ASTM D2799-2005a Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal《显微测定煤的煤素质组分的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 2799 05aStandard Test Method forMicroscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition ofCoal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniquesused for determining the physical composition of a coal samplein te
3、rms of volume percent of the organic components and ofmineral matter, if desired.1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test methodbecause of established trade usage. The word is used to meanboth force and mass and care must be taken to determine whichis meant in each case (the SI unit for
4、force is newton and formass, kilogram).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
5、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD 2797 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Micro-scopic Analysis by Reflected LightD 2798 Test Method for Microscopical Determination ofthe Vitrinite Reflectance of CoalD 3174 Test Method forAsh
6、in theAnalysis Sample of Coaland Coke from CoalD 3177 Test Method for Total Sulfur in theAnalysis Sampleof Coal and Coke3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms, refer to Terminol-ogy D 121.3.2 ClassificationThe classification of the microscopicconstituents into groups of similar proper
7、ties in a given coal isas follows:Maceral Group MaceralVitrinite Liptinite or (exinite) alginitecutiniteresinitesporiniteInertinite fusiniteinertodetrinitemacrinitemicrinitefunginitesecretinitesemifusinite3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 alginite, na liptinite maceral that is
8、 generally spheri-cal or ovoid, frequently having a crenulated border andsomewhat irregular reflectance and sometimes occurring inclusters reflecting an origin from Botryococcus algae.3.3.1.1 DiscussionAlginite often occurs as degraded frag-ments derived from colonial or unicellular bodies.3.3.2 cut
9、inite, na liptinite maceral in the form of a sheetreflecting its origin from leaf- or twig-covering plant cuticle,frequently exhibiting reticulation in planar section and aserrated edge in cross section.3.3.3 exinite, nDeprecated term. Use preferred term lip-tinite; sometimes has also been used as a
10、 synonym forsporinite.3.3.4 funginite, nan inertinite maceral occurring as roundor ovoid bodies, frequently containing voids, reflecting anorigin from fungal sclerotia; also occurs (especially in lowerrank coals) as interlaced, stringy materials derived from fungalhyphae.3.3.5 fusinite, nan inertini
11、te maceral distinguished princi-pally by the preservation of some feature(s) of the plant cellwall structure, and with a particle size greater than 50 mexcept when it occurs as a fragment within the binder matrix;see also semifusinite.3.3.6 inertinite, nmacerals that exhibit higher reflectancethan o
12、ther organic substances in the coal.3.3.6.1 DiscussionIn any coal ranked lower than anthra-citic, inertinite reflectance commonly spans the range fromonly slightly higher than associated vitrinite to very highreflectance (often as high as Ro$6 %). In anthracitic rankcoals, inertinite reflectance may
13、 be lower than that of vitrinite,and is then recognized by its morphology and form of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on PetrographicAnalysis of Coal and Coke.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2
14、005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 2799 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
15、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.anisotropy. Highly reflecting inertinite commonly exhibitsrelief on polished surface. Its name derives from the fact thatmost varieties b
16、ehave inertly in the thermoplastic deformationduring the coking process (except in its lowest reflectingmanifestation). The volatile matter yield of inertinite is lowerthan that of other macerals in the same coal.3.3.7 inertodetrinite, nan inertinite maceral occurring asindividual, angular, clastic
17、fragments incorporated within thematrix of other macerals (commonly vitrinite) or minerals, andin the size range from 2 to 50 m.3.3.8 liptinite, nmacerals that exhibit lower reflectancethan other organic substances in a coal, appearing black to darkgray and that fluoresce under blue to ultraviolet l
18、ight in coalsranked high volatile bituminous and lower.3.3.8.1 DiscussionThe fluorescence of liptinite distin-guishes fine-grained liptinite from similar sized, low reflec-tance, nonfluorescing clay minerals. Liptinite is derived prin-cipally from lipid substances forming skins (exines) andresinous
19、secretions or exudates of plants. Liptinite is sub-classified on the basis of morphology inherited from plantstructure. In coals in which vitrinite reflectance exceeds about1.4 %, liptinite can be indistinguishable from vitrinite. Liptinitehas the highest volatile matter yield of the macerals in a c
20、oal.3.3.9 maceral, nan organic substance in coal that isdistinguished and classified (see maceral classification)onthebasis of its optical microscopic properties.3.3.9.1 DiscussionMacerals originate from plant tissues,secretions, and exudates that have been altered by geologicalprocesses and may con
21、tain up to several weight percent ofinorganic elements in microscopically indistinguishable form.3.3.10 maceral classification, nThe systematic division ofthe organic substances (macerals) in coal based on theirappearance in the optical microscopic.3.3.10.1 DiscussionAlthough macerals may be identif
22、iedin translucent, thin sections using criteria not defined herein,this test method deals only with identification and classificationbased on microscopic appearance on polished surfaces accord-ing to Practice D 2797. Three major maceral groups arerecognized on the basis of relative reflectance in wh
23、ite light,specifically: vitrinitemoderately reflecting (intermediategray), liptinitepoorly reflecting (black to dark gray), andinertinitehighly reflecting (light gray to white). Each groupcan be subdivided on the basis of other microscopicallydistinctive features such as: reflectance contrasts (rela
24、tiveshades of gray); morphology, that is, shape and size (morpho-logic distinctions in definitions contained herein are idealizedbecause morphologic appearance depends on the initial form ofthe source material, its state of preservation, including granu-lation, and on the orientation of the cross se
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