ASTM D1586 D1586M-2018 Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils.pdf

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1、Designation: D1586 11D1586/D1586M 18Standard Test Method forStandard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Samplingof Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1586;D1586/D1586M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the cas

2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This

3、 test method describes the procedure, generally known as the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), for driving a split-barrelsampler with a 140 lb 63.5 kg hammer dropped 30 in. 750 mm to obtain a representative disturbed soil sample for identificationpurposes, and measure the resistance of the soil to pe

4、netration of the sampler.Another method (Teststandard 2 in. 50 mm diametersampler. The SPT “N Method” value D3550) to drive a split-barrel sampler to obtain a representative soil sample is available butthe hammer energy is not standardized.is the number of hammer blows required to drive the sampler

5、over the depth interval of0.5 to 1.5 ft 0.15 to 0.45 m of a 1.5 ft 0.45 m drive interval.1.2 Test Method D4633 is generally necessary to measure the drill rod energy of a given drop hammer system and using themeasured drill rod energy, N values can be corrected to a standard energy level. Practice D

6、6066 uses Test Methods D1586 andD4633 and has additional requirements for hammers, hammer energy, and drilling methods to determine energy correctedpenetration resistance of loose sands for liquefaction evaluation.1.3 Practice D6066D3550/D3550M gives a guide to determining the normalized penetration

7、 resistance of sands for energyis asimilar procedure using a larger diameter split barrel sampler driven with a hammer system that may allow for a different hammermass. The penetration resistance values from Practice D3550/D3550M adjustments of N-value to a constant energy level forevaluating liquef

8、action potential.do not comply with this standard.1.4 Test results and identification information are used to estimate in subsurface conditions for foundation design.explorationfor a wide range of applications such as geotechnical, geologic, geoenvironmental, or geohydrological explorations. When de

9、tailedlithology is required for geohydrological investigations, use of continuous sampling methods (D6282/D6282M, D6151/D6151M,D6914/D6914M) are recommended when the incremental SPT N value is not needed for design purposes (see 4.1.1).1.5 Penetration resistance testing is typically performed at 5-f

10、t 5 ft 1.5 m depth intervals or when a significant change ofmaterials is observed during drilling, unless otherwise specified.1.6 This test method is limited to use in nonlithified soils and soils whose maximum particle size is approximately less thanone-half of the sampler diameter.1.7 This test me

11、thod involves use of rotary drilling equipment (Guide D5783, Practice D6151D6151/D6151M). Other drillingand sampling procedures (Guide(Guides D6286, Guide and D6169D6169/D6169M) are available and may be more appropriate.Considerations for hand driving or shallow sampling without boreholes are not ad

12、dressed. Subsurface investigations should berecorded in accordance with Practice D5434. Samples should be preserved and transported in accordance with PracticeD4220D4220/D4220M using Group B. Soil samples should be identified by group name and symbol in accordance with PracticeD2488.1.8 All observed

13、 and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industrystandard. In

14、addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do notconsider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives;1 This test method is under the jurisdiction o

15、f ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and RelatedField Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2011December 2018. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved

16、 in 20082011as D1586 08a.11. DOI: 10.1520/D1586-11.10.1520/D1586_D1586M-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately

17、depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Interna

18、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits use

19、d in analysis methods for engineering data.1.9 UnitsThe values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded as standard, exceptas noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information onlyan

20、d are not considered standard.separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance withthe standard. Reporting of test results in unit

21、s other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.SI equivalent units shown herein are in general conformance with existing international standards.1.8.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the poun

22、d (lbf)represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.1.10 Penetration resistance measurements often will involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This testmethod does not purport to address all aspects of exploration and site safety.1.11 Penetration resista

23、nce measurements often will involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This testmethod does not purport to address all aspects of exploration and site safety. This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibili

24、ty of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Performance of the test usually involvesuse of a drill rig; therefore, safety requirements as outlined in applicable safety standards (for exampl

25、e, OSHA regulations,2 NDADrilling Safety Guide,3 drilling safety manuals, and other applicable state and local agency regulations) must be observed.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this

26、standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on

27、 Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD854 Test Methods for Speci

28、fic Gravity of Soil Solids by Water PycnometerD1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger BoringsD1587D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of

29、 Soil and Rock by MassD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures)D2573/D2573M Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained SoilsD3550D3

30、550/D3550M Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4220D4220/D4220M Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soi

31、l SamplesD4633 Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic PenetrometersD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste SitesD5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring WellsD5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Groundwater Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring D

32、evices, Boreholes, and Other Devices forEnvironmental ActivitiesD5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and RockD5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of SoilsD5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exp

33、loration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and theInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5784/D5784M Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers

34、 for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater Quality Monitoring Devices2 Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.3 Available from the National Drilling Association, 3511 Cent

35、er Rd., Suite 8, Brunswick, OH 44212, http:/.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D1586/D1586M 182

36、D5872/D5872M Guide for Use of CasingAdvancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation ofSubsurface Water Quality Monitoring DevicesD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration Resistance of Sand

37、s for Evaluation of Liquefaction PotentialD6151D6151/D6151M Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil SamplingD6169D6169/D6169M Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for EnvironmentalInvestigationsD6282/D6282M Guide for Direct Pu

38、sh Soil Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationsD6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6913D6913/D6913M Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve AnalysisD6914/D6914M Practice for Sonic Drilling for Site Chara

39、cterization and the Installation of Subsurface Monitoring Devices3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of terms included inTerminologyFor definitions of common technical terms in this D653 specificstandard referto thisTerminology D653practice are:.3.1.2 cathead, nthe rotating drum or windl

40、ass in the rope-cathead lift system around which the operator wraps a rope to liftand drop the hammer by successively tightening and loosening the rope turns around the drum.3.1.3 drill rods, nrods used to transmit downward force and torque to the drill bit while drilling a borehole.3.1.4 N-value, n

41、the blow count representation of the penetration resistance of the soil.The N-value, reported in blows per foot,equals the sum of the number of blows (N) required to drive the sampler over the depth interval of 6 to 18 in. (150 to 450 mm)(see 7.3).3.1.5 Standard Penetration Test (SPT), na test proce

42、ss in the bottom of the borehole where a split-barrel sampler having aninside diameter of either 1-1/2-in. (38.1 mm) or 1-3/8-in. (34.9 mm) (see Note 2) is driven a given distance of 1.0 ft (0.30 m) aftera seating interval of 0.5 ft (0.15 m) using a hammer weighing approximately 140-lbf (623-N) fall

43、ing 30 6 1.0 in. (0.76 m 6 0.030m) for each hammer blow.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 anvil, nin drilling, that portion of the drive-weight assembly which the hammer strikes and through which the hammerenergy passes into the drill rods.3.2.2 drive weight assembly, cathead,

44、 nan assemblyin drilling, that consists of the hammer, anvil, hammer fall guide system,drill rod attachment system, and any hammer drop system hoisting attachments. the rotating drum or windlass in the rope-catheadlift system around which the operator wraps a rope to lift and drop the hammer by succ

45、essively tightening and loosening the ropeturns around the drum.3.2.3 drill rods, nin drilling, rods used to transmit downward force and torque to the drill bit while drilling a borehole andalso connect sampler to the hammer system for testing.3.2.4 hammer, nin drilling, that portion of the drive-we

46、ight assembly hammer drop system consisting of the 140 6 2 lbf (6236 9 N) impact weightlbm 63.5 6 0.5 kg impact mass which is successively lifted and dropped to provide the energy impactenergy to drill rods that accomplishes the sampling and penetration.3.2.5 hammer drop system, nin drilling,that po

47、rtion of the drive-weight assembly by the equipment that includes the 140 lbm63.5 kg hammer, lifting and dropping assembly, and guide tube (if used) which the operator or automatic system accomplishesthe lifting and dropping of the hammer to produce the blow.3.2.6 hammer fall guide, nin drilling, th

48、at part of the drive-weight assembly hammer drop system used to guide the fall ofthe hammer.3.2.7 number of rope turns, nin drilling, the total contact angle between the rope and the cathead at the beginning of theoperators rope slackening to drop the hammer, divided by 360 (see Fig. 1).3.2.8 sampli

49、ng rods, nin drilling, rods that connect the drive-weight assembly to the sampler. Drill rods are often used for thispurpose.3.2.9 standard penetration test (SPT), nin drilling, a test process in the bottom of a borehole in which a split-barrel sampler(see 5.3) with an outside diameter of 2 in. 50 mm is driven a prescribed distance of 1.0 ft 0.3 m after a seating interval of 0.5ft 0.15 m using a 140 lbm 63.5 kg hammer falling 30 in. 750 mm for each hammer blow to compute the N-value.3.2.10 test interval, nin drilling, th