ASTM C232 C232M-2013c Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete《混凝土泌水现象的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C232/C232M 13cStandard Test Method forBleeding of Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C232/C232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relativequantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample offreshly mixed concrete.1.2 When variou

3、s concretes are to be compared, if thebatches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall notdiffer by more than 1 kg 2 lb.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; ther

4、efore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Some values have only SI units because theinch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Spe

5、ci-fication E11. the alternative designation given in parentheses is forinformation only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figu

6、res) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b

7、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC125 T

8、erminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC670 Prac

9、tice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method referto Terminology C125.4. Significance and Use4.1 This te

10、st method provides procedures to be used fordetermining the effect of variables of composition, treatment,environment, or other factors in the bleeding of concrete. It isalso permitted to be used to determine the conformance of aproduct or treatment with a requirement relating to its effect onbleedi

11、ng of concrete.4.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested withoutfurther disturbance simulates conditions in which the concreteis not subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.5. Apparatus5.1 ContainerA cylindrical container of approximately14-L 12-ft3 capacity, having an inside dia

12、meter of 255 6 5mm 10 614 in. and an inside height of 280 6 5mm11614 in. The container shall conform to the requirements for ameasure in Test Method C29/C29M. The inside shall be free ofcorrosion, coatings, or lubricants.5.2 Scale, of sufficient capacity to determine the mass of theload required wit

13、h an accuracy of 0.5 %. Balances or scalesshall be calibrated at least annually or whenever there is reasonto question the accuracy of the equipment.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommitte

14、eC09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C232/C232M 13b.DOI: 10.1520/C0232_C0232M-13c.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of

15、 ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appe

16、ars at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Pipet, or similar instrument, for drawing off free waterfrom the surface of the test specimen.5.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting andmea

17、suring the quantity of water withdrawn.5.5 Tamping RodA round, straight steel rod, 16 mm 58in. in diameter and approximately 610 mm 24 in. in length,having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, thediameter of which is 16 mm 58 in.5.6 The apparatus listed in 5.7, 5.8, and 5.9 are required i

18、fthe procedure of measuring the amount of bleed water recov-ered is one involving weighing, evaporation, and reweighing.5.7 Metal Beaker (Optional)A 1000-mL metal beaker forcollecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.5.8 Balance (Optional)A balance sensitive to1gfordetermining the mass of t

19、he decanted water and sludge.5.9 Hot Plate (Optional)Asmall electric hot plate or othersource of heat for evaporating decanted water.6. Test Specimen6.1 For concrete made in the laboratory, prepare as de-scribed in Practice C192/C192M. For concrete made in thefield, sample the concrete as described

20、in Practice C172/C172M. The apparatus described in this test method is permit-ted to be used with samples of concrete containing any size ofaggregate graded up to and including a nominal maximum sizeof 50 mm 2 in. Concrete containing aggregate larger than 50mm 2 in. in nominal maximum size shall be

21、wet sieved overa 37.5 mm 112-in. sieve and the test performed on a portionof the sample that passes through the sieve.6.2 Determine the proportion of net mixing water (totalwater minus water absorbed by the aggregates) in the batch ofconcrete being tested from the batch weights data.6.3 Determine th

22、e mass of the empty container. Fill thecontainer with the concrete in accordance with Test MethodC138/C138M except that the container shall be filled to aheight of 255 6 3mm10618 in. Level the top surface ofthe concrete using no more than three passes of a trowel.Determine the mass of the container

23、and concrete.7. Procedure7.1 During the test, maintain the ambient temperature be-tween 18 and 24 C 65 and 75 F. Immediately aftertroweling the surface of the specimen, record the time. Placethe specimen and container on a level platform or floor free ofnoticeable vibration and cover the container t

24、o prevent evapo-ration of the bleed water. Keep the cover in place throughoutthe test, except when drawing off the water. Draw off (withpipet or similar instrument) the water that has accumulated onthe surface at 10-min intervals during the first 40 min and at30-min intervals thereafter until cessat

25、ion of bleeding, record-ing the time of last observation. To facilitate the collection ofbleed water, tilt the specimen carefully by placing a blockapproximately 50 mm 2 in. thick under one side of thecontainer 2 min prior to each time the water is withdrawn.After the water is removed, return the co

26、ntainer to a levelposition without jarring. After each withdrawal, transfer thewater to a 100-mL graduated cylinder. Record the accumulatedquantity of water after each transfer. If it is desired todetermine the mass of the bleed water and to exclude thematerial present other than the water, carefull

27、y decant thecontents of the cylinder into a metal beaker. Determine themass and record the mass of the beaker and its contents. Drythe beaker and its contents to constant mass and record the finalmass. The difference between the two masses, D, is equal to themass of the bleed water. The mass of the

28、sludge shall also beobtained, if desired, by initially determining the tare mass ofthe beaker.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the volume of bleed water per unit area ofsurface, V, as follows:V 5 V1/A (1)where:V1= volume of bleed water measured during the selectedtime interval, mL, andA = area of exposed

29、 concrete, cm2.The comparative rate of bleeding shall be determined as thetest progresses by comparing the volume of bleed water foreach equal time interval.8.2 Calculate the accumulated bleed water, expressed as apercentage of the net mixing water contained within the testspecimen, as follows:C 5 w

30、/W! 3 S (2)Bleeding, % 5 D/C! 3100where:C = mass of net mixing water in the test specimen, g,W = total mass of the batch, kg,w = mass of net mixing water in the batch (the total amountof water minus the water absorbed by the aggregates),kg,S = mass of the specimen, g, andD = accumulated mass of the

31、bleed water, g, (total volumewithdrawn from the test specimen in mL multiplied by1 g/mL).9. Report9.1 Concrete mixture proportions,9.2 Source and identification of each material used,9.3 The volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, andthe accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of

32、thenet mixing water contained within the test specimen, and9.4 Elapsed time required for cessation of bleeding.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision:10.1.1 Data are available to evaluate the precision of the testmethod for concrete consolidated by vibration. There is reasonto believe that the precisi

33、on of tests for concrete consolidatedby rodding is at least as good as that for concrete consolidatedby vibration. The values given shall be used as maximumprecision limits for concrete consolidated by rodding.C232/C232M 13c210.1.2 The single operator-day-multibatch standard devia-tion (1s) has been

34、 found to be 0.71 % for a bleeding range from0 to 10 %, 1.06 % for a bleeding range from 10 to 20 %, and1.77 % for more than 20 %. Therefore, results of two properlyconducted tests by the same operator on the same day ondifferent batches of the same mixture are not expected to differby more than 2.0

35、 % (d2s) for a bleeding range from 0 to 10 %,3.0 % for a range from 10 to 20 %, and 5.0 % for more than20 %. (See Note 2.)NOTE 2These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s)limits as described in Practice C670.10.2 BiasThe test method has no bias because the valuesdetermined can be defin

36、ed only in terms of the test method.11. Keywords11.1 bleeding; concrete, bleeding ofSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13b, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved December 15, 2013.)(

37、1) Revised sections 6.2, 6.3, and 7.1.Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13a, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved October 1, 2013.)(1) Revised sections 1.3, 2.1, 5.2, 6.1, and 8.2. (2) Added Section

38、 3, Terminology.Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 13, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved August 1, 2013.)(1) Revised 4.1 to remove the description of smooth.ASTM International takes no position re

39、specting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This

40、 standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inter

41、national Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown b

42、elow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C232/C232M 13c3