ASTM D5185-2005 Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oil.pdf
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1、Designation: D 5185 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, andContaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination ofSelected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively CoupledPlasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)1This standard is
2、 issued under the fixed designation D 5185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial c
3、hange since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONCosts associated with maintenance due to engine and machine wear can be significant. Therefore,diagnostic methods for determining the condition of engines and othe
4、r machinery can be important.This test method is intended to quantify, for the purpose of equipment monitoring, the concentrationof metals in used lubricating oils. Although the precision statement was determined by analyzing avariety of used oils this test method can, in principle, be used for the
5、analysis of unused oils to providemore complete elemental composition data than Test Methods D 4628, D 4927,orD 4951.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of additiveelements, wear metals, and contaminants in used lubricatingoils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectro
6、m-etry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1.1.2 This test method covers the determination of selectedelements, listed in Table 1, in re-refined and virgin base oils.1.3 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below190 nm, a vacuum or inert-gas optical path is required. Thedet
7、ermination of sodium and potassium is not possible on someinstruments having a limited spectral range.1.4 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibrationand does not purport to quantitatively determine insolubleparticulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, andlow results are
8、 obtained for particles larger than a fewmicrometers.21.5 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limitof the calibration curves can be determined with additional,appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.1.6 For elements other than calcium, sulfur, and zinc, thelow limit
9、s listed in Table 2 and Table 3 were estimated to be tentimes the repeatability standard deviation. For calcium, sulfur,and zinc, the low limits represent the lowest concentrationstested in the interlaboratory study.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values give
10、n in parentheses are for informationonly.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
11、 limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 6.1, 8.2, and 8.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 1109 Test Method for Analysis of Aqueous Leachatesfrom Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission SpectrometryD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur i
12、n Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use asAnalytical StandardsD 4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
13、mittee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 518502e2.2Eisentraut, K. J., Newman, R.
14、W., Saba, C. S., Kauffman, R. E., and Rhine, W.E., Analytical Chemistry, Vol 56, 1984.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils byAtomic Absorption SpectrometryD 4927 Test Met
16、hods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricantand Additive ComponentsBarium, Calcium, Phospho-rus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-Dispersive X-RayFluorescence SpectroscopyD 4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometr
17、yE 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals, Ores, and Related Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 emission spectroscopyrefer to Terminology E 135.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 additive elementa constituent of a chemical com-pound that improves t
18、he performance of a lubricating oil.3.2.2 analytean element whose concentration is beingdetermined.3.2.3 Babington-type nebulizera device that generates anaerosol by flowing a liquid over a surface that contains anorifice from which gas flows at a high velocity.3.2.4 calibrationthe process by which
19、the relationshipbetween signal intensity and elemental concentration is deter-mined for a specific element analysis.3.2.5 calibration curvethe plot of signal intensity versuselemental concentration using data obtained by making mea-surements with standards.3.2.6 contaminanta foreign substance, gener
20、ally undesir-able, introduced into a lubricating oil.3.2.7 detection limitthe concentration of an analyte thatresults in a signal intensity that is some multiple (typically two)times the standard deviation of the background intensity at themeasurement wavelength.3.2.8 inductively-coupled plasma (ICP
21、)a high-temperature discharge generated by flowing an ionizable gasthrough a magnetic field induced by a load coil that surroundsthe tubes carrying the gas.3.2.9 linear response rangethe elemental concentrationrange over which the calibration curve is a straight line, withinthe precision of the test
22、 method.3.2.10 profilinga technique that determines the wave-length for which the signal intensity measured for a particularanalyte is a maximum.3.2.11 radio frequency (RF)the range of frequencies be-tween the audio and infrared ranges (3 kHz to 300 GHz).3.2.12 wear metalan element introduced into t
23、he oil bywear of oil-wetted parts.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A weighed portion of a thoroughly homogenized usedoil is diluted tenfold by weight with mixed xylenes or otherTABLE 1 Elements Determined and Suggested WavelengthsAElement Wavelength, nmAluminum 308.22, 396.15, 309.27Barium 233.53, 455.4
24、0, 493.41Boron 249.77Calcium 315.89, 317.93, 364.44, 422.67Chromium 205.55, 267.72Copper 324.75Iron 259.94, 238.20Lead 220.35Magnesium 279.08, 279.55, 285.21Manganese 257.61, 293.31, 293.93Molybdenum 202.03, 281.62Nickel 231.60, 227.02, 221.65Phosphorus 177.51, 178.29, 213.62, 214.91, 253.40Potassiu
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