ASTM A1058-2012 Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetric《钢制品机械测试的标准试验方法(公制)》.pdf

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1、Designation:A105809 Designation: A1058 12An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1058; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case

2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover mechanical tests described in ASTM, EN,2ISO,3and JIS4standards tha

3、t utilize the SI system ofunits. The test methods in each system are not exact equivalents. Each standards system (ASTM, EN, ISO, and JIS) shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining requirements from any two or more systems may result in nonconformance with thepurchase order.1.2 These test m

4、ethods cover procedures for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The variousmechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testingmethods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing ar

5、e to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. Inthose cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, theproduct specification testing requirements shall control.1.3 Only one of the testing procedure tracks shall

6、 be followed: ASTM, EN, ISO, or JIS. When a test method or practice is notavailable in one of the tracks then an appropriate test method or practice from an alternative track shall be used. The respectivetests are listed in the column shown in Table 1.NOTE 1The test methods in each system are not ex

7、act equivalents.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Attention is directed to Practice ISO 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testinglaboratories.1.6 This standard d

8、oes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan

9、dards:5A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness TestersA1038 Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance MethodE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Ma

10、terialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials b

11、y Portable Hardness TestersE190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of WeldsE290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility2.2 Other Documents:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct

12、responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A105808. DOI: 10.1520/A1058-09.Current edi

13、tion approved March 15, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A1058 09. DOI:10.1520/A1058-12.2Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.3Available from International Organi

14、zation for Standardization, 1 rue de Varemb, Case postale, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.4Available from Japanese Standards Association, 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http:/www.jsa.or.jp.5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o

15、r contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes

16、have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official

17、document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division I6EN 10002-1 Metallic MaterialsTensile TestingPart

18、1: Method of Test (at Ambient Temperature)EN 10045-1 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Impact TestPart 1: Test MethodEN 10045-2 Charpy Impact Test on Metallic MaterialsMethod for the Verification of Impact Testing MachinesEN 10232 Metallic MaterialsTube (in Full Section)Bend TestEN ISO 2566-1 SteelConversion

19、 of Elongation ValuesPart 1: Carbon and Low Alloy SteelsEN ISO 2566-2 SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart 2: Austenitic SteelsEN ISO 6506-1 Metallic MaterialsBrinell Hardness TestPart 1: Test MethodEN ISO 6508-1 Metallic MaterialsRockwell Hardness TestPart 1: Test Method (Scales A, B, C, D, E,

20、F, G, H, K, N, T)EN ISO 7438 Metallic MaterialsBend TestISO 148-1 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Pendulum Impact TestPart 1: Test MethodISO 148-2 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Pendulum Impact TestPart 2: Verification of Test MachinesISO 2566-1 SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart 1: Carbon and Low Alloy St

21、eelsISO 2566-2 SteelConversion of Elongation ValuesPart 2: Austenitic SteelsISO 6506-1 Metallic MaterialsBrinell Hardness TestPart 1: Test MethodISO 6508-1 Metallic MaterialsRockwell Hardness TestPart 1: Test Method (Scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)ISO 6892 Metallic MaterialsTensile Testing a

22、t Ambient TemperatureISO 7438 Metallic MaterialsBend TestISO 8491 Metallic MaterialsTube (in Full Section)Bend TestISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration LaboratoriesJIS B 7722 Charpy Pendulum Impact TestVerification of Testing MachinesJIS Z 2201 Test Pieces for

23、 Tensile Test for Metallic MaterialsJIS Z 2241 Method of Tensile Test for Metallic MaterialsJIS Z 2242 Method of Charpy Pendulum Impact Test for Metallic MaterialsJIS Z 2243 Brinell Hardness TestTest MethodJIS Z 2245 Rockwell Hardness TestTest MethodJIS Z 2248 Method of Bend Test for Metallic Materi

24、als3. General Precautions3.1 The ASTM track is the default track; if other than the ASTM track is used that track shall be reported.3.2 Certain methods of fabrication, such as bending, forming, and welding, or operations involving heating, may affect theproperties of the material under test. Therefo

25、re, the product specifications cover the stage of manufacture at which mechanicaltesting is to be performed. The properties shown by testing prior to fabrication may not necessarily be representative of the productafter it has been completely fabricated.3.3 Improper machining or preparation of test

26、specimens may give erroneous results. Care should be exercised to assure goodworkmanship in machining. Improperly machined specimens should be discarded and other specimens substituted.3.4 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results. If any test specimen develops flaws, the retest provision of the

27、 applicableproduct specification shall govern.3.5 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimenpreparation, it may be discarded and another specimen taken.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME International

28、, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Tests and Applicable StandardsTest Sections ASTM EN ISO JISTension 5 to 12 E8/E8M 10002-1 6892 Z 2241Bend 13 E190 7438A7438 Z 2248E290Bend (tube) 13 10232 8491 Hardness 14Brinell 15 E10 6506-1A6506-1 Z 2243Rockwell 16 E18

29、6508-1A6508-1 Z 2245Portable 17 A833 E110A1038Impact 18 to 26 E23 10045-1 148-1 Z 2242Keywords 27 AThese standards are designated EN ISO; this identifies the adoption of ISOstandards by EN. “EN ISO” is part of the designation.A1058 1224. Orientation of Test Specimens4.1 The terms “longitudinal test”

30、 and “transverse test” are used only in material specifications for wrought products and are notapplicable to castings. When such reference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:4.1.1 Longitudinal Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the le

31、ngthwise axis of the specimen is parallel to thedirection of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a longitudinal tension test specimenis in the direction of the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a longitudinal bend test specimen is at rig

32、ht angles to thedirection of greatest extension.4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is at right anglesto the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging. The stress applied to a transverse ten

33、sion testspecimen is at right angles to the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold of a transverse bend test specimen is parallel to thegreatest extension.4.2 The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are used in material specifications for some wrought circular products and arenot applica

34、ble to castings. When such reference is made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply:4.2.1 Radial Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpendicular to theaxis of the product and coincident with one of the radii

35、 of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center.4.2.2 Tangential Test, unless specifically defined otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpendicularto a plane containing the axis of the product and tangent to a circle drawn with a point on the axis

36、 of the product as a center.TENSION TEST5. Description5.1 The tension test related to the mechanical testing of steel products subjects a machined or full-section specimen of thematerial under examination to a measured load sufficient to cause rupture. The resulting properties sought are defined in

37、TestMethods E8/E8M, EN 10002-1, ISO 6892, or JIS Z 2241 as applicable.5.2 In general, the testing equipment and methods are given in Test Methods E8/E8M, EN 10002-1, ISO 6892 and JIS Z 2241.However, there are certain exceptions to these practices; these exceptions are covered in this standard.6. Tes

38、ting Apparatus and Operations6.1 Loading SystemsThere are two general types of loading systems, mechanical (screw power) and hydraulic. These differchiefly in the variability of the rate of load application. The older screw power machines are limited to a small number of fixedfree running crosshead

39、speeds. Some modern screw power machines, and all hydraulic machines permit stepless variationthroughout the range of speeds.6.2 The tension testing machine shall be maintained in good operating condition, used only in the proper loading range, andcalibrated periodically in accordance with the lates

40、t revision of the appropriate practices.NOTE 2Many machines are equipped with stress-strain recorders for autographic plotting of stress-strain curves. It should be noted that somerecorders have a load measuring component entirely separate from the load indicator of the testing machine. Such recorde

41、rs are calibrated separately.6.3 LoadingIt is the function of the gripping or holding device of the testing machine to transmit the load from the heads ofthe machine to the specimen under test. The essential requirement is that the load shall be transmitted axially. This implies thatthe centers of t

42、he action of the grips shall be in alignment, insofar as practicable, with the axis of the specimen at the beginningand during the test and that bending and twisting be held to a minimum.6.4 Speed of TestingThe speed of testing shall not be greater than that at which load and strain readings can be

43、madeaccurately. In production testing, speed of testing is commonly expressed (1) in terms of free running crosshead speed (rate ofmovement of the crosshead of the testing machine when not under load), or (2) in terms of rate of separation of the two heads ofthe testing machine under load, or (3) in

44、 terms of rate of stressing the specimen, or (4) in terms of rate of straining the specimen.The following limitations on the speed of testing are recommended as adequate for most steel products:NOTE 3Tension tests using closed-loop machines (with feedback control of rate) should not be performed usi

45、ng load control, as this mode of testingwill result in acceleration of the crosshead upon yielding and elevation of the measured yield strength.6.4.1 Any convenient speed of testing may be used up to one half the specified yield point or yield strength. When this pointis reached, the free-running ra

46、te of separation of the crossheads shall be adjusted so as not to exceed 0.025 mm per second per25 mm of reduced section, or the distance between the grips for test specimens not having reduced sections. This speed shall bemaintained through the yield point or yield strength. In determining the tens

47、ile strength, the free-running rate of separation of theheads shall not exceed 13 mm per min per 25 mm of reduced section, or the distance between the grips for test specimens nothaving reduced sections. In any event, the minimum speed of testing shall not be less than110 the specified maximum rates

48、 fordetermining yield point or yield strength and tensile strength.6.4.2 It shall be permissible to set the speed of the testing machine by adjusting the free running crosshead speed to the abovespecified values, inasmuch as the rate of separation of heads under load at these machine settings is les

49、s than the specified valuesof free running crosshead speed.6.4.3 As an alternative, if the machine is equipped with a device to indicate the rate of loading, the speed of the machine fromA1058 123half the specified yield point or yield strength through the yield point or yield strength may be adjusted so that the rate of stressingdoes not exceed 11 MPa per second. However, the minimum rate of stressing shall not be less than 1 MPa per second.7. Test Specimen Parameters7.1 SelectionTest coupons shall be se