ASTM F1468-2004a(2018) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Metallic Weapons Detectors for Controlled Access Search and Screening.pdf

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1、Designation: F1468 04a (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Metallic Weapons Detectors for ControlledAccess Search and Screening1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th

2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers methods for the evaluation ofwalk-through metal weapons detectors

3、 and criteria for testingmetal detection performance.1.2 This practice specifies certain health, safety, and humanfactors criteria pertaining to the usage of the detection equip-ment.1.3 This practice requires the use of non-standardized (user-supplied) test objects and test equipment. Evaluations m

4、adeusing the procedures outlined in this practice can be used forcomparative evaluations only if the tests are made with thesame equipment and test objects.1.4 This practice is intended for use by manufacturers andevaluators of electromagnetic field devices used for screeningpersons entering into co

5、ntrolled access areas. It is not intendedto set performance nor limit or constrain operatingtechnologies, nor is it a document for use by individualoperators or users of such equipment at specific access controlpoints.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Other units g

6、iven in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicab

7、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific hazards statement, see warning note in 12.2.5.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Intern

8、ational Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI/IEEE Standard:C62.41 IEEE Guide for Surge Voltages in Low Voltage ACPower Circuits23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This

9、Standard:3.1.1 clean testerperson who does not carry any objectswhich would significantly alter the signal produced when theperson carries a test object; smaller test objects require morecomplete elimination of metallic objects. By example but notlimitation, such significant objects may include: met

10、allic beltbuckles, metal buttons, cardiac pacemakers, coins, metal-frameeye glasses, hearing aids, jewelry, keys, mechanical pens andpencils, shoes with metal shanks or arch supports, metallicsurgical implants, undergarment support metal, and metalzippers. A clean tester passing through a metal dete

11、ctor shallnot cause a disturbance signal greater than 10 % of thatproduced when carrying the critical test object through thedetector. The tester shall have a mass between 50 and 100 kg(110 and 220 lb) and a height between 1.50 and 1.90 m (59 and75 in.). If the detector is designed to be sensitive t

12、o body sizebecause of design or desired sensitivity, the physical size oftesters should be smaller and within a narrower range.3.1.2 critical orientationorientation of a test object whichproduces the smallest detection signal or weakest detection.3.1.3 critical sensitivity settingsensitivity setting

13、 of adetector at which the critical test object in its critical orienta-tion is detected at a 90 % or greater rate at the weakest orcritical test point for the detector.3.1.4 critical test objecttest object out of a given group ofobjects which, in its worst-case or critical orientation, producesthe

14、worst-case or critical sensitivity setting for a specificdetector. The group shall comprise one or more objects whichare to be detected under the same detector settings.3.1.5 critical test pointlocation within the passage open-ing of a detector portal which produces the weakest signalresponse (the c

15、ritical sensitivity) for the critical test object at itscritical orientation.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 onControlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment.Current ed

16、ition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1468 04a (2010). DOI:10.1520/F1468-04AR18.2Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, ht

17、tp:/www.ieee.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDev

18、elopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.6 detectorsynonym (used in this practice for brevity)for a walk-through device for detecting weapons such asdefined in 3.1.14.3.1.7 discrimination r

19、atioexpression of a detectors abil-ity to discriminate between a weapon and innocent personalpossessions; it is the ratio of the signal generated by a criticaltest object to the signal generated by an assortment of innocentpersonal possessions (see Section 8).3.1.8 electrical influence test probeair

20、-core coil for creat-ing electromagnetic fields that could influence detector capa-bility (see 15.3).3.1.9 induced electromagnetic field test probeair-core coilfor measuring the strength of the electromagnetic fields gen-erated by a detector (see 15.2).3.1.10 outside influencesite-related situation

21、or occur-rence of a mechanical or electrical nature which alters thenormal operation of the detector.3.1.11 test objectany metallic object used to evaluate thedetection capability of a detector. See 7.2 for specific require-ments.3.1.12 test probetesting devices as specified in 15.2 15.4, utilized i

22、n the simulation of outside influences.3.1.13 testing laboratory sitearea suitable for proper test-ing and evaluation of detectors (see Section 6).3.1.14 walk-through weapons detection device (detector)freestanding screening device, utilizing an electromagneticfield within its portal structure, for

23、detecting metallic weaponsconcealed on persons walking through the structure.3.1.15 weapondevice intended to do damage to personnelor equipment without intentionally harming the attacker, butrequiring the attacker to physically activate the device. Ex-amples include guns, knives, and hand grenades.4

24、. Significance and Use4.1 The significant attributes of this practice are the methodsfor determining the detection capabilities of metal detectors,the methods for determining the effects of outside influences ondetectors, and certain safety requirements for detectors.4.2 While this practice was orig

25、inated for walk-throughmetal weapons detectors, it is equally applicable to detectors ofother metal objects. The innocent objects set (15.1.2) wouldrequire modification commensurate with the size of the otherobject to be tested; some tests may not be applicable and otherspecific and different tests

26、may be necessary.4.3 This practice includes testing site requirements (Section6) to minimize data variations. These methods may be used atnonconforming sites if site-related disturbances are consideredand accounted for.4.4 This practice is not meant to constrain designs but it isapplicable only to d

27、etectors which are designed for individualwalk-through. The portal structure shall be deemed to meet thiscriterion if it provides a minimum vertical clearance of 1.96 m(77 in.) and a minimum horizontal width clearance of 0.66 m(26 in.).4.5 This practice recognizes that the complex movements ofa test

28、 object when carried by a person walking through adetector limits the precision and repeatability of the resultantobserved signals. Averaged results from repeated tests underidentical controlled conditions are recommended to obtain abetter approximation of the underlying hypothetical true valuefor t

29、hat set of conditions.4.6 Where the term “significant” is used, it refers to phe-nomena which, in accordance with accepted engineeringpractices, exceed the normal variation of data.5. Safety Requirements5.1 Personal Health and SafetyThe health and safety ofsearchees, operators, and other persons usi

30、ng or coming incontact with the equipment shall have been considered in theequipment design. In addition to the tip-over tests in 5.4 and5.5, any hazards concerning factors in 5.2 and 5.3 shall beincluded in the evaluation report.5.2 MechanicalThe equipment shall be free of sharpcorners of protrusio

31、ns that can puncture the skin or clothing orinjure persons moving normally within the immediate area.Any potential tripping hazards, such as wires, cables, anti-tiltdevices, ramps, etc. shall also be noted on the report.5.3 ElectricalThe detector shall be free of potential elec-trical shock hazards

32、during operation.5.4 Portal Tip-OverWith a stop at the base of the detectorto prevent sliding, a force shall be applied at or near the top ofthe detector in the direction of search passage until the detectorstarts to tip. The tipping moment, calculated as the heightabove the floor times the maximum

33、force required, shall berecorded in the evaluation report. If anti-tilt fixtures or acces-sories are provided or recommended by the detectormanufacturer, tests shall be conducted with and without suchdevices and recorded in the report.5.5 Accessory Table or Pedestal Tip-OverTest as in 5.4except appl

34、y the force at the point and in the direction foreasiest tipping. Record the resultant moment.5.6 Tip-over testing is not required if a detector must beanchored for proper operation.6. Testing Laboratory Site and General Requirements6.1 Distancing RequirementsSites in which detectors aretested and e

35、valuated shall be free of significant extraneousinfluences.6.1.1 Walls, furniture, lighting, electrical power lines, etc. ofmetallic content or of electrically influencing nature (except forlines supplying power to the detector and interconnecting itscomponents) shall be at least 3 m (10 ft) distant

36、.6.1.2 Overhead structures, such as ceilings or lights, shall beat least 1 m (40 in.) distant from the nearest surface of thedetector and free of electrical lines within 3 m (10 ft).6.2 Floor RequirementsThe floor shall be solid and notcapable of transferring vibration or shake to the detector of an

37、amplitude discernible in the detector signal output when aclean tester walks through. It shall be free of steel except fornails or reinforcing bars. No electrical lines shall run in orF1468 04a (2018)2under the floor closer than 2 m (6.5 ft) to any portion of thedetector. If the manufacturer recomme

38、nds shielding, such as analuminum floor liner or elevated platform, it shall be in placebefore testing.6.3 The working area shall include sufficient space for thedetector and instrumentation equipment, and for personnel tooperate it conveniently. The number of instrumentation standsor carts shall be

39、 minimized. They shall have low metal contentand be located so that they do not influence test results.6.4 Determine by appropriate engineering techniques thatthe testing site is free and remains free of all electricalinfluences which might affect the tests. This includes verifica-tion of the qualit

40、y of the detector power source. Record in theevaluation report any deviations from 6.1 6.4.6.5 The detector shall be in a totally operational condition,complete with such items as floor or wall shieldings, electron-ics pedestals, etc., in their normal operational position.6.6 Many of the following s

41、ections require quantitativemeasurements of signal magnitude. Manufacturers who do notprovide quantitative measurements of signal magnitude shallspecify alternative procedures which will provide equivalentevaluation capability.7. Procedure for Testing Detection Performance7.1 The purpose of this pro

42、cedure is to establish the sensi-tivity setting which is required for the detection of theworst-case test object in its worst orientation at the least-sensitive location within the portal opening. This is the criticalsensitivity for detection of the critical test object in its criticalorientation at

43、 the critical test point.7.2 For the evaluation of detectors under this practice, thetest object or objects shall be actual (not simulated) objectswhich, individually or collectively, represent the characteristicsof the weapons or other contraband objects which it is designedto detect.7.3 As an othe

44、rwise clean tester walks through a detectorcarrying a test object, the path taken by the object can beapproximated by a straight line through a horizontally andvertically located point within the portal opening. This ignoresthe side-to-side rocking, vertical bouncing, body rotation, andvelocity surg

45、ing which the walking motion exhibits. Thesesecondary motions alter the signal generated by a test objectwhen it is carried by an otherwise clean tester, compared to thesignal from the same test object when carried by a hypotheticalmechanized straight-line carrier apparatus.7.3.1 To better simulate

46、expected actual usage, a walk-through of a clean tester carrying a test object must be repeatedsufficient times for statistical accuracy to produce the definitivecritical sensitivity data.7.4 A mechanized carrier produces more consistent data.When such equipment is available, its use is recommended

47、fordetermining the intrinsic sensitivity topography of a detector.Normally, the critical test object, its critical orientation, and thecritical grid location point can be determined, along with anapproximate critical sensitivity.7.4.1 A walk-through is necessary to determine the actualcritical sensi

48、tivity. In the absence of a conflicting requirement,walk-throughs shall be at an approximate velocity of 1 m/s (3ft/s).7.5 If a mechanized carrier is not available, the same testscan be performed by a person carrying the test object. Severalidentical passes are necessary to obtain adequate consisten

49、cy.7.6 Test Object Orientation:7.6.1 The nomenclature and positions given in Fig. 1 referto the orientation of weapons (guns or other weapons) withrespect to the metal detectors.7.7 The comprehensive test for determining detector sensi-tivity requires passing all test objects in a group in allorientations through all points of a selected grid pattern withinthe portal opening. This must be repeated for all combinationsof optional operating modes, multiple channels, and alternateconfigurations. The amount of testing required may be reducedby the following proc