toprolonged use.6.1.2 When protective edging is used as protection againstbike pegs, it shall extend a minimum of 4.0 in. behind thecoping, and be flush

45、with the riding surface.6.2 Coping shall protrude 0.25 6 0.125 in. above the restingdeck and shall protrude 0.25 + 0.25 in. or 0.125 in. aboveriding surfaces (see Fig. 1).6.2.1 The outside radius of coping shall be a minimum of1.18 in. or 30 mm.6.3 Gaps or transitions between riding surfaces intende

46、d tobe in the same plane shall not exceed 0.188 in. in any direction.7. Owners Responsibility7.1 Signage:7.1.1 Skatepark signage shall be provided by the owner/operator for installation on a signboard at the skatepark.7.2 Skatepark signage, free standing or fixed fence, mustcomply with the following

47、:7.2.1 Convey safety information to the user and to thoseproviding parental or guardian supervision.7.2.2 Indicate that adult supervision of minors is or is notpresent.7.2.3 Indicate the owner-operator emergency telephonenumbers.7.2.4 Indicate emergency telephone numbers for medical,ambulance, and p

48、olice.7.2.5 Indicate any applicable regulations regarding the useof safety gear.7.2.6 Indicate there is an inherent risk in the participation ofskatepark activities. Users of skateparks, by participation,accept the risks inherent in such participation of which theordinary prudent person is or should

49、 be aware. Users have aduty to exercise good judgment and act in a responsible mannerwhile using the skatepark and obey all oral or written warnings,or both, prior to or during participation, or both.7.2.7 Indicate users have a duty not to participate in or onany skatepark while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.7.2.8 Shall be readily visible to the intended viewers/usersas in accordance with Section 8.2 and Annex B3.28: B3.29 andB3.2.11-13 of ANSI 2535.4.7.2.9 Sign type shall be the same style as in accordance withANSI 2535.4B.8. Main