ASTM D5283-1992(2009) Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities Quality Assurance and Quality Control Planning and Implementatio.pdf
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1、Designation: D 5283 92 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forGeneration of Environmental Data Related to WasteManagement Activities: Quality Assurance and QualityControl Planning and Implementation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5283; the number immediately following the desig
2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Environmental data generation e
3、fforts are composed offour parts: (1) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs);(2) design of field measurement and sampling strategies andspecification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance crite-ria; (3) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and(4) data quality assessment.
4、 This practice addresses the plan-ning and implementation of the sampling and analysis aspectsof environmental data generation activities (Parts (1) and (2)above).1.2 This practice defines the criteria that must be consideredto assure the quality of the field and analytical aspects ofenvironmental d
5、ata generation activities. Environmental datainclude, but are not limited to, the results from analyses ofsamples of air, soil, water, biota, waste, or any combinationsthereof.1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to application of thispractice. Data generated in accordance with this practice aresubject
6、to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOswere met. For example, many screening activities do notrequire all of the mandatory quality assurance (QA) and qualitycontrol (QC) steps found in this practice to generate dataadequate to meet the project DQOs. The extent to which all ofthe requirem
7、ents must be met remains a matter of technicaljudgement as it relates to the established DQOs.1.4 This practice presents extensive management require-ments designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. Thewords “must,”“ shall,” “may,” and “should” have been selectedcarefully to reflect the imp
8、ortance placed on many of thestatements made in this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica
9、-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1A complete table of contents of this practice is given inAppendix X1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterE 1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment32.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Docum
10、ents:4SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Vol 1,Third Edition (NTIS No. PB88239223/LL), November1986QAMS-005/80 (NTIS No. PB83170514/LL), InterimGuidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality As-surance Project Plans, Office of Monitoring Systems andQuality Assurance, December 29,
11、1980EPA/QAMS, Development of Data Quality Objectives, De-scription of Stages I and II, July 16, 1986QAMS 004/80 (NTIS No. PB83219667/LL), Guidelinesand Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Pro-gram Plans, Office of Monitoring Systems and QualityAssurance, September 20, 19802.3 Other docume
12、nts related to the subject matter of thispractice are cited in Appendix X2. This list is not intended tobe comprehensive.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms most applicable to this practicehave been defined in Terminologies D 1129 and E 1187.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
13、1 background samplea sample taken from a locationon or proximate to the site of interest and used to documentbaseline or historical information.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for
14、Sampling.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5286 92 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM
16、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 collocated samplesindependent samples collectedas close as possible to the same point in space and time andintended to be identical.3.2.3 data quality objectives (DQOs)statements on thelevel of u
17、ncertainty that a decision maker is willing to acceptin the results derived from environmental data (see EPA/QAMS, July 16, 1986).3.2.4 environmental data generation activity tasks asso-ciated with the production of environmental data, includingplanning, sampling, and analysis.3.2.5 equipment rinsat
18、e (equipment blank)a sample ofanalyte-free media that has been used to rinse the samplingequipment. This blank is collected after the completion ofdecontamination and prior to sampling and is useful fordocumenting the adequate decontamination of sampling equip-ment.3.2.6 field blanka sample of analy
19、te-free media similar tothe sample matrix that is transferred from one vessel to anotheror exposed to the sampling environment at the sampling site.This blank is preserved and processed in the same manner asthe associated samples and is used to document contaminationin the sampling and analysis proc
20、ess.3.2.7 field duplicatescollocated samples that are analyzedindependently and are useful in documenting the precision ofthe sampling and analytical process.3.2.8 laboratory control samplea known matrix spikedwith compound(s) representative of the target analytes andused to document laboratory perf
21、ormance.3.2.9 material blanka sample composed of constructionmaterials such as those used in well installation, well develop-ment, pump and flow testing, and slurry wall construction.Examples of these materials are bentonite, sand, drilling fluids,and source and purge water. This blank documents the
22、 con-tamination resulting from use of the construction materials.3.2.10 matrix duplicatean intralaboratory split sampleused to document the precision of a procedure in a givensample matrix.3.2.11 matrix spikean aliquot of sample spiked with aknown concentration of target analyte(s) and used to docum
23、entthe bias of an analytical process in a given sample matrix. Thespiking occurs prior to sample preparation and analysis.3.2.12 matrix spike duplicatesintralaboratory splitsamples spiked with identical concentrations of target ana-lyte(s) and used to document the precision and bias of aprocedure in
24、 a given sample matrix. The spiking occurs prior tosample preparation and analysis.3.2.13 method blankan analyte-free media, to which allreagents are added in the same volumes or proportions used insample processing. The method blank must be carried throughthe complete sample preparation and analyti
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