ASTM E2177-2018 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness.pdf
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1、Designation: E2177 11E2177 18Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL)of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wet retroreflect
3、ive (RL) properties of horizontal pavement markingmaterials, such as traffic stripes and road surface symbols, using a portable or mobile retroreflectometer that can be placed on orbefore the road marking to measure the retroreflection at the prescribed geometry.1.2 This method of measuring the wet
4、retroreflective properties (RL) of pavement markings measures the wet retroreflectivityin a standard condition of wetness (see Fig. 1).1.2.1 DiscussionThis test condition typically exists (1) after a rainfall has ended and the pavement markings are still wet or(2) as the markings are wet from dew or
5、 humidity.1.3 Retroreflective performance obtained with this test in conditions of wetness does not necessarily relate to how markingsperform in conditions of rain, that is, as markings are being rained upon. Test Method E2832 defines a method to measure theperformance of pavement markings in condit
6、ions of simulated rain.NOTE 1Test Method E2176 defines a method to use to measure the performance of pavement markings in conditions of simulated rain.1.4 This test method specifies the use of portable or mobile reflectometers that can measure pavement markings in accordancewith Test Method E1710.2
7、The entrance and observation angles required of the retroreflectometer in this test method are commonlyreferred to as “30 meter geometry.”21.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport
8、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international
9、standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.
10、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B965 Specification for High Performance Tin-Coated Annealed Copper Wire Intended for Electrical and Electronic Applicationfor SolderabilityD6359 Specification for Minimum Retroreflectance of Newly Applied Pavement Marking Using Portable Hand-OperatedInstrument
11、s (Withdrawn 2006)4E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE965 Test Method for Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth Using a Volumetric Technique1 This test method is u
12、nder the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on Retroreflection.Current edition approved June 1, 2011May 1, 2018. Published June 2011May 2018. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 asE2177
13、01 (2009).E2177 11. DOI: 10.1520/E217711.10.1520/E2177-18.2 Reference ASTM E1710 “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Markings with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a PortableRetroreflectometer.” The standard measurement condition is intended to represent the angles corresp
14、onding to a distance of 30 m for the driver of a passenger car with aneye height of 1.2 m and a headlight height of 0.65 m above the road. See Appendix X1.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
15、Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically poss
16、ible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
17、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E1710 Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using aPortable RetroreflectometerE2176E2832 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance of Pavement Markings in a Stan
18、dardCondition of Continuous Wetting (RL-RainL-2) (Withdrawn 2013)2.2 Other Standard:CENEN 1436 Road Marking MaterialsRoad Marking Performance for Road Users and Test Methods43. Terminology3.1 coeffcient of retroreflected luminance, RL,nthe ratio of the luminance, L, of a projected surface to the nor
19、mal illuminance,E, at the surface on a plane normal to the incident light, expressed in candelas per square metremeter per lux (cdm(cd/m-22)/lx./lx1). Because of the low luminance of pavement markings, the units commonly used are millicandelas per square metremeterper lux (mcdm(mcd/m-22)/lx./lx).3.2
20、 condition of wetness, nthe test condition is created by liberally wetting the roadpavement marking and waiting a certaintime period after wetting for water to run off.3.2.1 DiscussionSimilar conditions exist when roadpavement markings are wet or damp such as typically found after a rain has ended o
21、r from dewand high humidity.3.3 mobile retroreflectometer, na retroreflectometer that has been mounted to a vehicle for purposes of taking measurementswhile the vehicle is moving.3.4 portable retroreflectometer, nan instrument that can be used in the field or laboratory for measuring the coefficient
22、 ofretroreflected luminance, RL.3.5 “recovery method” or “bucket method”, nalternative names commonly used to describe this test method for achievingmeasurements in condition of wetness.3.6 RL-wet,nthe retroreflectance value, RL, obtained 45 s after wetting. (See Fig. 2.)4. Significance and Use4.1 T
23、he nighttime performance of pavement markings is determined by the coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL, be it dryor wet, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.4.2 Under the same conditions of headlight illumination
24、and driversdrivers viewing, larger values of RL correspond to higherlevels of visual performance at corresponding geometry.4.3 The pavement markings measured performance in the standard condition of wetness is used to characterize the performanceof the marking on the road when wet.4 Available from E
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