ASTM C232 C232M-2013a Standard Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete《混凝土泌水现象的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C232/C232M 13C232/C232M 13aStandard Test Method forBleeding of Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C232/C232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative

3、quantity of mixing water that will bleed from a sample of freshlymixed concrete.1.2 When various concretes are to be compared, if the batches are of similar unit weight, the sample masses shall not differ bymore than 1 kg 2 lb.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be re

4、garded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footno

5、tes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the u

6、ser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure).22. Referenced Documents2

7、.1 ASTM Standards:3C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in AggregateC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Sp

8、ecimens in the LaboratoryC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method provides procedures to be used for determining the effect of variables of composition, treatment,environment, or other factors in

9、the bleeding of concrete. It is also permitted to be used to determine the conformance of a productor treatment with a requirement relating to its effect on bleeding of concrete.3.2 A specimen consolidated by rodding and tested without further disturbance simulates conditions in which the concrete i

10、snot subjected to intermittent vibration after placement.4. Apparatus4.1 ContainerA cylindrical container of approximately 14-L 12-ft3 capacity, having an inside diameter of 255 6 5 mm 106 14 in. and an inside height of 280 6 5 mm 11 6 14 in. The container shall conform to the requirements for a mea

11、sure inTest Method C29/C29M. In addition, the inside surface of the container The inside shall be free of corrosion, coatings, orlubricants.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.6

12、0on Testing Fresh Concrete.Current edition approved June 15, 2013Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asC232/C232M 12.C232/C232M 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0232_C0232M-13.10.1520/C0232_C0232M-13a.2 Section on Safety Precautions, Manual o

13、f Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the

14、 ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users con

15、sult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken

16、, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Scale, of sufficient capacity to determine the mass of the load required with an accuracy of 0.5 %. Balances or scales shallbe calibrated at least annually or whenever there is reason to question the accuracy of the equipment. Equipment not in operatingcondition or

17、 out of tolerance shall be marked as such and taken out of service until corrected.4.3 Pipet, or similar instrument, for drawing off free water from the surface of the test specimen.4.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting and measuring the quantity of water withdrawn.4.5 Tamping RodA roun

18、d, straight steel rod, 16 mm 58 in. in diameter and approximately 610 mm 24 in. in length, havingthe tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, the diameter of which is 16 mm 58 in.4.6 The apparatus listed in 4.7, 4.8, and 4.9 are required if the procedure of measuring the amount of bleed water rec

19、overed isone involving weighing, evaporation, and reweighing.4.7 Metal Beaker (Optional)A 1000-mL metal beaker for collecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.4.8 Balance (Optional)A balance sensitive to 1 g for determining the mass of the decanted water and sludge.4.9 Hot Plate (Optional)A

20、 small electric hot plate or other source of heat for evaporating decanted water.5. Test Specimen5.1 For concrete made in the laboratory, prepare as described in Practice C192/C192M. For concrete made in the field, samplethe concrete as described in Practice C172. The apparatus described in this tes

21、t method is permitted to be used with samples ofconcrete containing any size of aggregate graded up to and including a nominal maximum size of 50 mm 2 in. Concretecontaining aggregate larger than 50 mm 2 in. in nominal maximum size shall be wet sieved over a 37.5 mm 112-in. sieve andthe test perform

22、ed on a portion of the sample that passes through the sieve.5.2 Fill the container with the concrete in accordance with Test Method C138/C138M except that the container shall be filledto a height of 254 6 3 mm 10 6 18 in. Level the top surface of the concrete to a reasonably smooth surface by a mini

23、mumamount of troweling.6. Procedure6.1 During the test, maintain the ambient temperature between 18 and 24 C 65 and 75 F. Immediately after troweling thesurface of the specimen, record the time and determine the mass of the container and its contents. Place the specimen and containeron a level platf

24、orm or floor free of noticeable vibration and cover the container to prevent evaporation of the bleed water. Keepthe cover in place throughout the test, except when drawing off the water. Draw off (with pipet or similar instrument) the waterthat has accumulated on the surface at 10-min intervals dur

25、ing the first 40 min and at 30-min intervals thereafter until cessationof bleeding, recording the time of last observation. To facilitate the collection of bleed water, tilt the specimen carefully by placinga block approximately 50 mm 2 in. thick under one side of the container 2 min prior to each t

26、ime the water is withdrawn. Afterthe water is removed, return the container to a level position without jarring.After each withdrawal, transfer the water to a 100-mLgraduated cylinder. Record the accumulated quantity of water after each transfer. When only the total volume of bleeding is desiredto b

27、e determined, the periodic removal procedure shall be omitted and the entire amount removed in a single operation. If it isdesired to determine the mass of the bleed water and to exclude the material present other than the water, carefully decant thecontents of the cylinder into a metal beaker. Dete

28、rmine the mass and record the mass of the beaker and its contents. Dry the beakerand its contents to constant mass and record the final mass. The difference between the two masses, D, is equal to the mass of thebleed water. The mass of the sludge shall also be obtained, if desired, by initially dete

29、rmining the tare mass of the beaker.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, V, as follows:V 5V1/A (1)where:V 1 = volume of bleed water measured during the selected time interval, mL, andA = area of exposed concrete, cm2.The comparative rate of bleeding shall b

30、e determined as the test progresses by comparing the volume of bleed water for eachequal time interval.7.2 Calculate the accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of the net mixing water contained within the testspecimen, as follows:C 5w/W! 3S (2)Bleeding,%5D/C! 3100C232/C232M 13a2where:C =

31、 mass of the water in the test specimen, g,W = total mass of the batch, kg,w = net mixing water (the total amount of water minus the water absorbed by the aggregates), kg,S = mass of the sample, g, andD = mass of the bleed water, g, or total volume withdrawn from the test specimen in cubic centimete

32、rs multiplied by 1 g/cm3.8. Report8.1 Concrete mixture proportions,8.2 Source and identification of each material used,8.3 The volume of bleed water per unit area of surface, and the accumulated bleed water, expressed as a percentage of the netmixing water contained within the test specimen, and8.4

33、Elapsed time required for cessation of bleeding.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision:9.1.1 Data are available to evaluate the precision of the test method for concrete consolidated by vibration. There is reason tobelieve that the precision of tests for concrete consolidated by rodding is at least as g

34、ood as that for concrete consolidated byvibration. The values given shall be used as maximum precision limits for concrete consolidated by rodding.9.1.2 The single operator-day-multibatch standard deviation (1s) has been found to be 0.71 % for a bleeding range from 0 to10 %, 1.06 % for a bleeding ra

35、nge from 10 to 20 %, and 1.77 % for more than 20 %. Therefore, results of two properly conductedtests by the same operator on the same day on different batches of the same mixture are not expected to differ by more than 2.0 %(d2s) for a bleeding range from 0 to 10 %, 3.0 % for a range from 10 to 20

36、%, and 5.0 % for more than 20 %. (See Note 1.)NOTE 1These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in Practice C670.9.2 BiasThe test method has no bias because the values determined can be defined only in terms of the test method.10. Keywords10.1 bleeding; concrete, bl

37、eeding ofSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,C232/C232M 12C232/C232M 13, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved AprilAugust 1,2013.)(1) Removal of the method of consolidating by vibration (old se

38、ctions 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) and restatement of the precision(Section Revised 4.1 to remove the description of smooth.9.1).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expr

39、essly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revise

40、d, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may a

41、ttend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States

42、. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C232/C232M 13a3