EN ISO 19679-2017 en Plastics - Determination of aerobic biodegradation of nonfloating plastic materials in a seawater sediment interface - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dio.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Plastics Determination of aerobic biodegradation of non-floating plastic materials in a seawater/sediment interface Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 19679:2016)BS EN ISO 19679:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORM

2、E EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19679 December 2017 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Plastics - Determination of aerobic biodegradation of non-floating plastic materials in a seawater/sediment interface - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 19679:2016) Plastiques - Dtermination de la b

3、iodgradation arobie des matires plastiques non-flottantes linterface eau de mer/sdiments - Mthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libr (ISO 19679:2016) Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des aeroben Bioabbaus von nicht-schwimmenden Kunststoffmaterialien in einer Meerwasser/Sediment-Schnittstelle - Prfverfah

4、ren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxids (ISO 19679:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national

5、 standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version

6、 in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czec

7、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kin

8、gdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS

9、O 19679:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19679:2017. It is identical to ISO 19679:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 19679:2016, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics.A list o

10、f organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limi

11、ted 2018ISBN 978 0 580 98002 2ICS 83.080.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate

12、Text affected28 February 2018 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 19679:2016 as BS EN ISO 19679:2017BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19679:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19679 December 2017 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Plastics - Determination of aerobic biodegradation of non-f

13、loating plastic materials in a seawater/sediment interface - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 19679:2016) Plastiques - Dtermination de la biodgradation arobie des matires plastiques non-flottantes linterface eau de mer/sdiments - Mthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libr (ISO 19

14、679:2016) Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des aeroben Bioabbaus von nicht-schwimmenden Kunststoffmaterialien in einer Meerwasser/Sediment-Schnittstelle - Prfverfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxids (ISO 19679:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2017. CEN mem

15、bers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicat

16、ion to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manage

17、ment Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,

18、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de

19、 la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19679:2017 EBS EN ISO 19679:2017EN ISO 19679:2017 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 19679:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee

20、ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19679:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi

21、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held res

22、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fin

23、land, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The

24、text of ISO 19679:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19679:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 19679:2017ISO 19679:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Test environment . 26 Reagents 27 Apparatus . 38 Procedure. 38.1 T

25、est material . 38.2 Reference material . 48.3 Preparation of the sediment 48.4 Test setup . 48.5 Pre-conditioning phase 48.6 Start of the test 58.7 Carbon dioxide measurement 58.8 End of the test 69 Calculation and expression of results . 69.1 Calculation 69.1.1 Amount of CO2produced 69.1.2 Percenta

26、ge of biodegradation. 89.2 Visual inspection . 89.3 Expression and interpretation of results . 810 Validity of results . 911 Test report . 9Annex A (informative) Example of respirometric system based on CO2measurement .10Bibliography .11 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 19679:2

27、017ISO 19679:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su

28、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (

29、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be

30、 noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identify

31、ing any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience

32、 of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the fol

33、lowing URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical properties.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19679:2017ISO 19679:2016(E)IntroductionProducts made with biodegradable plastics are designed to be r

34、ecovered by means of organic recycling in composting plants or in anaerobic digesters. The uncontrolled dispersion of biodegradable plastics in natural environments is not desirable. The biodegradability of products cannot be considered as an excuse to spread wastes that should be recovered and recy

35、cled. However, test methods to measure rate and level of biodegradation in natural environments (such as soil or the marine environment) are of interest in order to better characterize the behaviour of plastics in these very particular environments. As a matter of fact, some plastics are used in pro

36、ducts that are applied in the sea (e.g. fishing gear) and sometimes they can get lost or put willingly in marine environment. The characterization of biodegradable plastic materials can be enlarged by applying specific test methods that enable the quantitative assessment of biodegradation of plastic

37、s exposed to marine sediment and seawater. Plastic products are directly littered or arrive with fresh waters in the pelagic zone (free water). From there, and depending on density, tides, currents, and marine fouling plastics may sink to the sublittoral, and reach the seafloor surface. Many biodegr

38、adable plastics have a density higher than 1 and therefore tend to sink. The sediment passes from aerobic to anoxic and finally anaerobic conditions going from the surface (the interface with seawater) into deeper layers, displaying a very steep oxygen gradient. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN I

39、SO 19679:2017Plastics Determination of aerobic biodegradation of non-floating plastic materials in a seawater/sediment interface Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a test method to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plasti

40、c materials when settled on marine sandy sediment at the interface between seawater and the seafloor, by measuring the evolved carbon dioxide.This test method is a simulation under laboratory conditions of the habitat found in different seawater/sediment-areas in the sea, e.g. in a benthic zone wher

41、e sunlight reaches the ocean floor (photic zone) that, in marine science, is called sublittoral zoneThe determination of biodegradation of plastic materials buried in marine sediment is outside the scope of this International Standard.Measurement of aerobic biodegradation can also be obtained by mon

42、itoring the oxygen consumption, as described in ISO 18830.The conditions described in this International Standard may not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively

43、referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14852:1999, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability

44、 of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxideISO 8245, Water quality Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions

45、 apply.3.1theoretical amount of evolved carbon dioxideThCO2maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after completely oxidising a chemical compound, calculated from the molecular formula or from determination of total organic carbon (TOC)Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as milligrams of c

46、arbon dioxide evolved per milligram or gram of test compound.3.2total organic carbonTOCamount of carbon bound in an organic compoundNote 1 to entry: Total organic carbon is expressed as milligrams of carbon per 100 mg of the compound.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19679:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reser

47、ved 1BS EN ISO 19679:2017ISO 19679:2016(E)3.3dissolved organic carbonDOCthat part of the organic carbon in water which cannot be removed by specified phase separation methods, for example by centrifugation at 40 000 ms-2for 15 min or by membranes with pores of 0,2 m to 0,45 m diameter3.4pre-conditio

48、ning phasepre-incubation of an inoculum under the conditions of the subsequent test in the absence of test material, with the aim to consume potential organic matter present in excess that could disturb biodegradation measurement and to improve the acclimatization of the microorganisms to the test c

49、onditions4 PrincipleThis test method is based on the determination of evolved carbon dioxide and derives from ISO 14852. The testing medium is based on a solid phase and a liquid phase. The solid phase is a sandy marine sediment laid in the bottom of a closed flask; the liquid phase is a column of natural or artificial sea water, poured on the sediment. The test material is preferably in the form of a film to be laid down on top of the sediment, at the interface between the solid phase and the liquid phase. This is a simula