ASTM C232 C232M-2014 Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete《混凝土泌水现象的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C232/C232M 13cC232/C232M 14Standard Test Method forBleeding of Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C232/C232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshlymixed concrete.1

3、.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ bymore than 1 kg 2 lb.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact e

4、quivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalentsare not used in practice.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard

5、designation in Specification E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those

6、in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and dete

7、rmine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure).22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids

8、 in AggregateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the

9、LaboratoryC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology C125.4. Significa

10、nce and Use4.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment,environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It is also permitted to be used to determine the conformance of a productor treatment with a requirement relatin

11、g to its effect on bleeding of concrete.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.60on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013April 1, 2014. Published January 20

12、14April 2014. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asC232/C232M 13b.C232/C232M 13c. DOI: 10.1520/C0232_C0232M-13c.10.1520/C0232_C0232M-14.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3 For reference

13、dASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the us

14、er of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard a

15、s published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without f

16、urther disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete isnot subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.5. Apparatus5.1 ContainerA cylindrical container of approximately 14-L 12-ft3 capacity, having an inside diameter of 255 6 5 mm 106 14 in. and an inside height of 280 6 5 mm 11 6 1

17、4 in. The container shall conform to the requirements for a measure inTest Method C29/C29M. The inside shall be free of corrosion, coatings, or lubricants.5.2 Scale, of sufficient capacity to determine the mass of the load required with an accuracy of 0.5 %. Balances or scales shallbe calibrated at

18、least annually or whenever there is reason to question the accuracy of the equipment.5.3 Pipet, or similar instrument, for drawing off free water from the surface of the test specimen.5.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting and measuring the quantity of water withdrawn.5.5 Tamping RodA ro

19、und, straight steel rod, 16 mm 58 in. in diameter and approximately 610 mm 24 in. in length, havingthe tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, the diameter of which is 16 mm 58 in.5.6 The apparatus listed in 5.7, 5.8, and 5.9 are required if the procedure of measuring the amount of bleed water r

20、ecovered isone involving weighing, evaporation, and reweighing.5.7 Metal Beaker (Optional)A 1000-mL metal beaker for collecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.5.8 Balance (Optional)A balance sensitive to 1 g for determining the mass of the decanted water and sludge.5.9 Hot Plate (Optional

21、)A small electric hot plate or other source of heat for evaporating decanted water.6. Test Specimen6.1 For concrete made in the laboratory, prepare as described in Practice C192/C192M. For concrete made in the field, samplethe concrete as described in Practice C172/C172M. The apparatus described in

22、this test method is permitted to be used withsamples of concrete containing any size of aggregate graded up to and including a nominal maximum size of 50 mm 2 in.Concrete containing aggregate larger than 50 mm 2 in. in nominal maximum size shall be wet sieved over a 37.5 mm 112-in.sieve and the test

23、 performed on a portion of the sample that passes through the sieve.6.2 Determine the proportion of net mixing water (total water minus water absorbed by the aggregates) in the batch of concretebeing tested from the batch weights data.6.3 Determine the mass of the empty container. Fill the container

24、 with the concrete in accordance with Test MethodC138/C138M except that the container shall be filled to a height of 255 6 3 mm 10 6 18 in. Level the top surface of the concreteusing no more than three passes of a trowel. Determine the mass of the container and concrete.7. Procedure7.1 During the te

25、st, maintain the ambient temperature between 18 and 24 C 65 and 75 F. Immediately after troweling thesurface of the specimen, record the time. Place the specimen and container on a level platform or floor free of noticeable vibrationand cover the container to prevent evaporation of the bleed water.

26、Keep the cover in place throughout the test, except when drawingoff the water. Draw off (with pipet or similar instrument) the water that has accumulated on the surface at 10-min intervals duringthe first 40 min and at 30-min intervals thereafter until cessation of bleeding, recording the time of la

27、st observation. To facilitatethe collection of bleed water, tilt the specimen carefully by placing a block approximately 50 mm 2 in. thick under one side ofthe container 2 min prior to each time the water is withdrawn.After the water is removed, return the container to a level position without jarri

28、ng. After each withdrawal, transfer the water toa 100-mL graduated cylinder. Record the accumulated quantity of water after each transfer. If it is desired to determine the massof the bleed water and to exclude the material present other than the water, carefully decant the contents of the cylinder

29、into a metalbeaker. Determine the mass and record the mass of the beaker and its contents. Dry the beaker and its contents to constant massand record the final mass. The difference between the two masses, D, is equal to the mass of the bleed water. The mass of the sludgeshall also be obtained, if de

30、sired, by initially determining the tare mass of the beaker.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, V, as follows:V 5V1/A (1)where:V 1 = volume of bleed water measured during the selected time interval, mL, andA = area of exposed concrete, cm2.The comparative

31、rate of bleeding shall be determined as the test progresses by comparing the volume of bleed water for eachequal time interval.C232/C232M 1428.2 Calculate the accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of the net mixing water contained within the testspecimen, as follows:C 5w/W! 3S (2)Bleedi

32、ng,%5D/C! 3100where:C = mass of net mixing water in the test specimen, g,W = total mass of the batch, kg,w = mass of net mixing water in the batch (the total amount of water minus the water absorbed by the aggregates), kg,S = mass of the specimen, g, andD = accumulated mass of the bleed water, g, (t

33、otal volume withdrawn from the test specimen in mL multiplied by 1 g/mL).9. Report9.1 Concrete mixture proportions,9.2 Source and identification of each material used,9.3 The volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, and the accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of the netmixing w

34、ater contained within the test specimen, and9.4 Elapsed time required for cessation of bleeding.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision:10.1.1 Data are available to evaluate the precision of the test method for concrete consolidated by vibration. There is reason tobelieve that the precision of tests fo

35、r concrete consolidated by rodding is at least as good as that for concrete consolidated byvibration. The values given shall be used as maximum precision limits for concrete consolidated by rodding.NOTE 2In earlier versions of this test method, there were two consolidation procedures: Method A by ro

36、dding and Method B by using a vibratingplatform. Precision data had been obtained for Method B and because both methods used the same procedures for determining the amount of bleed waterthe precision for Method B is applicable to Method A. In 2013, Method B was deleted from the test method. The prec

37、ision statement is based onconsolidation using a vibrating platform and is provided to give the user information on the magnitude of the variation that is expected for concreteconsolidated by rodding.10.1.2 The single operator-day-multibatch standard deviation (1s) has been found to be 0.71 % for a

38、bleeding range from 0 to10 %, 1.06 % for a bleeding range from 10 to 20 %, and 1.77 % for more than 20 %. Therefore, results of two properly conductedtests by the same operator on the same day on different batches of the same mixture are not expected to differ by more than 2.0 %(d2s) for a bleeding

39、range from 0 to 10 %, 3.0 % for a range from 10 to 20 %, and 5.0 % for more than 20 %. (See Note 23.)NOTE 3These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in Practice C670.10.2 BiasThe test method has no bias because the values determined can be defined only in terms of

40、 the test method.11. Keywords11.1 bleeding; concrete, bleeding ofSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13c, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved April 1, 2014.)(1) Revised section 10.1

41、.1 and added Note 2.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13b, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved December 15, 2013.)(1) Revised sections 6.2, 6.3, and 7.1.C232/C232M 143Committee C0

42、9 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13a, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved October 1, 2013.)(1) Revised sections 1.3, 2.1, 5.2, 6.1, and 8.2.(2) Added Section 3, Terminology.Committee C09 has identified the lo

43、cation of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved August 1, 2013.)(1) Revised 4.1 to remove the description of smooth.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted

44、 in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the

45、 responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive ca

46、reful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internatio

47、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C232/C232M 144