ASTM E390-2015 red 2934 Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds《钢熔焊连接用标准参考射线照片》.pdf
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1、Designation: E390 11E390 15Standard Reference Radiographs forSteel Fusion Welds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This standard provides reference radiographs for steel fusion wel
3、ds that contain typical discontinuities with varying severitylevels in different thicknesses of material. The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this standard and must be purchasedseparately from ASTM International if needed.1.2 There are three volumes of reference radiographs based on sev
4、en nominal weld thicknesses as follows:Vol IrefSet of 16 plates (812 by 11 in.) covering base material up to and including 14 in. (6.4 mm) in thickness.Vol IISet of 29 plates (812 by 11 in.) covering base material over 14 to and including 3 in. (6.4 to 76 mm) in thickness.Vol IIISet of 32 plates (81
5、2 by 11 in.) covering base material over 3 to including 8 in. (76 to 203 mm) in thickness.1.3 From time to time, there may be minor changes to the process for manufacturing of the reference radiograph adjunctmaterials. These changes could include changes in the films or processing chemicals used, ch
6、anges in the dies or printing for thecardboard mats, etc.; however, in all cases, these changes are reviewed by the Illustration Monitoring Subcommittee and allreference radiographs are reviewed against a fixed prototype image to ensure that there are no changes to the acceptance levelrepresented by
7、 the reference radiographs. Therefore, the adjunct reference radiographs remain valid for use with this standardregardless of the date of production or the revision level of the text standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthese
8、s are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate sa
9、fety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:3Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds:Volume I,
10、Thickness Up to and Including 14 in. (6.4 mm)4Volume II, Thickness Over 14 to 3 in. (6.4 to 76 mm), incl5Volume III, Thickness Over 3 to 8 in. (76 to 203 mm), incl63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this document, see Terminology E1316, Section D.1 These reference radiogra
11、phs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02on Reference Radiological Images.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2015. Published August 2011September 2015. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous
12、edition approved in 20062011as E390 - 01E390 - 11.(2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0390-11.10.1520/E0390-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Docume
13、nt Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from ASTM Headquarters.4 Order RRE039001.5 Order RRE039002.6 Order RRE039003.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becaus
14、eit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
15、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 The terms relating to discontinuities present in these reference radiographs are described based upon radiographicappearance.The terms “darker” and “lighter” as used in this standard refer to the optical density of a ra
16、diographic film.Where otherradiographic media are used, these terms should be understood to refer to areas of greater or lesser radiologic transmission,respectively.4. Significance and Use4.1 These reference radiographs may be used as a means for establishing the types and severity levels of discont
17、inuities thatare revealed by radiographic examination of steel fusion welds.4.2 Each volume contains illustrations of representative graded and ungraded discontinuities applicable to seven thicknessranges, as shown in Table 1. Table 2 lists the discontinuity types and severities illustrated for each
18、 thickness of base material. Eachof the graded discontinuity types has five severity levels, 1 through 5 in order of increasing severity. The ungraded discontinuitiesare included for informational purposes.4.3 These reference radiographs may be used in contractual specifications, for which agreement
19、 has been reached betweenpurchaser and supplier, to establish acceptance limits of the types and severity levels of discontinuities revealed by radiographicexamination.4.4 The use of this document is not intended to be restricted to the specific energy levels given in Table 3 or to the thicknesslimi
20、ts given in Table 1. This document may be used, where there is no other applicable document, for other energy levels orthicknesses, or both, for which it is found to be applicable and for which agreement has been reached between purchaser andmanufacturer.5. Preparation of Reference Radiographs5.1 Th
21、e illustration in Vol I and the first two thicknesses of Vol II are radiographic while those in the thick section of Vol II (2in.) and Vol III are photographic reproductions.5.2 The radiographs were made to a quality level of at least 2-2T penetrameter sensitivity.5.3 Table 3 lists the technique use
22、d in producing the original radiographs. The data are included for information and are not tobe construed as the recommended technique.5.4 The radiographic exposure was controlled so as to produce an optical density of from 2.00 to 2.25 in a selected location onthe weld bead. The reproductions used
23、in Vol III were prepared to the same density requirements and they substantially retain thecontrast and detail of the original radiographs.6. Description of Discontinuities6.1 Porosity occurs as voids caused by gas trapped in the weld metal deposit. The voids may occur as spherical, elongated, or“wo
24、rm hole” shapes and in patterns that are random, clustered, or linear. On a radiograph the spherical voids have the appearanceof a rounded dark area while the nonspherical voids have an elongated dark area with a smooth outline.6.2 Tungsten Inclusions are tungsten particles entrapped in the weld dep
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