ASTM E1353-2008a Standard Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1353 08aAn American National StandardStandard Test Methods forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of UpholsteredFurniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in

2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 These test methods are designed for the a

3、ssessment ofthe resistance of upholstered furniture component assembliesto combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes underspecified conditions.1.3 The tests apply to upholstered furniture componentscover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt cords, decking materials,barrier materials, and filling

4、 or padding materials including butnot limited to: battings of natural or man-made fibers, foamedor cellular filling materials, resilient pads of natural or man-made fibers, and loose particulate filling materials (such asshredded polyurethane or feathers and down).1.4 The individual test methods an

5、d the materials to whichthey apply are as follows:1.4.1 Cover Fabric TestApplies to outer cover fabrics(see Sections 11 and 12).1.4.2 Interior Fabric TestApplies to interior fabrics usedin intimate contact with outer fabrics (see Sections 13 and 14).1.4.3 Welt Cord TestApplies to welt cord (see Sect

6、ions 15and 16).1.4.4 Filling/Padding Component TestApplies to resilientmaterials used under the cover fabric in seats or in insidevertical walls (inside arm and inside backs) (see Sections 17and 18).1.4.5 Decking Materials TestApplies to resilient materialsused in the deck under loose cushions (see

7、Sections 19 and 20).1.4.6 Barrier Materials TestApplies to materials that areintended to serve as a barrier between cover fabric andconventional polyurethane foam (see Sections 21 and 22).1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mat

8、hematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors requi

9、red for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa

10、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precisi

11、on of a Test Method2.2 Federal Specifications:3Fed.Spec. CCC-C-436-D, Cloth, Ticking, Twill, Cotton;Type I2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and ClassificationSystem for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Componentsof Upholstered Furniture3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions

12、 of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckin upholstered furniture, the upholstered sup-port under the seat cushion in a loose seat construction.3.2.2 obvious ignitionpronounced continuous and self-sustaining combusti

13、on of the test system accompanied by rapidgeneration of heat and smoke. It is a matter of operatorjudgment based upon experience in this type of operation.3.2.3 upholsteredcovered with material (as fabric or pad-ding) to provide a soft surface.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM C

14、ommittee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 1353 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS

15、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, P

16、A 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 upholstered furniturefor the p

17、urpose of these testmethods, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains anysurface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric orrelated upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholsterymaterial, and (3) is intended or promoted for sitting or recliningupon.3.2.5 upholstery cover materi

18、althe outermost layer offabric or related material used to enclose the main supportsystem or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furnitureitem.3.2.6 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or fillingmaterial used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upho

19、lstery cover material, or locatedbetween the upholstery cover material and support system, ifpresent.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,material such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill,bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.7 weltthe piping effect produced when welt cord andcov

20、er fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes tofinish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholsteredfurniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.8 welt cordthe continuous small-diameter cylindricalmaterial that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the coverto make a welt edge

21、on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods consist of several tests used toevaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of component mate-rials used in the manufacture of upholstered furniture. Each testinvolves a miniature assembly consisting of the component tobe tested

22、 along with other specified materials, mounted on aplywood mock-up that resembles a small chair seat and back.The assembly is exposed to a lighted cigarette as an ignitionsource.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are intended to estimate the perfor-mance of upholstered furniture under con

23、ditions of exposure toa smoldering cigarette. This is accomplished by testing furni-ture component assemblies. However, interactions betweencomponents in production furniture are not necessarily pre-dicted by component assembly testing.5.2 These test methods are not intended to measure theperformanc

24、e of upholstered furniture under conditions of openflame exposure and do not indicate whether the furniture willresist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure orwhen tested in a manner that differs substantially from the teststandard.5.3 The results obtained with a material component tes

25、ted inmock-up, in accordance with these test methods, do notnecessarily indicate the performance of the same materialcomponent in other geometric configurations, such as infull-size furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester (MMT) (see Fig. 1):6.1.1 The mini-mock-up tester consists

26、of a base with acentrally located guide and a stationary vertical panel, amovable horizontal carriage, and a removable vertical supportpanel.6.1.2 The base consists of two wooden panels, each nomi-nally 8 by 8 in. with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, joined togetherat one edge. The carriage hasa5by8-in.

27、 (125 by 203-mm)platform to support a horizontal specimen. The platform is 2.5in. (38 mm) above the floor of the base and has a 1.5-in.(38-mm) lip at the front edge. The carriage is grooved to fitover a guide provided on the floor of the base. The removablevertical support panel consists of a wooden

28、 panel nominally 8by 8 in. and with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, which standsagainst the vertical wall of the base.6.2 Decking Materials Tester (DMT) (see Fig. 2)Thedecking materials tester consists of a plywood base and aplywood retainer ring. The base measures 21 by 13.5 by 0.5 in.(533 by 343 by 13

29、 mm). The retainer ring measures 21 by 13.5by 0.5 in. with an opening measuring 16 by 8.5 in. (406 by 216mm).6.3 Ignition Source, consisting of cigarettes without filtertips, made from natural tobacco, 3.4 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2 mm)long with a packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.2(0.270 6 0.020 g/cm2)

30、 and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz(1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be0.236 6 0.024 in./min (0.10 6 0.01 mm/s) when the cigaretteis allowed to burn downward in a draft-protected area.FIG. 1 Mini-Mock-Up TesterFIG. 2 Decking Materials TesterE 1353 08a2NOTE 1With the ciga

31、rette supported at the bottom in a verticalposition, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in.(10 to 50 mm) measured from the top.6.4 Standard Type I Cover FabricThe standard Type Icover fabric shall be 100 % cotton mattress ticking conformingto Fed. Spec. CCC-C-436-D. It sh

32、all be laundered and tumble-dried once before using.6.5 Standard Type II Cover FabricThe standard Type IIcover fabric shall be UFAC standard Type II, 100 % brightregular rayon, scoured, 20/2, ring spun, basketweave construc-tion, 8.0 6 0.5 oz/yd2(271 6 12 g/m2), undyed, containing noflame-retardant

33、finishes or back coating.6.6 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to cover thetest cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %cotton bed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2(125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundered in anautomatic home clothes washing machine and dried in

34、a tumbledrier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting materialshall be cut into pieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5cm).6.7 Standard Polyurethane Foam SubstrateThe standardpolyurethane foam substrate shall be open-celled polyether-type urethane, containing no inorganic fillers o

35、r flame retar-dants, having a density of 1.3 to 1.6 lb/ft3(20 to 25 kg/m3).6.8 MiscellaneousOther apparatus required to carry outthe testing are: straight pins, a staple gun, a knife or scissors,tongs, and a linear scale graduated in millimeters and tenths ofan inch.6.9 Air VelocityAir velocity acro

36、ss the test assembliesshall be maintained below 50 ft/min (15.2 m/min) in order tominimize localized effects from draft superheating of cigaretteembers.NOTE 2A fume hood with air curtains across the face and zero airvelocity at the test locations is recommended. Zero air velocity isindicated by an u

37、ndisturbed vertical smoke plume of 6 in.6.10 Extinguishing Equipment:6.10.1 Pressurized Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suit-able fire extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.10.2 Water Bottle, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguishany ignited portions of the test specimen.6.10.3 Bucket

38、 of Water, for immersing smoldering or burn-ing materials removed from the tester.6.10.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to im-mersion.6.10.5 Gloves.6.10.6 Breathing apparatus.6.11 Draft-Free EnclosureAn open draft preventive en-closure shall be provided and used to restrict airflow toco

39、nvection only (see Fig. 3).7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observedconditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a pointwhere it cannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that atest be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion hasdefinitely occurred. Immediately wet

40、 the exposed area with awater spray from the water bottle, remove the charred orburned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerousto test personnel. Test personnel must avoid exposure to smokeand gases pro

41、duced during testing as much as possible. The useof a large hood with a low air velocity during testing isadvisable, as a means to remove products of combustion.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all test upholstery fabrics and test materials(including polyurethane, cigarettes, and sheeting material) at a

42、temperature of 70 6 5F (21 6 2.8C) and less than 65 %relative humidity for at least 24 h prior to testing. If the testroom conditions do not meet the specifications above for theconditioning room, then the testing shall be initiated within 10min after the specimens are removed from the conditioningr

43、oom.9. Report9.1 Report the following information for each component:9.1.1 Test procedure used,9.1.2 Total number of cigarettes applied,9.1.3 Whether ignition occurred,9.1.4 Individual maximum lengths for each specimen, mea-sured to the nearest 0.1 in. (0.2 cm),9.1.4.1 Measurements exceeding 2 in. (

44、5.1 cm) shall bereported as follows: 2 in.,9.1.5 Whether Class A or Class B, and9.1.6 Test room conditions.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision for measuring cigarette igni-tion resistance classification has not been determined. Resultsof a planned interlaboratory test series will be in

45、cluded whenavailable.10.2 BiasThe true value of cigarette ignition resistanceclassification of upholstered furniture components can only bedefined in terms of a test method. Within this limitation, thesetest methods have no known bias and are generally accepted asreferee methods.COVER FABRIC TEST11.

46、 Test Specimen11.1 Cut three specimens, each 8 by 8 in. (203 by 203 mm),from the material to be tested for horizontal panels, and threespecimens, 8 by 15 in. (203 by 381 mm), for vertical panels.FIG. 3 Draft EnclosureE 1353 08a311.2 Cut each specimen with its long dimension in thedirection of the wa

47、rp and assembled for testing in a warp-to-warp orientation, such that the major areas of weave variationwill lie in the crevice of the assembled test apparatus.11.3 For fabrics with complex weaves, cut specimens sothat portions of the three largest areas of weave complexity arecontacted by the cigar

48、ettes placed on the test assemblies. Fordyed or printed fabrics, or both, color shall not constitute adifference with respect to cigarette ignition resistance in thistest.12. Procedure12.1 For horizontal panels, place the 8 by 8-in. (203 by203-mm) cover fabric specimen on an 8 by 5 by 2-in. (203 by1

49、27 by 51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4, andpin the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them in place.12.2 For vertical panels, place the 8 by 15-in. (203 by381-mm) fabric specimen on an 8 by 8 by 2-in. (203 by 203 by51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4. The fabricshall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and be pinnedinto place on the corners. The warp or machine direction of thefabric shall run from front to back on the test assembly.12.3 Place each assembled vertical and horizontal panel in amini-mock-up tester