【考研类试卷】英语-基础语法(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-基础语法(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.Sometimes children have trouble _ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A. to separate B. separatingC. for separating D. of separating（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.Although punctual himself, the professor

2、 was quite used _ late for his lecture.A. to have students B. for students beingC. for students to be D. to students being（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.Its no use _ me not to worry.A. you tell B. your tellingC. for you to have told D. having told（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4._ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused t

3、o listen.A. At B. In C. For D. On（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.The children prefer camping in the mountains _ an indoor activity.A. to B. than C. for D. with（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6._ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be free B. To free C. Freeing D. Freed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.

4、_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A. Until B. Before C. From D. Since（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8._ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.A. Giving B. To giveC. Given D. Being given（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.Not only

5、_ us light, but also it gives us heat.A. the sun gives B. the sun does giveC. gives the sun D. does the sun give（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10._ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To give B. GivenC. Giving D. Having given（分数：2

6、.00）A.B.C.D.11.I shall tell you what he _ at three oclock yesterday afternoon.A. was doing B. did C. had been doing D. has done（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.12.Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studied B. studyC. had been studying D. had studied（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.13.Tod

7、ay children _ everywhere in China.A. take good care of B. have taken good care ofC. had been taken good care of D. are being taken good care of（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.14.If you _ in such a hurry you _ sugar into the sauce instead of salt.A. were not, would not put B. were, would putC. had been, would have

8、put D. had not been, would not have put（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.15.The winter vacation _ over, he got down to his work again.A. was B. were C. had been D. being（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.16.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very

9、often.A. has to get B. were to getC. had got D. could have got（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.17.“John isnt here now.“ “ _ left by the back door?“A. Must he have B. Might he haveC. Had he D. Should he have（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.18._ that you were out, I wouldnt have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.A.

10、If I should know B. If I knowC. Had I known D. Were I to know（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.19._ for your help, wed never have been able to get over the difficulties.A. Had it not B. If it were notC. Had it not been D. If we had not been（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.20.If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time

11、 and money would have been lost.A. was not planned B. has not been plannedC. had not been planned D. were not planned（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.21.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.A. being settled B. to be settledC. had settled D. as settled（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.“Not unti

12、l science became prominent _ be abolished“, some people argue.A. did slavery come to B. slavery toC. had slavery come to D. that slavery came to（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.Jane was advised that she _ singing lessons.A. take B. will takeC. had taken D. took（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24.All of us would have enjoyed the

13、 party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A. werent B. hasnt beenC. hadnt been D. wouldnt be（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.25.San Francisco is usually cool in summer, but Los Angeles _.A. is rarely B. is scarcelyC. hardly is D. rarely is（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.You should have put the milk in the

14、icebox; I expect it _ undrinkable by now.A. became B. had becomeC. has become D. becomes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.The teacher tells William that he _ work hard next year.A. will have to B. would ratherC. has better D. had rather（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.Whatever the causes, English at the end of the 20th centur

15、y is more widely spoken and written than any other language _.A. ever was B. had ever beenC. has ever been D. would ever be（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.The doctor is feeling the little girls pulse. He says it _ normal.A. feels B. is feeling C. has felt D. is felt（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.Tom _ better than to ask D

16、ick for help.A. shall know B. shouldnt knowC. has known D. should have known（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then.A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.It _ five years since

17、the famous singer left her hometown.A. was B. is C. has passed D. had been（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.33.While John _, his brother is playing records.A. reads B. is readingC. has read D. has been reading（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.34.Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearingC. h

18、asnt heard D. hadnt heard（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.35.She looks like her mother, _?A. doesnt she B. isnt she C. hasnt she D. wont she（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.36.There has been a great increase in retail sales, _?A. does there B. isnt there C. hasnt there D. isnt it（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.37.By the time you get to New York,

19、 I _ for London.A. would be leaving B. am leavingC. have already left D. shall have left（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.38.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challenge B. may be challengedC. have been challenged D. are challenging（分

20、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.39.Many a writer of newspaper articles _ to writing novels.A. has turned B. have turnedC. have been turned D. has been turned（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.40.The Managing Director said that improving relations with the association would not be easy, but that they _ to try.A. would have decided B.

21、decideC. have decided D. had decided（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.41.“Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the movies?“ “Who would you rather _ with you, George or me?“A. to go B. have go C. have gone D. going（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.42.Physics is the present-day equivalent of _ used to be called natural philosoph

22、y, from which most of present-day science arose.A. that B. all C. which D. what（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.43.Thats a nice watch. I wish I _ one like it.A. have B. had C. have had D. can have（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.44.As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _.A. ought to be said B

23、. must sayC. have to be said D. need to say（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.45.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. would have C. have D. will have（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.46.The doctor suggested that your brother avoid _ his right hand.A. to be using B. usingC. having been using

24、D. to use（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.47.A new technique _, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A. working out B. having worked outC. having been worked out D. to have been worked out（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.48.The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied _ in the area on the night of

25、the fire.A. to be B. to have been C. having been D. be（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.49.The problem of _ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.A. what B. whom C. which D. how（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.50.All flights _ because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.A. having been canceled B. had

26、 been canceledC. having canceled D. were canceled（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.英语-基础语法(四)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.Sometimes children have trouble _ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A. to separate B. separatingC. for separating D. of sepa

27、rating（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 have trouble (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，作“做某事有困难”讲，短语中介词 in可以省略。例如：Andy is one of the students who have trouble making up their mind. 安迪是一个优柔寡断的学生。Northerners usually have trouble understanding the southerners accents. 通常北方人难以听懂南方人的口音。2.Although punctual himself, the profess

28、or was quite used _ late for his lecture.A. to have students B. for students beingC. for students to be D. to students being（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 be used to 作“习惯于”讲时，其中 to为介词，后可跟动名词或动名词的复合结构(即“名词所有格+动名词”)。例如：He is used to bellowing at his children. 他习惯对孩子大吼大叫。He is not used to being spoken to like

29、 that. 他不习惯别人用那种方式和他说话。3.Its no use _ me not to worry.A. you tell B. your tellingC. for you to have told D. having told（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Its no use doing sth. 是固定搭配，常用于口语中，意为“做是没有用的”，通常要用动名词的一般式，例如：Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。Its no use talking to him about it. 这件事情跟他谈没有用。该句型也可用动名词

30、的复合结构，指出动作的行为主体，例如：Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 假装不懂规则对你无用。Its no use our learning theory without practice. 我们只学理论而不付诸实践是徒劳无益的。由此可见，B项为正确答案。该句型中的形式主语 it一般不能引出主语从句，不能用动名词的完成式，更不能用不定式的完成式，故 A项、C 项和 D项都不正确。4._ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.A. At B. In

31、 C. For D. On（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 for 在这里意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于 in spite of，notwithstanding，例如：For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 虽然他尽了力，但还是没有成功。at，in 和 on则没有这种意义和用法。5.The children prefer camping in the mountains _ an indoor activity.A. to B. than C. for D. with（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 “prefer A to B”相

32、当于“like A better than B”，例如：I prefer quality to quantity. 我宁要质量好而不求数量多。Nowadays children prefer TV to reading. 如今儿童喜欢看电视，而不喜欢读书。I know that you prefer tea to coffee. 我知道与咖啡相比你更喜欢喝茶。6._ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be free B. To free C. Freeing D. Freed（

33、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 根据句子结构我们可以看出，该处应使用分词短语，表示原因，因此 A项和 B项应予以排除。又因为 free和 balloon具有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以 C项也可以排除。此处使用过去分词表示动作的被动和完成，例如：Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds. 在他的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。7._ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A. Un

34、til B. Before C. From D. Since（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 before，from 和 since与 quite recently连用不符合语法；before quite recently 一般要与过去完成时连用；from (since) quite recently 一般要与现在完成进行时连用。until 用在否定句中表示“直到才”之意，例如：It was not until the beginning of the century that man began to realize that it was the brain not the

35、heart that was the center of mind. 直到本世纪初，人们才逐渐认识到，是大脑而不是心脏是思维活动的中心。由此可见，A 项是正确答案。8._ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.A. Giving B. To giveC. Given D. Being given（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 过去分词 given有时可以作介词，后跟名词，可作“如果有”讲，相当于“with”，例如：Given much

36、more time, he would have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。Given good weather, our ship will reach Bombay Friday. 假如天气好，我们的船星期五就会到达孟买。Given the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding painter. 如果有机会，他也能成为一位杰出的画家。9.Not only _ us light, but also it gives us heat.A. the sun gives B. t

37、he sun does giveC. gives the sun D. does the sun give（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 当 at no time，by no means，hardly，in no case，in no time，in no way，in vain，neither，never，no sooner，nor，not once，not only，not until，on no account，rarely，seldom，under no condition，under no circumstances 等具有否定意义的词或短语或从句位于句首且作状语时，

38、主谓要部分倒装，例如：Not only does she sing like an angel, but also dances divinely. 她不但歌唱得像天使一样，而且舞跳得也跟天仙一般。由此可见 D项为正确答案。10._ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To give B. GivenC. Giving D. Having given（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解

39、析 过去分词短语作状语一般要和句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，但是，有时句子中的过去分词虽然和句子主语不是逻辑上的动宾关系，但却符合语法，因为这些过去分词功能相当于一个连词或介词，given 就是其中之一。given 可用作介词，意为“考虑到，假定，假如”，例如：Given the weather, the football game was quite good. 考虑到天气因素，这场足球赛踢得相当不错。Given that he was still a boy, I forgave him. 考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。11.I shall tell you what he _ at

40、three oclock yesterday afternoon.A. was doing B. did C. had been doing D. has done（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 此题旨在考查时态，题中的 at three oclock yesterday afternoon是明显的一般过去时间状语，因此该题应选 A项。12.Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studied B. studyC. had been studying D. h

41、ad studied（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 wish 后可跟宾语从句，从句中使用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。例如：I wished that I had never met you. 我要是没有遇见你就好了。I wish we had been traveling yesterday when the weather was so fine. 昨天天气很好，我们要是去旅游就好了。13.Today children _ everywhere in China.A. take good care of B. have taken good care ofC. had be

42、en taken good care of D. are being taken good care of（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 由于在句中作主语的 children和 take care of具有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此该处应使用被动语态，所以 A项和 B项不合适。C 项为过去完成时，与时间状语 today不搭配，可见只有 D项为正确答案。14.If you _ in such a hurry you _ sugar into the sauce instead of salt.A. were not, would not put B. were, would putC

43、. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 根据句意，我们可以看出，这里需要使用虚拟语气，表示对一般过去的假设。例如：If the facts had been collected earlier, we would have had more time to study them. 如果这些材料早些时候就搜集到，我们就会有更多的时间对其进行研究了。If natural resources had been fully utilized, industry would

44、 have developed more rapidly. 如果自然资源得到了充分利用，工业的发展本可以更快些。15.The winter vacation _ over, he got down to his work again.A. was B. were C. had been D. being（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在本句中没有任何连词，因此，这里不可能是两个完整的句子，而只能一个是句子主干，另一个是非谓语结构作状语，可见 A项、B 项和 C项全错。正确答案为 D项，因为“the winter vacation being over”是一独立分词结构，用来作状

45、语，表示时间，例如：Nobody haying any more to say, the meeting was closed. 大家都没有什么可说的了，会议就结束了。16.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to get B. were to getC. had got D. could have got（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析

46、 根据句意和句子结构，我们可以看出，think 后面需用虚拟语气，而 A项是陈述语气，故与题意不符。D 项不能用在虚拟条件从句中，故也应排除。C 项须用在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中，根据句意我们可以看出，本句的虚拟时间是将来时，因此，C 项错误，B 项正确，例如：If they were to talk over the problem again, they would get the right solution. 如果他们把这个问题再讨论一次，他们就会找到正确的解决问题的办法。If green plants should disappear some day, there would

47、 hardly be any life on the earth. 假如有一天绿色植物消失了，地球上就几乎不会有什么生命了。17.“John isnt here now.“ “ _ left by the back door?“A. Must he have B. Might he haveC. Had he D. Should he have（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 句型 might have done表示过去很小的可能性，例如：A word of encouragement might have made me respect instead of hating hi

48、m. 一句鼓励的话或许就会使我尊敬他而不是仇视他了。句型 must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推断，意为“一定，想必”。例如：He must have forgotten to wind the clock last night, didnt he?他昨晚准是忘记给表上弦了，不是吗?句型 should have done表示“过去应该做但未做”，这是虚拟语气的一种特殊表达方式。例如：You should have snatched a free moment for writing a letter. 你本应抽空写封信。18._ that you were out, I wouldnt have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.A. If I should know B. If I knowC. Had I known D. Were I to know（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析