ASTM D4963 D4963M-2011 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands and Fabrics《玻璃绳和织物点燃损失的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D4963/D4963M 11Standard Test Method forIgnition Loss of Glass Fiber Strands and Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4963/D4963M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers primarily the determination ofignition loss of glass fiber textiles. This method applies to glassf

3、iber strands, twisted or untwisted, coated or uncoated; andfabrics, woven, nonwoven, knitted, coated, and uncoated, andchopped strand. This procedure may be applied to other glasstextiles where the amount of organic content obtained byignition loss is required.NOTE 1This test method may be used with

4、 other glass fiber classifi-cations, such as C or D, but a different ignition temperature and exposuretime may be required. In these cases the manufacturer should be consultedfor the appropriate ignition conditions.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separa

5、tely as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,

6、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD578 Sp

7、ecification for Glass Fiber StrandsD7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Prod-ucts3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor all terminology related to Subcommit-tee D13.18 on Glass Fibers, see Terminology D7018.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminolo

8、gy D123. For information on thedesignation of construction of glass strands, refer to Specifi-cation D578.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The organic content on glass fiber textiles is determinedby weighing the specimen before and after ignition. Theamount of ignition loss on a sample is reported as a

9、percentageof the total mass before ignition.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable.5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences inreported

10、 test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of b

11、ias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two

12、laboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before the testing begins. If a bias is found, eitherits cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results

13、in the view ofthe known bias.5.2 Glass fiber textiles are provided with various sizings orcoatings. These provide a protection for the individual fibers,yarns, or fabric that may compose the glass fiber textile as wellas compatibility with further finishing requirements. Theamount of sizing or coati

14、ng on glass fiber textiles as deter-mined by this procedure is used for process control.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber and itsProducts.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published

15、May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4963 04. DOI:10.1520/D4963-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s

16、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 ReelA hand- or motor-driven reel having at least a1-m 1-yd perimeter. The reel shall be fitted with a tra

17、versingmechanism that will avoid bunching the successive wraps, andwith an indicator of the length wound. A warning bell that willring at a specified length is recommended. It is advisable thatone arm will be collapsible to allow for easy removal of skeins.6.2 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining

18、625 6 25C1157 6 45F.6.3 Air Circulating Drying Oven, capable of maintaining atemperature of 105 6 2C 220 6 4F.6.4 Thermometer, or thermocouple, for muffle furnace ca-pable of registering 625C with 25C maximum increments1157F with 45F maximum increments.6.5 Analytical Balance, 200-g capacity, readabl

19、e to 0.001 g.6.6 Weighing Containers.36.7 Hood, suitable for removing combustion products.6.8 Desiccator, of sufficient size to hold the weighingcontainers and an efficient desiccant.6.9 Tongs, long handle, heat-resistant.6.10 Gloves, heat-resistant.7. Safety Hazards7.1 PrecautionsAvoid contact with

20、 the hot muffle fur-nace. Use tongs to remove samples. Prescribed safety glovesshould be worn when performing high-temperature over 45Cor 100F testing. Place hazard warning safety signs in aconspicuous place. The muffle furnace must be located under ahood suitable for removing combustion products.8.

21、 Sampling and Number of Specimens8.1 Lot SizeA lot is defined as a single shipment of asingle type of glass fiber textile. A lot may constitute all or partof a single customer order.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take the number of sampling units of glass fiber textilesdirected

22、 in an applicable material specification or other agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier.8.3 Laboratory SampleConsider strand packages or fabricrolls or chopped strand quantities of at least 50 g to be alaboratory sample unless otherwise agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.8

23、.4 Test SpecimensAs test specimens for acceptance test-ing, proceed as follows:8.4.1 For strands, take two lengths of strand, each weighingat least 6 g from each package in the laboratory sample.8.4.2 For fabrics, cut two test specimens at least 103 cm216 in.2 and weighing at least 6 g from the labo

24、ratory samplein such a way that no specimen is closer than one tenth thewidth of the swatch from the selvage with no two specimenscut perpendicular to the warp containing the same set of warpends or if cut parallel to the filling, containing the same set offilling picks, and the specimens from diffe

25、rent swatches areeach taken from a different part of the width of the swatches,with no specimen being taken within1m1ydoftheveryoutside of the roll.8.4.3 For bulk glass textiles, such as chopped strand, taketwo quantities randomly as test specimens, each weighing atleast 6 g from each laboratory sam

26、pling unit.9. Procedure9.1 Precondition each test specimen by drying for1hat1056 2C 220 6 4F, unless otherwise specified. Remove thetest specimens from the drying oven and cool in the desiccatorfor a minimum of 10 min in the standard atmosphere for testingglass textiles.NOTE 2Conditioning is often o

27、mitted in current lab practices, butmust be used to resolve finish level conflicts between purchaser andsupplier.9.2 Precondition the weighing containers by placing theempty containers in the muffle furnace at 625 6 25C 1157 645F. After 30 min, remove and cool in the standard atmo-sphere for testing

28、 glass textiles for 30 min.9.3 Weigh the empty container to the nearest 0.001 g.Record this as the tare mass, T.9.4 Identify each container with respect to each test speci-men.NOTE 3When it is known that no ash residue separates from thespecimen during the weighing and igniting process, the specimen

29、 isallowed to be weighed separately without the container. When this occurs,T equals zero.9.5 Place the test specimen in the container and weigh to thenearest 0.001 g. Record this as the initial mass, A.9.6 With the test specimen in the container, place in themuffle furnace. Ignite at 625 6 25C 1157

30、 6 45F for at least30 min.NOTE 4For fabrics with less than 3 % loss on ignition, somemanufacturers have found that ignition time of 10 min is sufficient. In caseof dispute, the conditions in 9.6 shall be used.9.7 Remove the container with specimen residue from themuffle furnace and cool in the desic

31、cator for at least 30 min inthe standard atmosphere for testing glass textiles.9.8 Remove each container and test specimen separatelyfrom the desiccator, and immediately weigh to the nearest0.001 g. Record this as the ignited mass, B.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the ignition loss of the glass texti

32、le in percentto three significant digits for each specimen using Eq 1:10.2 Calculate the average ignition loss for each samplingunit and for the lot as directed in an applicable materialspecification or contract order.Ignition loss, % 5 100 3 A 2 B!/A 2 T! (1)where:A = initial mass of container and

33、specimen before ignition,g,B = mass of container and glass residue after ignition, g,andT = mass of container (Note 3).3Porcelain Crucible, Coors No. E-7, or other containers or holders, suitable forexposure to 625 6 25C 1157 6 45F, have been found satisfactory for thispurpose.D4963/D4963M 11211. Re

34、port11.1 Report that the specimens were tested for ignition lossas directed in Test Method D4963. Include the product descrip-tion.11.2 Report, for each laboratory sampling unit of glasstextile, the average ignition loss.11.3 Report, for the lot average, the average ignition loss forall laboratory s

35、ampling units that were tested.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn 95 out of 100 cases when comparingtwo averages of two determinations each, the differencesshould not exceed the following amounts when all of thedeterminations are taken by the same well trained operatorusing the same piece of test

36、equipment and specimens ran-domly drawn from the same sample of material but tested atdifferent times.Class 1 vinyl-coated glass yarn0.8 % of the averageClass 2 vinyl-coated glass yarn1.5 % of the averageLarger differences are likely to occur under all other condi-tions. This test method has no bias

37、 since the true value ofignition loss can only be defined in a specific test method.Paragraphs 12.2-12.4 explain the basis for this summary andfor evaluations made under other conditions.12.1.1 The values in Table 1 are shown in percent of theaverage. It is expected that the values will also apply t

38、o otherforms of glass textiles.12.2 Interlaboratory Test Data4An interlaboratory testwas run in 1986 in which randomly drawn specimens of aClass 1 vinyl-coated glass yarn and a Class 2 vinyl-coated glassyarn were tested in each of four laboratories. Each laboratoryused two operators, each of whom te

39、sted two specimens ofeach material at different times. The components of varianceexpressed as coefficients of variation are listed in Table 1.NOTE 5The square roots of the components of variance are beingreported to express the variability as percent ignition loss rather than as thesquare of that un

40、it of measure.12.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported inTable 1, two averages of observed values should be consideredsignificantly different at the 95 % probability level if thedifference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTable 2.NOTE 6Since the interlaboratory test i

41、ncluded only four laboratories,estimates of between-laboratory precision should be used with specialcaution.NOTE 7The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement ca

42、n be made aboutany two specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias if any, betweenthem must be established, with each comparison based on recent dataobtained on specimens taken from a lot of material of the type beingevaluated and nearly homogeneous as possible and then randomlyassigned in

43、 equal numbers to the two laboratories.12.4 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of ignition loss can be defined only in termsof a test method.13. Keywords13.1 glass fabrics; glass textiles; glass yarns; ignition loss4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Internationa

44、l Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting RR:D13-1078.TABLE 1 Coefficients of Variation, Vinyl-Coated Glass Yarns,Percent of AverageMaterialSingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentClass 1Single-Material 0.41 0.91 0.00Multi-Material 0.41 0.91 0.99Class 2Sing

45、le-Material 0.77 0.00 0.85Multi-Material 1.23 0.00 0.85TABLE 2 Critical Differences for the Conditions Noted, Vinyl-Coated Glass Yarns, 95 % Probability Level, Percent of AverageNumber ofObservations inEach AverageSingle-OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecisionClass 1Si

46、ngle-Material Comparison1 1.1 2.8 2.82 0.8 2.6 2.65 0.5 2.6 2.610 0.4 2.5 2.5Class 1Multi-Material Comparisons1 1.1 2.8 3.92 0.8 2.6 3.85 0.5 2.6 3.810 0.4 2.5 3.7Class 2Single-Material Comparisons1 2.1 2.1 3.22 1.5 1.5 2.85 1.0 1.0 2.510 0.7 0.7 2.5Class 2Multi-Material Comparisons1 2.5 2.5 3.42 2.

47、0 2.0 3.15 1.6 1.6 2.910 1.4 1.4 2.8D4963/D4963M 113ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rig

48、hts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for

49、 revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Uni