2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit5NelsonMandel_amodernhero（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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1、1Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero李仕才【短文语法填空】Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia, Canada, the United States 1. European countries，sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture，it is more important to avoid 2. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothi

2、ng.When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3. ( country)，it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.In America, 4. (expense)gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner，or to 6. entertainment or a sporting event. 7. the contrary

3、，gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express)the givers true friendship，gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here，be prepared.Australia is known for its friendliness and inf

4、ormality.So modest gifts，such as a diary，a paperweight，or a coffee cup might 10. (present)to a friend.At a trade show，Tshirts，ties，baseball caps，or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs.Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。1and 考查连词。根

5、据空前的“Australia，Canada，the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词 and。2giving 考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事” ，故填giving。3countries 考查名词的数。根据空前的 these可知，可数名词 country应当用复数形式。4expensive 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词 gifts，故用形容词形式。5choice 考查名词。根据空前的形容词 good和不定冠词 A可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。6an 考查不定冠词。该处

6、泛指“一次娱乐活动” ，entertainment 的读音以元音音素开头，故用 an。7On 考查固定搭配。on the contrary 为固定搭配，意为“与此相反” 。28to express 考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊” 。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为做了某事” ，故用动词不定式。9better 考查比较级。根据空后的 than可知，该处用 well的比较级。10be presented 考查被动语态。该句主语 modest gifts和动词 present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。一高考单词识记思

7、考运用1核心词汇escape vi. & vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决attack vt.进攻；抨击；攻击equal adj.相等的；平等的beg vi.请求；乞求reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏opinion n意见；看法；主张sentence vt.判决；宣判willing adj.乐意的；自愿的 willingness n自愿，乐意active adj.积极的；活跃的 actively adv.积极地；活跃地 activity n活动devote vt.献身；专心于 devotedadj.忠实的；深受的educate vt.

8、教育；训练 educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的 education n教育2常考词汇quality n品质；质量；性质mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的generous adj.慷慨的；大方的found vt.建立；建设terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动unfair adj.不公平的；不公正的legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.非法的3guidance n指导；领导guide v指导self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛

9、烈的用所给单词的适当形式填空1Then it attacked (attack) the back of Macs bike, tearing open his tent bag.(2017浙江卷)2In a word, the trip will be both relaxing and rewarding (reward), which is bound to be a memorable experience for you.(2017北京卷)3In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated (educate) ru

10、ral areas and lowest in highly educated (educate) urban areas.(2017江苏卷)4Leaving aside the birth rate issue, Indias economy may take off when the country achieves equality (equal) of educational opportunity.(2017江苏卷)5Both of us had the qualities (quality) and virtues that are typical of American acto

11、rs.(2017全国卷)6Parents should actively (active) urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016江苏卷)7Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish (self) by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.(2016全国卷)8For previous generations, guidance (

12、guide) and support needed help from people of the same age.(2016北京卷)9In recent years, internet voting (vote) has become increasingly popular in China.(2016江苏卷)10Scientists say that your willingness (willing) to take risks increases during your teenage years.(2016北京卷)表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描generous 慷慨的mean 吝

13、啬的devoted 忠实的easygoing 随和的4warmhearted 热心肠的active 积极的energetic 有活力的enthusiastic 充满热情的“真诚，诚实”家族sincere adj.真诚的；sincerely adv.真诚地genuine adj.真诚的，真心的；genuinely adv.真诚地，诚实地hearty adj.亲切的，真诚的，热诚的purehearted adj.真诚的honest adj.诚实的，正直的；honesty n诚实，正直，坦诚名词后缀ful 构成的形容词荟萃peaceful 和平的painful 痛苦的harmful 有害的power

14、ful 强大的cheerful 欢乐的meaningful 有意义的beautiful 美丽的，美观的merciful 仁慈的；宽大的harmful 有害的；致伤的careful 小心的，仔细的，谨慎的“奖，奖赏”家族award vt.授予，奖给 n奖品，奖金reward vt.酬谢，奖赏 n报酬，酬金prize n奖金，奖品bonus n奖金，红利【完形填空】I spent last summer volunteering at a hospital.It was a gift to _1_ so many amazing people and Id like to share one of

15、 these moments.One day，I was called to a room where a(n) _2_ woman was staying.Usually I helped with _3_ who were ready to leave.Instead，she _4_ to go to the gift shop.I got a _5_，helped her into it，and headed down to the entrance.When we got there，it wasnt open yet.After a 30minute _6_，we entered 5

16、the gift shop.As I pushed her around，I could see the _7_ in her face as she looked at everything，happy to be out of her room.She _8_ some window decorations，and then saw chocolates.She asked me to push her in that _9_，and then I helped her _10_ all the different chocolate arrangements. _11_ she deci

17、ded on three different boxes.She told me to write the numbers 1,2，and 3 on the boxes.She _12_ that the nurses were taking such good care of her，so she _13_ chocolates for each of the three shifts of nurses.As we gave the current shift of nurses their box of chocolates，they _14_ offered some to me be

18、fore taking some themselves.There were _15_ all around.Witnessing the old ladys _16_ and getting the opportunity to spend time with someone who got so much joy from life were a _17_ in itself.I have so many more stories，and each person made an impact on my life.Ive _18_ that health has a way of brin

19、ging people together._19_ is a blessing，and being in a place where health is so _20_ and appreciated is unlike anything else.1A.introduce BmeetCattract Ddescribe2A.elderly BstrangeCimportant Dfamous3A.nurses BkidsCpatients Dparents4A.pretended BwantedCfailed Dpromised5A.car Bshopping cartCwheelchair

20、 Dbike6A.ride BwalkCdrive Dwait7A.relief BanxietyCjoy Dpuzzle8A.chose BmadeCused Dreceived9A.manner BcaseCdirection Dpoint10A.prepare for Bmake up6Cfigure out Dlook through11A.Suddenly BEventuallyCFortunately DActually12A.explained BdeclaredCexpected Dimagined13A.exchanged BdesignedCtasted Dbought14

21、A.in fact Bat a lossCin turn Dat ease15A.whispers BsmilesCshouts Dcheers16A.kindness BchoiceCdecision Dloneliness17A.lesson BchanceCgift Dfact18A.concluded BimaginedCpredicted Dlearned19A.Health BLuckCVirtue DPraise20A.tested BvaluedCmaintained Dpromoted【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在医院做义工的经历，老人的善良和快乐让作者领悟到

22、健康是福的道理。1B 上文提到作者在医院做义工，下文又提到分享故事，由此可知，此处指“见到”许多了不起的人。故选 B项。2A 从下文 16空前的“old ladys”可知，此处指“上了年纪的” 。故选 A项。3C 从语境可知，此处指作者作为医院的义工，通常帮助那些准备离开的“病人” 。故选 C项。4B 上文提到作者通常帮助那些准备离开的病人。结合 Instead“反而”可知，此处老人并不是准备离开，而是想去礼品店。故选 B项。5C 从下文 7空前的“As I pushed her around”可知，此处指“轮椅” 。故选 C项。6D 前一句提到“当我们到达礼品店时，商店还没有开门” ，可以推

23、断此处指 30分钟的“等待” 。故选 D项。77C 从空后的“happy to be out of her room”可知，此处指“高兴” 。故选 C项。8A 上文提到“she looked at everything” ，接下来应是“选择” 。故选 A项。9C 结合语境可知，此处指老人要求作者推着她朝巧克力的方向走去。故选 C项。10D 根据空后的“all the different chocolate arrangements”可以推出，此处指作者帮老人“浏览”了所有不同的巧克力的布置。故选 D项。11B 在作者帮老人浏览完后， “最终”老人做出了决定。故选 B项。12A 上文提到老人购买

24、了三种不同盒子的巧克力并让作者在上面写上数字。接下来是老人向作者解释为何这样做。故选 A项。13D 老人解释说护士们如此精心地照顾她，所以她为轮班的护士“买”了巧克力。故选 D项。14C 当作者他们给当前值班护士巧克力时，值班护士转而给了作者一些。故选 C项。15B 从下文 17空前的“who got so much joy from life”可知，此处指“微笑” 。故选 B项。16A 结合上文老人的行为不难看出，老人是一个善良的人。故选 A项。17C 此处指作者的感慨：能和从生活中得到如此多快乐的人在一起本身就是一个“礼物” ，和上文第一段的“It was a gift to.people

25、”相呼应。故选 C项。18D 此处指作者从做义工的经历中“学习”到，健康常常把人们聚集在一起。故选D项。19A 上文中作者提到健康，接下来说， “健康”是福，符合语境。故选 A项。20B 此处指待在健康被如此“重视”的地方和其他事情不同，空处与空后的“appreciated”并列。故选 B项。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词/副词/名词blow up 使充气；爆炸turn to 求助于；致力于set up 设立；建立lose heart 丧失勇气或信心come to power 当权；上台2介词名词in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中in prison 蹲监狱8in one

26、s opinion/view 在某人看来3其他形式out of work 失业as a matter of fact 事实上be sentenced to 被判处(徒刑)be willing to do.愿意做某事用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1In 1963 the UN set_up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏卷)2But I still want to have my parents to turn_to whenever I need h

27、elp.(2016全国卷)3We should not lose_heart in face of difficulties.(2016天津卷)4How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out_of_work for months？(2014浙江卷)5Mandela was_sentenced_to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against the government.“动词to”短语荟萃belong to 属于object to 反对

28、refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅point to 指向turn to 求助于；致力于stick/hold/keep to 坚持，忠于see to 处理，料理come to 共计，苏醒“动词up(向上)”短语集锦pick up 捡起put up 举起；张贴send up 使上升；发射rise up 起义look up 抬起头hold up 举起take up 拿起9build up 增强三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句 学句型 练仿写1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our r

29、ights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去 30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是 see, find 等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。(2)where 引导定语从句修饰 stage。杭州城自从 2016年发生了巨大的变化。The city of Hangzhou has_seen_great_changes since 2016.在计划的初始阶段，

30、我们应该保守秘密。We should keep secret at the stage where_the_plan_starts.2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。Only when Lily walked into the office did_she_realize that she had left the contract at home.3.I felt bad t

31、he first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。the first time“第一次” ，引导时间状语从句。第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。The_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.【短文改错】Dear Chris，Im Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Sen

32、ior One.Im glad to hear that you will come to our school as exchange student next term.I feel it an honor of us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should prepared enough clothes.Then there are different kind of foods and snacks which will g

33、ive you a chance to experiencing rich Chinese food 10culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends，that will make it easy for you to get along good with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you，and you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope

34、 you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and learn from each other can we spend these days together happily.Yours，Li Ming.文章大意：短文为李明写给交换生 Chris的一封信，表示在他来我校交换期间会帮助他适应环境，以及互相学习。答案：Dear Chris，Im Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.Im glad to hear that you will come to our

35、school as exchange student next term.I feel it an honor us to an of forstudy with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should enough clothes.Then there are different of foods and preparedprepare kind kindssnacks which will give you a chance to rich Chinese

36、 food culture.In experiencingexperienceaddition，every student is friendly to foreign friends， will make it easy thatwhichfor you to get along with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to goodwellhelp you， you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope andbutyou can tell

37、us more about American culture.Only by understanding and learnclearningfrom each other can we spend these days together happily. 解析：考查冠词，student 是可数名词，前需加冠词，exchange 是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词 an。 解析：考查固定搭配，表达“对于某人而言”使用介词 for。 解析：考查固定搭配，此处是“告诉某人” ，使用 tell sb.，多了介词 about。 解析：考查动词，should 是情态动词，后接动词原形，因此使用 p

38、repare。 解析：考查名词的复数形式，kind“种类”是可数名词，表示“不同的种类” ，different后接其复数形式。11 解析：考查动词的用法，a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会” ，to 为动词不定式，后接动词原形，因此使用 experience。 解析：考查定语从句引导词，考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，使用 which。 解析：考查固定搭配，表达“与某人相处融洽”使用动词短语 get along well with sb.，因此 good改为 well。 解析：考查连词的用法，前后句子为转折的关系，and 为并列的关系，因此改为but。解析：考查动名词形式，此处 and连接两个并列的结构，by 后接动名词，因此10 learn使用其动名词形式 learning。