ASTM D2148-2013 Standard Test Methods for Bondable Silicone Rubber Tapes Used for Electrical Insulation《电绝缘用可粘结硅橡胶带的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D2148 02 (Reapproved 2008)1D2148 13 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forBondable Silicone Rubber Tapes Used for ElectricalInsulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina

2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe units statement in subsection 1.3 was corrected editorially in July

3、2008.1. Scope Scope*1.1 These test methods cover tests for bondable silicone rubber tapes which form a sealed structure either with the applicationof heat (and pressure if needed) or by the process of auto-adhesion (self-fusing).1.2 The methods appear in the following sections:Test Method SectionAdh

4、esion 3 9Bond Strength 10 17Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 18 25Hardness 40Length 32 and 33Thickness 26 31Width 35 391.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for C. The values in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for informati

5、on only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryli

6、mitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see 22.1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials atCommercial Power FrequenciesD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Elec

7、trical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)3D1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic ApplicationsD1458 Test Methods for Fully Cured Silicone Rubber-Coated Glass Fabric and Tapes for Electrical InsulationD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer H

8、ardnessD6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)32.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Tack tester (one drawing)4ADHESION3. Scope3.1 This test method covers the determination of the self-adhesion of unsupported, self-fusing silicone rubber rectangular andtaper-edge (No

9、te 1) tape designed for use as electrical insulation.1 These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2

10、008Nov. 1, 2013. Published July 2008November 2013. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 asD2148 02 (2008)1. DOI: 10.1520/D2148-02R08E01.10.1520/D2148-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at servicea

11、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD2148. Original

12、adjunct produced in 1965.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends tha

13、t users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C

14、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 1Taper-edge tape includes such cross sections as triangular, lens, etc.4. Significance and Use4.1 Self-adhesion is a primary initial property since it affects layer-to-layer bonding. The integrity of the bond can significantlyaffect the electrical and p

15、hysical performance of the insulation system. Therefore, the degree of self-adhesion is directly relatedto apparatus performance.4.2 A high degree of self-adhesion is desirable for most electrical applications. In this test, a short unwinding length indicatesa high degree of self-adhesion.4.3 This t

16、est method has been found useful as a quality control test for lot acceptance.5. Apparatus5.1 Inclined Mandrel Tack Test Fixture A suggested fixture is shown in Fig. 1.4 The mandrel shall consist of a 58-in.(15.9-mm) diameter aluminum rod mounted in low-friction bearings. Good alignment of bearings

17、is necessary for accurate results.When properly assembled, the mandrel shall turn freely when loaded with a 1-oz (30-g) weight suspended from a cotton threadwound in a single layer at the center of the mandrel.5.2 Weights, as specified in Section 7 and means for attachment.6. Test Specimen6.1 A test

18、 specimen shall consist of two pieces of tape 12 to 15 in. (300 to 380 mm) long. Divisions spaced 1 in. (25.4 mm)apart shall be marked off on one piece of tape. If tapes contain an interliner, the interliner shall be removed just prior to wrappingthe mandrel. Dirt and other forms of contamination sh

19、all be avoided.7. Procedure7.1 WindingHalf lap the unmarked specimen perfectly on the mandrel of the test fixture, using the suggested weight as shownin Table 1. These weights are not critical. However, they are necessary to get intimate contact and conformability of the tape. Toobtain perfect half

20、lapping, tilt the tack tester at an appropriate angle as shown in Fig. 1. Wrap the tape on the mandrel at a speedof approximately 18 in. (450 mm)/min. Using the winding procedure and weights just described, half lap the marked tape sampleon the mandrel over the first piece of tape. With the winding

21、weight attached, return the test fixture to a horizontal position andallow the tape to bond for 1 min. Remove the winding weight from the tape and the handle from the fixture and proceed with theunwinding test.7.2 UnwindingAfter the tape has bonded for 1 min, attach a load of 21 oz (600 g)/in. (25 m

22、m) of the original tape width (Note2). Attach the weight to the free end of the tape by means of a bulldog paper clamp or other suitable device. Release the weightand record the length of tape unwound in 3 min. Although the original 1-in. dimensions will elongate due to the unwind weight,consider ea

23、ch division as one unit. While the winding weights are not critical, the use of proper unwinding weights is mandatory.Consistent and comparable results depend upon accurate width measurements and the use of the proper unwinding weight.FIG. 1 Inclined Mandrel Tack Test FixtureD2148 132NOTE 2Commercia

24、l tapes are usually made to a 6116-in. (61.59- mm) tolerance. Therefore a 600-g weight shall be used for tapes varying in widthfrom 1516 to 1116 in. (23.8 to 27 mm); a 750-g weight shall be used for tapes varying in width from 1316 to 1516 in. (30.2 to 33.3 mm) and a 900-g weightshall be used for ta

25、pes varying in width from 1716 to 1916 in. (36.5 to 39.7 mm). Tapes with widths outside these ranges shall be tested in accordancewith their width (determined to the nearest 116 in. (1.59 mm). For example, a 118-in. (28.6 mm) wide tape shall be tested with a 675-g weight. Theunwinding weights shall

26、be made to a tolerance of 6 2 %.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Description of material, type of cross-section, tape width and thickness,8.1.2 Winding weight, in grams,8.1.3 Unwinding weight, in grams, and8.1.4 Length of unwind, to the nearest 14 unit.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Thi

27、s test method has been in use for many years, but no information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base astatement of precision. No activity has been planned to develop such information.9.2 This test method has no bias because the value for adhesion is determined solely in terms of this test

28、method itself.BOND STRENGTH10. Terminology10.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:10.1.1 bond strength, of unvulcanized and semivulcanized supported silicone rubber tapesthe strength of chemical linkagesachieved between successive layers of tape under controlled vulcanizing conditions.11

29、. Significance and Use11.1 The bond strength is an indication of the physical integrity that can be expected under end use conditions in which theinsulating tapes are applied with an overlap.12. Apparatus12.1 Bonding PressA platen press having the following characteristics:12.1.1 A temperature range

30、 to 205 C (400 F).12.1.2 A thermostat that will allow a set temperature to be maintained 6 5 C (6 9 F).12.1.3 A pressure regulator to allow setting and control of the platen pressure.12.1.4 A pressure indicator to show the pressure being exerted between the platen faces.12.1.5 A timer to allow measu

31、rement of bonding time. It is preferred that a controller-type timer be used which will bothindicate bonding time and also cause the platen pressure to be released and the platens separated at the end of the bonding period.12.2 Temperature-Measuring Device(s) to indicate face temperature of the plat

32、en(s).12.3 Silicone Rubber Pad, approximately 18 in. (3.20 mm) thick, 60 to 70 ShoreAdurometer hardness, larger in dimension thanthe specimens to be tested. This is used as a pressure-equalizing device, compensating for irregularities in either the specimen orthe platens.12.4 Polytetrafluoroethylene

33、 or suitable release film, three sheets, approximately 2 to 4 mils (0.05 to 0.10 mm) thick. One sheetis placed on each side of the specimens as a release sheet, the third sheet being used to separate the ends of the two test specimens.TABLE 1 Suggested Winding Weights For 1-in. Wide TapesNOTE 1Windi

34、ng weights are based on cross-sectional area and havebeen selected to produce approximately the same unit stress on allcross-sections. For tapes of dimensions not listed, use a winding weight ofapproximately 10.5 oz (300 g)/0.01 in.2 (6.3 mm2)Tape Thickness, in. (mm) Weight, oz (g)Triangular Rectang

35、ular0.020 (0.51) 0.010 (0.25) 10.5 (300)0.030 (0.76) 0.015 (0.38) 15.8 (450)0.040 (1.02) 0.020 (0.51) 21.0 (600)0.050 (1.27) 0.025 (0.64) 26.4 (750)0.060 (1.52) 0.030 (0.76) 31.7 (900)0.070 (1.78) . 37.0 (1050)0.080 (2.03) . 42.3 (1200)D2148 13312.5 Testing MachineA power-driven testing machine of e

36、ither the cross head or dead-weight pendulum type. The machineshall be equipped with a tension weighing device having a maximum capacity of 50 lb (22.7 kg) graduated to read 0.1 lb (50 g)or less per scale division.13. Test Specimen13.1 The test specimen shall be selected to be representative of the

37、material to be tested. The size of sample shall be sufficientto give six strips at least 1.25 to 1.5 in. (32 to 38 mm) wide and 6 in. (150 mm) long. Care shouldshall be taken to preventcontamination.14. Conditioning14.1 The specimen shall not be exposed to temperatures above 30 C (85 F) before bondi

38、ng. The tests shall be conducted inthe Standard Laboratory Atmosphere as described in Practice D6054.15. Procedure15.1 Cut the strips of material to 1.25 to 1.5 in. (32 to 38 mm) wide and at least 6 in. (150 mm) long, the length being measuredin the warp or machine direction of the backing.15.2 Remo

39、ve any interliner material.15.3 Superimpose one strip on another, front side to back side, to form a specimen.15.4 Separate the two strips at one end for a distance of about 1 in. (25 mm) and insert a strip of release film.15.5 Preheat the press to 177 C (350 F).15.6 Assemble the test specimens betw

40、een two sheets of release film. Place the assembly on the unheated silicone rubber padand insert in the press.15.7 Close the press and apply 50 psi (345 kPa) pressure to the specimens for 5 min.15.8 Release the pressure, remove the specimens, and allow them to cool for at least 5 min.15.9 Remove the

41、 release film and trim the specimens to a 1-in. (25-mm) width.15.10 Clamp one separated end in the upper jaw of the testing machine; peel the other separated end back 180 deg and clampit in the lower jaw.15.11 Adjust the testing machine to provide a jaw separation rate of 20 in. (500 mm) per min. If

42、 the pendulum-type machineis used, disengage the pawls during the test. Record the average observed force for each specimen using the technique describedfor adhesion strength in Test Methods D1000.16. Report16.1 Report the following information:16.1.1 Bond strength of each specimen and the average i

43、n pounds per inch or newtons per metre of width, and16.1.2 Bonding time, pressure, and temperature used, if other than as specified.17. Precision and Bias17.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but no information has been presented to ASTM upon which to base astatement of precision. No

44、 activity has been planned to develop such information.17.2 This test method has no bias because the value for bond strength is determined solely in terms of this test method itself.DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE18. Scope18.1 This test method covers determination of the breakdown voltage of unsupporte

45、d bondable silicone rubber tapes withtapered edges (Note 3) for use as electrical insulation.18.2 The method to be used for rectangular cross section tapes is described in Test Methods D1458.NOTE 3Tapes with tapered edges include such cross sections as triangular and lens-shaped.19. Significance and

46、 Use19.1 The level of dielectric breakdown voltage as determined by this test is one measure of the quality of both material andfabrication methods used in producing the tape. This voltage value should not be compared directly with It is not appropriate tomake direct comparisons between this voltage

47、 value and the results of tests made on rectangular cross section tapes. For furtherdetails, refer to Test Method D149.D2148 13420. Apparatus20.1 Test Fixture, It shall be designed to support a removable mandrel 18 in. (15.9 mm) in diameter and about (20 in.) (500 mm)in length. This fixture may be O

48、ne example of the type of fixture is a modification of the one described in 5.1.20.2 Voltage Source, capable of applying alternating voltage and increasing it at the rate of 500 V/s. This equipment shallconform to the requirements of Test Method D149.21. Test Specimen21.1 The test specimen shall con

49、sist of lengths of bondable tape about 0.75 to 2 in. (19 to 50 mm) wide and of sufficient lengthto cover the entire mandrel.21.2 Adjust the mandrel to such an angle as will provide a half-lapped tape on winding. Wrap the tape on the mandrel at a linearspeed of 18 in.(450 mm)/min using the winding weight shown in Table 2.NOTE 4Winding weights are based on cross sectional area and have been selected to approximate the same unit stress for all cross sections. For tapesof dimensions other than listed, use a winding weight of about 30