[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷8及答案与解析.doc

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1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 8 及答案与解析英译汉1 I am honored and humbled to stand here, where so many of America s leaders have come before me, and so many will follow.We have a place, all of us, in a long storya story we continue, but whose end we will not see. It is the story of a new world that became a friend and

2、 liberator of the old, a story of a slave-holding society that became a servant of freedom, the story of a power that went into the world to protect but not possess, to defend but not to conquer. It is the American storya story of flawed and fallible people, united across the generations by grand an

3、d enduring ideals.The grandest of these ideals is an unfolding American promise that everyone belongs, that everyone deserves a chance, that no insignificant person was ever born. Americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws. And though our nation has sometimes halted, and

4、 sometimes delayed, we must follow no other course.Through much of the last century, America s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. Our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope of

5、our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along. And even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel.While many of our citizens prosper, others doubt the promise, even the justice, of our own country. The ambitions of some Americans are limited by failing

6、 schools and hidden prejudice and the circumstances of their birth. And sometimes our differences run so deep, it seems we share a continent, but not a country. We do not accept this, and we will not allow it. Our unity, our u-nion, is the serious work of leaders and citizens in every generation. An

7、d this is my solemn pledge: I will work to build a single nation of justice and opportunity.2 This is the price and the promise of citizenship.This is the source of our confidencethe knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.This is the meaning of our liberty and our creedwhy men

8、and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.So let us mark this day with remembranc

9、e, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying camp-fires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outco

10、me of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:Let it be told to the future world. that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive. that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet

11、it.In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journe

12、y end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.3 It has now been five years since Margaret Thatcher resigned as Britain s Prime Minister. In her

13、heyday she strode the international headlines with such bravura that she seemed inevitable, a natural force. The world stage seemed just the right size for her, as she chaffed her conservative soul mate Ronald Reagan or flattered the “ new man,“ Mikhail Gorbachev.Now the political world has begun to

14、 focus on the immensity of her achievement. How on earth did she manage to get there? She was elected to Parliament at 32 in 1958 (five years before The Feminine Mystique was published). She parried her way through the complacent, male-dominated councils of powerno woman had ever roiled those waters

15、. Couldn t the old boys see her coming? After all, there was nothing subtle about her personality or her approach.As The Path to Power ( Harper-Collins; 656 pages; $ 30) , the second volume of her autobiography, makes clear, Thatcher was probably too simple and direct for the Tories, with their heav

16、y baggage of class and compromise. She traveled light, proud of her roots as a grocer s daughter from the small town of Grantham but never tethered by working-class resentments or delusions of inferiority. Her parents taught her the verities they believed in: Methodism, hard work, thrift and the imp

17、ortance of the individual. She has never wavered from them, and they run through the book.4 The news of Roosevelt s death reached Washington in the early afternoon on April 12, 1945. It is hardly necessary to point out the importance of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was a world figure of monumental prop

18、ortions. Roosevelt s strength in dealing with foreign leaders stemmed from his e-normous popularity throughout the world, even in countries he had never been in. Yet it cannot be said that he was a likable man. He preferred informal relationships which were informal merely in structure. He could not

19、 stand protocol in the accepted sense of the world but was quick to resent the slightest departure from the respect normally accorded the President of the United States, and the aura of the office was always around him. Even Hopkins was always respectful and careful in his manner with the president.

20、 Roosevelt influenced people by the fact that he was president. Among those who worked with him in the White House for long periods of time, there was real affection for him, but not the kind of human feeling that springs from personal love.In foreign affairs, Roosevelt did his job only moderately w

21、ell. The methods and techniques that he usually used with consummate skill in domestic politics did not fit well in foreign affairs. He relied on his instinctive grasp of the subject, which was good, and his genius for improvisation to find solutions to problems. In domestic affairs, where all eleme

22、nts were under the same national roof and therefore the reactions had a pattern of similarity, this technique worked. In foreign affairs, this style meant a lack of precision, which, as people have pointed out, was a serious fault.A deeper knowledge of history and certainly a better understanding of

23、 reactions of foreign peoples would have been useful to the president. Helpful, too, would have been more study of the position papers prepared by American conviction that the other fellow is a “ good guy“ who will respond properly and decently if you treat him right.5 Globalization is transforming

24、the world. While it brings great benefits to some countries and individualsa backlash has arisen because these benefits are distributed so unequally and because the global market is not yet underpinned by values and rules that address key social concerns such as the protection of human rights, labor

25、 standards and the environment. Globalization has also, unwittingly , made it easier for what I have called “uncivil society“crime, terrorism, drug and arms-traffickingto move across borders. Our challenge today is to make globalization an engine that lifts people out of hardship and misery, not a f

26、orce that holds them down.The past half century had brought unprecedented economic gains. Most people today can expect to live longer than their parents. They are better nourished, enjoy better health, are better educated, and on the whole face more favorable economic prospects. But there is also wi

27、despread deprivation and despair. More than 1 billion people must survive on less than $ 1 a day. Striking inequality persists within and among countries. Diseases such as AIDS and malaria threaten to undo years of progress. Worsening the poverty gap is the “digital divide“ between the technology-ri

28、ch and the technology-poor. At a time when information and knowledge have become the main source of wealth and power, half the developing world s people have never made or received a telephone call, much less used a computer. Bringing these people into the mainstream is one of our biggest projects.英

29、语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 8 答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 站在这里，我很荣幸，也有点受宠若惊。在我之前，许多美国领导人从这里起步；在我之后，也会有许多领导人从这里继续前进。在美国悠久的历史中，我们每个人都有自己的位置；我们还在继续推动着历史前进，但是我们不可能看到它的尽头。这是一部新世界的发展史，是一部后浪推前浪的历史。这是一部美国由奴隶制社会发展成为崇尚自由的社会的历史。这是一个强国保护而不是占有世界的历史，是捍卫而不是征服世界的历史。这就是美国史。它不是一部十全十美的民族发展史，但它是一部在伟大和永恒理想指导下几代人团结奋斗的历史。这些理想中最伟大的是正在慢慢实现的美国的承诺，

30、这就是：每个人都有自身的价值，每个人都有成功的机会，每个人天生都会有所作为的。美国人民肩负着一种使命，那就是要竭力将这个诺言变成生活中和法律上的现实。虽然我们的国家过去在追求实现这个承诺的途中停滞不前甚至倒退，但我们仍将坚定不移地完成这一使命。在上个世纪的大部分时间里，美国自由民主的信念犹如汹涌大海中的岩石。现在它更像风中的种子，把自由带给每个民族。在我们的国家，民主不仅仅是一种信念，而是全人类的希望。民主，我们不会独占，而会竭力让大家分享。民主，我们将铭记于心并且不断传播。225 年过去了，我们仍有很长的路要走。有很多公民取得了成功，但也有人开始怀疑，怀疑我们自己的国家所许下的诺言，甚至怀疑

31、它的公正。失败的教育，潜在的偏见和出身的环境限制了一些美国人的雄心。有时，我们的分歧是如此之深，似乎我们虽身处同一个大陆，但不属于同一个国家。我们不能接受这种分歧，也无法容许它的存在。我们的团结和统一，是每一代领导人和每一个公民的严肃使命。在此，我郑重宣誓：我将竭力建设一个公正、充满机会的统一国家。【知识模块】 英译汉2 【正确答案】 这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。我们的自信源于对上帝的信仰，上帝号召我们要掌握自己的命运。这就是我们自由和信仰的意义，这也是为何不同种族、不同信仰、不同性别和年龄的人可以同聚一堂在此欢庆的原因，也是我今天能站在这里庄严宣誓的原因，而在 50 多年前我的父亲甚至

32、都不能成为地方餐馆的服务生。所以，让我们铭记自己的身份，镌刻自己的足迹。在美国诞生的时代，那最寒冷的岁月里，一群勇敢的爱国人士围着篝火在冰封的河边取暖。首都被占领，敌人在挺进，冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。在美国大革命最受质疑的时刻，我们的国父们这样说：“我们要让未来的世界知道在深冬的严寒里，唯有希望和勇气才能让我们存活面对共同的危险时，我们的城市和国家要勇敢地上前去面对。”今天的美国也在严峻的寒冬中面对共同的挑战，让我们记住国父们不朽的语言。带着希望和勇气，让我们再一次勇敢地面对寒流，迎接可能会发生的风暴。我们要让我们的子孙后代记住，在面临挑战的时候，我们没有屈服，我们没有逃避也没有犹豫，我们脚

33、踏实地、心怀信仰，秉承了宝贵的自由权利并将其安全地交到了下一代的手中。【知识模块】 英译汉3 【正确答案】 马格丽特?撒切尔辞去英国首相职务已经五年了。在她(政治生涯)的鼎盛时期，她以光彩照人的风格而成为国际上的新闻人物，她好像必然如此，她是一股自然的力量。在她跟她的保守党精神伙伴罗纳德?里根打趣时，或是在奉承“新人”米哈伊尔?戈尔巴乔夫时，这个世界看来恰好是适合她驰骋的舞台。现在政界开始把注意力集中在她的辉煌的政绩上。她到底是如何进人政界的呢?1958 年(女性的奥秘发表前五年)她三十二岁时被选进议会。她左挡右闪闯进了那些由自满的男人控制的权力机构过去不曾有任何女人到那里去搅和。难道那些老家

34、伙们看不见她的到来吗?其实她的性格和施政手段并没有什么微妙之处。正如她的第二本自传通往权力之路所说，对于那些阶级意识很重并善于折衷的英国保守党党员，也许撒切尔过于简单，过于直来直去。她没有负担。她以自己是格兰瑟姆小镇一个杂货商的女儿而感到自豪，但是她没有被劳动阶级因为地位低下而产生的怨恨或迷惑所束缚。她的父母教她懂得了他们所相信的真理：卫斯理教，勤勉，节俭，以及个人的重要性。对于这些信仰，她从未动摇过。这些内容贯穿着全书。【知识模块】 英译汉4 【正确答案】 罗斯福的死讯于 1945 年 4 月 12 日下午早些时候传到了华盛顿。作为举足轻重的世界级人物，我们无需刻意强调罗斯福的重要性。他与外

35、国领导人打交道的优势在于他在世界范围内享有巨大声望，即使在他从未去过的国家也是如此。然而，不能因此说他本人是招人喜欢的。他看重私人关系，尽管只是形式上的。他不接受大家都普遍认同的(外交)礼仪，而且特别不能容忍对美国总统哪怕是一丁点的不敬，总想顶着总统的光环。甚至霍布金斯在他面前也表现得谦恭有礼，小心翼翼。那些在白宫为罗斯福工作多年的人们对他也是有感情的，但不是那种亲密的爱。在外交方面，罗斯福做得一般。他通常用于处理国内事务的方式方法在外交方面并不那么适用。在处理问题时，他依靠的是自己对事物本能的把握和能够即时找到应对方法的才干。在内政方面，所有相关因素都在同一个国家体系内，因而得到的结果有某种

36、相似性。在外交方面，这种方法则意味着不够准确，正如人们所指出的，这是个严重的错误。更加深入地了解历史和更好地把握外国人民的反应对总统来说是很有用处的。美国人相信，如果你对一个人好，反过来他也同样对你，他就是好人。这也是美国的外交立场。如果对之仔细研究，也是非常有用的。【知识模块】 英译汉5 【正确答案】 全球化正在改变世界。尽管全球化给一些国家和个人带来了好处，但是由于利益分配很不均衡，且全球市场在处理关键社会问题(诸如人权保护、劳工标准及环境等)时需要得到价值观和规则方面的支持而这些支持目前还比较薄弱，因此全球化也产生了反冲力。全球化还无意之中为我所提到的“野蛮社会” 犯罪、恐怖主义、贩毒和

37、贩卖军火能够超越国界提供了便利。今天，我们面临的挑战是如何利用全球化带领人们脱离苦海，而不是利用它使人们深陷苦海。过去的 50 年取得了前所未有的经济成果。今天多数人的寿命都会超过其父母。他们吃得更有营养，身体更健康，受的教育更高，而且从整体上说，他们面对的经济前景更加有利。然而，掠夺行为和绝望心态依然普遍存在。全球有 10 亿多人每天只靠 1 美元过活。一国内部和不同国家之间的不平等现象仍然触目惊心。疾病，像艾滋病、疟疾，可能会让社会倒退好几年。技术富国和技术贫国之间的“数字鸿沟”使贫富差距情况进一步恶化。当今这个时代，财富和权力主要来源于信息和知识，而发展中国家还有一半人口从未打出或接到电话，更别提用电脑了。将这些人带人社会主流是我们的一项大工程。【知识模块】 英译汉