ASTM F1728-1996(2007) Standard Practice for Multiple Persons Cold Water Survival Rescue Technique Huddle Position《多人冷水中生存 解救技术用标准规程 拥挤点》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1728 96 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forMultiple Persons Cold Water Survival/Rescue Technique:Huddle Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the recommended water rescueprocedure for performing the huddle position.1.2

3、 This practice is one in a set of self-rescue techniques forthe water rescuer.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter

4、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 huddle position, na multiple person water rescuetechnique for heat conservation when immersed in cold waterand the majority of the rescuers are wearing personal flotationdevices. This technique conserves heat by using p

5、ersonalflotation devices and clothing, group body contact, and bodyposture to limit exposure of the bodys major heat loss areas tothe cold water.2.2 personal flotation device (PFD), na buoyant devicesuitable for use by one person in water emergencies. Thesedevices may be vests, ring buoys, life pres

6、ervers, cushions, andother special purpose buoyant devices.3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice establishes a multiple person cold watersurvival/rescue procedure.3.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers shallmeet the requirements of this practice.3.3 This practice is intended to assi

7、st government agencies,state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; andrescue teams and others who are responsible for establishing aminimum performance for personnel who respond to wateremergencies.3.4 The majority of the rescuers performing this techniquemust be wearing personal flot

8、ation devices. These devicesshould conform to standards set by the appropriate nationalregulatory authority, that is, the U.S. Coast Guard in the UnitedStates, and be in good and serviceable condition.3.5 A water rescuer sometimes may be immersed in coldwater for prolonged periods of time. They are

9、unable to get toshore or shore is too far away, rescue is not imminent, no boatis available to get into or on top of, and no flotsam is available.The water rescuer needs to assume a defensive posture toconserve heat and increase survival time.4. Procedure4.1 Upon initial immersion in cold water, the

10、 rescuersshould cover the mouth and nose to prevent the aspiration ofwater.4.2 “Huddle” together, side by side, in a circle.4.3 Float in a sitting position with the legs drawn up, kneestogether, and with the ankles crossed.4.4 Place arms against the side of torso, bent at the elbows,joining the resc

11、ues together.4.5 Place small children, injured people, and those withoutflotation in the center of the huddle.4.6 Remain calm and think clearly.4.7 Leave all clothing on.4.8 Wait for rescue.5. Keywords5.1 cold water survival; huddle position; self-rescue tech-nique; water rescue; water rescuers1This

12、 practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 172

13、8 96(2001).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e

14、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev

15、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m

16、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1728 96 (2007)2