BS EN 247-1997 Heat exchangers - Terminology《热交换器术语》.pdf

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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 247 : 1997 The Euro

2、pean Standard EN 247 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.040.27; 27.060.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Heat exchangers TerminologyBS EN 247 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board

3、, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RHE/30 Draft for comment ENV 247 ISBN 0 580 27974 X Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date T

4、ext affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/30, Heat exchangers, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Refrigeration Association Building Services Research and Information Associat

5、ion Federation of Environmental Trade Association HEVAC Association Waterheater Manufacturers AssociationBS EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 247 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 247 : 1997 National foreword This British Sta

6、ndard has been prepared by Technical Committee RHE/30, and is the English language version of EN 247 : 1997 Heat exchangers Terminology, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summar

7、y of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de

8、 Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 247 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 247 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM February 1997 ICS 01.040.27; 27.060.30 Supersedes ENV 247 : 1990 Descriptors: Heat transfer, heat exchangers, vocabulary English version Heat exc

9、hangers Terminology Echangeurs thermiques Terminologie Wa rmeaustauscher Terminolgie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-01-10. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a na

10、tional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in

11、any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ic

12、eland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC110, Heat exchangers, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European St

13、andard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1997. The document was implemented previously as a European Prestandard (

14、ENV) in 1990 and no technical changes have been made. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy

15、, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 4 1 Scope 4 2 Definitions 4 2.1 Parallel-flow arrangement 4 2.2 Counterflow arrangement 4 2.3 Pure crossflow 5 2.4 Antimethodic overall-flow arrangement 5 2.5 Methodic

16、 overall-flow arrangement 5 2.6 Two-phase fluid 5 2.7 Single-phase fluid 5 2.8 Fluidized bed 5 2.9 Method of heat transfer 5 2.10 Number of passages (passes) 5 2.11 Tube sheet 5 2.12 General arrangement of heat transfer 5 2.13 Steady or permanent thermal conditions 5 2.14 Cyclic thermal conditions 5

17、 3 Terminology2 Main criteria 5 3.1 Physical criteria 5 3.1.1 General arrangement of heat transfer 5 3.1.2 Method of heat transfer 5 Page 3.1.3 Arrangement of fluid flow 5 3.1.4 Thermal conditions of the heat transfer surface 5 3.1.5 Number and type of fluids 5 3.2 Design criteria 5 3.2.1 Type of de

18、sign 5 3.2.2 Heat transfer 5 3.2.3 Methods to facilitate expansion 5 3.2.4 Material of heat transfer wall 5 3.2.5 Constructive solutions related to cleaning 5 3.2.6 Cleaning possibilities 5 4 Detailed terminology 6 4.1 General arrangement of heat transfer 6 4.1.1 With direct transfer 6 4.1.2 With ac

19、cumulation 6 4.1.3 In fluidized bed 6 4.1.4 With cooling 6 4.1.5 With intermediate medium (with natural or forced circulation) 6 4.2 Method of heat transfer 6 4.2.1 Single-phase media in all circuits 6 4.2.2 Single-phase media versus two-phase media in related circuits 6 4.2.3 Two-phase media in all

20、 circuits 6 4.3 Diagram of fluid flow 6 4.3.1 Single pass 6 4.3.2 Multiple passes 6 4.4 Thermal conditions of heat transfer surface 6 4.4.1 Steady 6 4.4.2 Cyclic 6 4.5 Number of fluids (media) 6 4.5.1 Two fluids (media) 6 4.5.2 Three fluids (media) 6 4.5.3 N fluids (media) 6 4.6 Design type 6 4.6.1

21、Shell and tube heat exchangers 6 4.6.2 Plate heat exchangers 6 4.6.3 Heat exchangers of stacked blocks or with crossing channels 6 4.6.4 Matrix heat exchangers 6 4.7 Heat transfer surfaces and walls 7 4.7.1 Smooth 7Page 3 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 Page 4.7.2 Coated 7 4.7.3 Fabricated 7 4.7.4 With built

22、-on elements 7 4.7.5 With safety wall (double wall) 7 4.8 Expansion possibilities 7 4.8.1 Rigid 7 4.8.2 Elastic 7 4.8.3 Free 7 4.8.4 With sealing device 7 4.9 Materials of heat transfer wall 7 4.9.1 Metallic 7 4.9.2 Non-metallic 7 4.9.3 Special 7 4.9.4 Composite 7 4.10 Constructive solutions related

23、 to cleaning 7 4.10.1 Non-dismountable 7 4.10.2 Dismountable 7 4.11 Cleaning possibilities 7 4.11.1 Mechanical means 7 4.11.2 Acoustic means 7 4.11.3 Chemical means 7 Annex A (informative) Main functions of heat exchangers in various technological fields related to this European Standard 8 Annex B (

24、informative) Examples for illustration of the terminology in clause 4 8 Page Figures 1 Parallel flow arrangement 4 2 Counter flow arrangement 4 3 Pure cross flow 5 4 Antimethodic overall flow arrangement 5 5 Methodic overall flow arrangement 5 B.1 Coil heat exchangers 8 B.2 Straight, single type 8 B

25、.3 U-bent, dismountable 8 B.4 Wound or bent 8 B.5 Concentric 9 B.6 With U-tubes 9 B.7 With fixed tube plates 9 B.8 With floating head 9 B.9 With sliding head and O-ring seals 10 B.10 With sliding head and caulked seals 10 B.11 Heat exchangers of bayonet type 10 B.12 Helical 10 B.13 Spiral-shaped 11

26、B.14 Coil with straight tubes and bends 11 B.15 Coil with accumulator bends 11 B.16 Coil with tube sheets and accumulator boxes with plugs 11 B.17 Coil with tube sheets and accumulator boxes with covers 11 B.18 Single plates 12 B.19 Several non-dismountable plates 12 B.20 Several corrugated, non-dis

27、mountable plates 12 B.21 Dismountable shell-type-lamella heat exchanger 12 B.22 Plate heat exchanger with seals 12 B.23 Spiral shaped 13 B.24 Heat exchanger of stacked blocks or with crossing channels 13Page 4 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 Figure 1. Parallel flow arrangement Figure 2. Counter flow arrangem

28、ent Introduction This European Standard is one of a series of European Standards dedicated to heat exchangers. Heat exchangers are found in an extremely wide variety of production facilities and applications in all fields of industrial activity. This is the reason why, although a classification of h

29、eat exchangers is required, it is impossible to arrive at a classification that would take into account all the elements used in actual conditions. An analysis has therefore been carried out with regard to the fundamental criteria for designing and producing heat exchangers and this analysis has bee

30、n used as a basis for this terminology. The function of the heat exchanger in the system in which it is integrated is an important factor in heat exchanger design and a list is presented in annex A to illustrate a few fundamental functions of heat exchangers in certain technological fields. 1 Scope

31、The scope of this European Standard is to establish heat exchanger terminology so that consistent terms are used. For the purposes of this European Standard a heat exchanger is a device, the main function of which is to transfer heat between two fluids, with physical separation by a wall. Heat excha

32、nge between a fluid and a solid material (in the case of ovens in particular) is therefore excluded. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 parallel flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids flow in parallel, in the same direction (see figure 1). 2.2

33、counter flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids flow in parallel, in opposite directions (see figure 2).Page 5 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 2.3 pure cross flow Crosswise flow of the fluids (see figure 3). Figure 3. Pure cross flow 2.4 antimethodic overall flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids

34、flow on the average, in the same direction (see figure 4). Figure 4. Antimethodic overall flow arrangement 2.5 methodic overall flow arrangement Arrangement in which fluids flow on the average, in opposite directions (see figure 5). Figure 5. Methodic overall flow arrangement 2.6 two-phase fluid Flu

35、id containing matter both in a liquid phase and a gas phase. 2.7 single-phase fluid Fluid containing matter in only one-phase (liquid or gas). 2.8 fluidized bed Method for increasing heat flow by means of particles in a bed of pulverized material. These particles become highly mobile as a result of

36、a fluid flow passing through the bed at a carefully defined velocity. 2.9 method of heat transfer Criterion used in this terminology based on the heat transfer mechanisms applied in the heat exchanger under consideration. 2.10 number of passages (passes) Number of times the fluid passes from one sid

37、e of the heat exchanger to the other. 2.11 tube sheet Sheet in which holes are drilled to accommodate the tubes of a bundle. The tubes are fastened by expansion, welding, soldering or a combination of these procedures. Fastening including a seal or gasket can in some cases allow tube dismantling. 2.

38、12 general arrangement of heat transfer Criterion used in this terminology based on the basic phenomena and principles within the heat exchanger under consideration. 2.13 steady or permanent thermal conditions Thermal conditions which are characterized by a distribution of temperature over the heat

39、transfer surface which is independent of time. 2.14 cyclic thermal conditions Thermal conditions which are characterized by a periodic variation of the temperature of the heat transfer surface with time. 3 Terminology Main criteria 3.1 Physical criteria 3.1.1 general arrangement of heat transfer 3.1

40、.2 method of heat transfer 3.1.3 arrangement of fluid flow 3.1.4 thermal conditions of the heat transfer surface 3.1.5 number and type of fluids 3.2 Design criteria 3.2.1 type of design 3.2.2 heat transfer surfaces 3.2.3 methods to facilitate expansion 3.2.4 material of heat transfer wall 3.2.5 cons

41、tructive solutions related to cleaning 3.2.6 cleaning possibilitiesPage 6 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 1) In this European Standard two-phase is understood as a change of state from liquid state to vapour or vice versa (boiling or condensation) 2) Corresponds to a combination of elementary arrangements of

42、 fluid flow. 3) The family of straight multi-tube heat exchangers with tube bundles which includes a great number of heat exchanger arrangements has deliberately not been included in this European Standard. 4 Detailed terminology NOTE. Examples are given in annex B to illustrate the terminology adop

43、ted. 4.1 General arrangement of heat transfer 4.1.1 with direct transfer 4.1.2 with accumulation 4.1.3 in fluidized bed 4.1.4 with cooling 4.1.4.1 with evaporation 4.1.4.2 without evaporation 4.1.5 with intermediate medium (with natural or forced circulation) 4.1.5.1 single-phase 4.1.5.2 two-phase 4

44、.2 Method of heat transfer 4.2.1 Single-phase media in all circuits 4.2.1.1 Heat flow by convection primarily (natural or forced) 4.2.1.2 Heat flow by, primarily, radiation 4.2.1.3 Heat flow by both convection and radiation 4.2.2 Single-phase media versus two-phase media 1) in related circuits 4.2.2

45、.1 Heat flow by convection primarily (natural or forced) 4.2.2.2 Heat flow by, primarily, radiation 4.2.2.3 Heat flow by both convection and radiation 4.2.3 Two-phase media in all circuits 4.3 Arrangement of fluid flow 4.3.1 Single pass 4.3.1.1 Counter flow 4.3.1.2 Parallel flow 4.3.1.3 Cross flow 4

46、.3.2 Multiple passes 4.3.2.1 Methodic 4.3.2.2 Antimethodic 4.3.2.3 Complex 2) 4.4 Thermal conditions of heat transfer surface 4.4.1 Steady 4.4.2 Cyclic 4.4.2.1 matrix 4.4.2.1.1 regeneration 4.4.2.1.2 fixed 4.4.2.1.3 rotative 4.4.2.1.4 accumulation 4.4.2.2 fluid 4.4.2.2.1 single-phase 4.4.2.2.2 two-p

47、hase 4.5 Number of fluids (media) 4.5.1 Two fluids (media) 4.5.2 Three fluids (media) 4.6 Design type 4.6.1 Shell and tube heat exchangers 4.6.1.1 coiled pipe 4.6.1.2 tube in tube (double, coaxial tube) 4.6.1.2.1 straight, single type 4.6.1.2.2 U-bent, dismountable 4.6.1.2.3 wound or bent 4.6.1.3 mu

48、lti-tube 4.6.1.3.1 straight: with tube bundles; 3) concentric. 4.6.1.3.2 with wound tube bundles: spiral shaped; helical. 4.6.1.3.3 of coil type 4.6.2 Plate heat exchangers 4.6.2.1 with welded or soldered plates 4.6.2.1.1 single plates 4.6.2.1.2 several plates: non-dismountable; with dismountable sh

49、ell. 4.6.2.2 with dismountable sealed plates 4.6.2.3 spiral shaped 4.6.3 Heat exchangers of stacked blocks or with crossing channels 4.6.4 Matrix heat exchangers 4.6.4.1 mobile matrix 4.6.4.1.1 rotating 4.6.4.1.2 circulatingPage 7 EN 247 : 1997 BSI 1997 4.6.4.2 fixed matrix 4.7 Heat transfer surfaces and walls 4.7.1 Smooth 4.7.2 Coated 4.7.2.1 porous coating 4.7.2.2 rough coating 4.7.2.3 film coating 4.7.3 Fabricated 4.7.3.1 with fins 4.7.3.2 with grooves 4.7.3.2.1 straight 4.7.3.2.2 helical 4.7.3.2.3 fluted 4.7.3.3 corrugated 4.7.3.4