ASTM D3691 D3691M-2019 Standard Performance Specification for Woven Lace and Knit Household Curtain and Drapery Fabrics.pdf

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1、Designation: D3691/D3691M 19Standard Performance Specification forWoven, Lace, and Knit Household Curtain and DraperyFabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3691/D3691M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This perform

3、ance specification covers the requirementsfor all knit, lace, foam back, stitch-bonded, conventionalweights, and sheer woven fabrics to be used in the manufactureof curtains and draperies.1.2 This performance specification is applicable to all fab-rics except those made of glass.1.3 For those proper

4、ties where fabric direction is pertinent,these requirements apply to the length and width directions forwoven fabric and to both the wale and course directions forknit fabric.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated inea

5、ch system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is

6、theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on stan

7、dard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D231 Methods of Testing Tolerances for Knit G

8、oods; Re-placed by D 3887 (Withdrawn 1980)3D1336 Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven FabricsD1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by theTongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-E

9、xtension Tensile Testing Machine)D2724 Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused,and Laminated Apparel FabricsD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings2.2 AATCC Standards4TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking: Croc

10、kmeter MethodTM16.3 Colorfastness to Light: Xenon ArcTM23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas FumesTM61 Colorfastness to Laundering: AcceleratedTM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crock-meter MethodTM124 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics After HomeLaunderingTM129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atm

11、osphere UnderHigh HumiditiesTM132 Colorfastness to DrycleaningTM135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics after Home Laun-dering1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current editi

12、on approved Jan. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3691 02(2008)which was withdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D3691_D3691M-19.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,

13、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile

14、 Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogniz

15、ed principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1TM172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach inHome Launderi

16、ngTM188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach inHome LaunderingEP1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEP2 Gray Scale for StainingEP8 Chromatic Transference Scale, 9-StepEP9 Visual Assessment of Color Difference of TextilesNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent par

17、t of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of other textile terms used inthis specification, refer to Terminology D7023 and to theTechnical Manual of the American Association o

18、f TextileChemists and Colorists.44. Significance and Use4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1.4.2 It should be recognized that fabric can be producedutilizing an almost infinite number of construction variables(e.g., type of fibers, percentage of

19、fibers, yarn twist, yarnnumber, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical fin-ished). Additionally, fashion and aesthetics dictate that theultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made fromfabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table1.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsChara

20、cteristics Knit and Lace Sheer (woven)Foam Back, Stitch Bonded, andConventional Weights (woven)SectionBreaking strength (load), (CRT method), inboth directionsA. 67 N (15 lbf),min89 N (20 lbf), min 5.1Bursting strength (ball burst)A138 kPa (20 lbf/in.2),min. . 5.2Tear strength (tongue tear), in both

21、directionsA. 4.4 N (1 lbf),min6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 5.3Dimensional change:After 5 launderings in both directions 3.0 % max +0.0% 3.0 % max0.0%3.0 % max +0.0% 5.4.1After 3 dry cleanings in both directions 3.0 % max +0.0% 3.0 % max+0.0%3.0 % max +0.0 % 5.4.2Distortion of yarn:1-lbf load . 2.54 mm (0.1i

22、n.),max. 5.52-lbf load . . 2.54 mm (0.1 in.),maxColorfastness to laundering:BShade ChangeStainingClass 4CminClass 3DminClass 4CminClass 3DminClass 4CminClass 3Dmin5.6.1Colorfastness to dry cleaning:Shade change Class 4Cmin Class 4Cmin Class 4Cmin 5.6.2Burnt gas fumes, 2 cycles:Shade changeAfter 1 re

23、furbishingClass 4CminClass 4CminClass 4CminClass 4CminClass 4CminClass 4Cmin5.6.3Crocking:DryWetClass 4EminClass 3EminClass 4EminClass 3EminClass 4EminClass 3Emin5.6.4Light (60 AATCC FU), xenonAStep 4Cmin Step 4Cmin Step 4Cmin 5.6.5Ozone, 1 cycle Class 4Cmin Class 4Cmin Class 4Cmin 5.6.6Fabric appea

24、rance SA 3.5Fmin SA 3.0 min SA 3.5 min 5.7Retention of hand, character, andappearanceNo significant change No significantchangeNo significant change 5.8Durability of back coating No significant change No significantchangeNo significant change 5.9Flammability pass pass pass 5.10Light degradationG. .

25、. 5.11AThere is more than one standard test method that can be used to measure breaking strength, bursting strength, tear strength, and lightfastness. These test methodscannot be used interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them (see Note 2, Note 3, Note 4, Note 5, and Note

26、 9).BClass in colorfastness and SArating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change, colortransfer, or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.CAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.DAATCC

27、Gray Scale for Staining.EAATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.FFor durable-press fabrics only.GThe development of a standard method has been referred to the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.D3691/D3691M 1924.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-bly appl

28、y to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thisend-use.4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods.5. Test Methods (Note 1)5.1 Breaking Force (Woven Fabrics Only)Determine thedry breaking f

29、orce (load) as directed in the grab test procedureof Test Method D5034, using a constant- rate- of -extension(CRE) tensile testing machine.NOTE 2If preferred a constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testingmachine may be used. There may be no overall correlation between theresults obtained with the

30、 CRT machine and with the CRE machine.Consequently, these two breaking load testers cannot be used interchange-ably. In case of controversy, the CRE method shall prevail.5.2 Bursting Pressure (Knit Fabrics Only)Determine thebursting strength of knit fabrics as directed in Methods D231using an approv

31、ed type of diaphragm bursting tester or anapproved type of CRT machine equipped with a burstingattachment as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.NOTE 3Care should be taken to subtract the tare diaphragm pressurefrom the gross pressure to obtain actual bursting strength of fabric whenus

32、ing the diaphragm bursting tester. Calibrate the equipment according tothe manufacturers instruction before use. Since there is no overallcorrelation between the results obtained with the CRT machine equippedwith a bursting attachment and the diaphragm bursting tester, these twobursting testers cann

33、ot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, thediaphragm bursting tester method shall prevail.NOTE 4The precision of the ball burst method using the CRT machineequipped with a bursting attachment and the precision of the diaphragmbursting tester method are being established by Subcommittee D

34、13.59.The methods are accordingly not recommended for acceptance testingunless preceded by an interlaboratory check test in the laboratory of thepurchaser and the laboratory of the seller using randomized replicatespecimens of the type of material to be evaluated.5.3 Tearing Resistance(Woven Fabrics

35、 Only)Determinethe tearing resistance as directed in Test Method D2261.NOTE 5If preferred, use of Test Methods D1424 and D2261ispermitted with existing requirements as given in this specification. Theremay be no overall correlation between the results obtained with the tonguetear machine and with th

36、e Elmendorf machine. Consequently, these twotear testers cannot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, TestMethod D2261 shall prevail.5.4 Dimensional Change:5.4.1 LaunderingDetermine the dimensional change afterfive launderings as directed in Table I (I), (II), (Ai), Test II Bof AATCC TM13

37、5 .NOTE 6Launderable fabrics are expected normally to be dry-cleanable, except where all or part of the fabric is not dry-cleanable andis so labeled. For example, the fabric could contain a functional finishsoluble in the solvent, or the fiber could be degraded by the solvent, whichwould be the case

38、 with poly(vinyl chloride) fiber. “Dry-cleanable” goodsare to be dry-cleaned only.NOTE 7Nondurable-press items can be flat-bed pressed after tumbledrying to eliminate wrinkles before measuring.5.4.2 Dry CleaningDetermine the dimensional changeafter three dry cleanings as directed in 10.1.1 to 10.1.4

39、 of TestMethods D2724 (see Note 6).5.5 Yarn Distortion(Woven Fabrics Only)Determine thedistortion of yarn as directed in Test Method D1336.5.6 Colorfastness:5.6.1 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to launder-ing as directed in Test II A of AATCC TM61 (seeNote 6).5.6.1.1 Use Multifiber Test Fabri

40、c No. 105and evaluate onlycotton, polyester, and self-fiber.5.6.1.2 BleachingDetermine the colorfastness to bleach-ing as directed in the applicable procedures of AATCC TM172and 188.5.6.2 Dry CleaningDetermine the colorfastness to drycleaning as directed in AATCC TM132 (Note 6).5.6.3 Burnt Gas Fumes

41、Determine the colorfastness toburnt gas fumes after 2 cycles on the original fabric as directedinAATCC TM23. Repeat test for 2 cycles on another specimenafter one laundering or one dry cleaning.NOTE 8Laundering conditions shall be the same as those in 5.4.1 anddry-cleaning conditions shall be the sa

42、me as those in 5.4.2.5.6.4 CrockingDetermine the colorfastness to wet and drycrocking as directed in AATCC TM8 for solid shades andAATCC TM116 for prints.5.6.5 LightDetermine colorfastness to light as directed inAATCC TM16.3.NOTE 9There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe va

43、rious types of machines listed in AATCC TM16.3, with no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with AATCCTM16.3, Option 3 shall prevail.NOTE 10Standardization of the xenon-arc lamp to 60 AATCC FU canbe do

44、ne by using three L2 Blue Wool Lightfastness Standards with a20-AFU end point.5.6.6 Ozone FadingDetermine the colorfastness to ozonefading after one cycle as directed in AATCC TM129.5.7 Fabric AppearanceDetermine the appearance ofdurable-press fabric after five launderings as directed in TableII (1)

45、, (111), (Ai) of AATCC TM124.5.8 Retention of Hand, Character, and AppearanceFabrictested in accordance with 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 shall not changesignificantly in hand, character, or appearance.5.9 Durability of Back CoatingA fabric shall exhibit noevidence of cracking or peeling of back coating when sub

46、jectedto tests in accordance with 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.5.10 FlammabilityThe flammability requirements shall beas regulated by applicable Government mandatory standards.NOTE 11The technical need for anASTM test method for determiningthe flammability of the types of fabric addressed by this specification h

47、asbeen referred to Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability and will beincorporated here should a test method become available.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Testfabrics, Inc., P.O. Box 118, Middlesex, NJ 08846. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers,

48、please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D3691/D3691M 1935.11 Resistance to Light Degradation No standardmethod is available for the determination of li

49、ght degradationof curtain and drapery fabrics.66. Keywords6.1 curtain; draperyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised