ASTM E133-1992(2016) 7471 Standard Specification for Distillation Equipment《蒸馏设备的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: E133 92 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forDistillation Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers distillation equipment used inth

3、e following ASTM test methods: D86, D850, and (forapproved alternative requirements only) Test Method D1078.1.2 Some items of equipment included in this specificationare common to all methods; other items are not. Therefore,those portions of this specification pertinent to the need mustbe selected.1

4、.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petrole

5、um Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Related MaterialsD1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-ganic LiquidsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE1272 Specification for Laboratory G

6、lass Graduated Cylin-dersE1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation Flasks3. Apparatus Assembly3.1 Typical assemblies of the apparatus are shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2.4. Distillation Flasks4.1 Flasks of heat-resistant glass shall be provided asindicated in Fig. 3 and shall comply with the r

7、equirements ofSpecification E1405.5. Condenser and Cooling Bath5.1 Typical approved types of condenser and cooling bathare included in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. These items are common toall methods covered by this specification.5.2 The condenser shall be made of seamless brass tubing,22 in. (55.88 cm) in l

8、ength. It shall be916 in. (14.29 mm) inoutside diameter, and shall have a wall thickness of 0.031 to0.036 in. (0.08 to 0.09 cm).5.3 The condenser shall be set so that approximately 15.5 in.(39.4 cm) of the tube will be in contact with the coolingmedium, with about 2 in. (5 cm) outside the cooling ba

9、th at theupper end, and about 412 in. (11 cm) outside at the lower end.The length of tube projecting at the upper end shall be straightand shall be set at an angle of 75 with the vertical. The sectionof the tube inside the cooling bath may be either straight orbent in any suitable continuous, smooth

10、 curve. The averagegradient shall be 0.26 in. (0.66 cm)/linear in. (2.54 cm) ofcondenser tube (sine of angle of 15), and no section of theimmersed portion of the condenser tube shall have a gradientless than 0.24 in. (0.61 cm) nor more than 0.28 in. (0.71 cm-) linear in. of tube. The projecting lowe

11、r portion of thecondenser tube shall be curved downward for a length of 3 in.(7.62 cm) and slightly backward so as to ensure contact withthe wall of the receiving graduate at a point approximately 1 to114 in. (2.54 to 3.18 cm) below the top of the graduate when itis in position to receive the distil

12、late. The lower end of thecondenser tube shall be cut off at an acute angle so that the tipmay be brought into contact with the wall of the cylinder.5.4 The capacity of the cooling bath shall be not less than340 in.3(5.55 L) of cooling medium. The arrangement of thetube in the cooling bath shall be

13、such that its center line shallbe not less than 114 in. (3.18 cm) below the plane of the top ofthe bath at its point of entrance and not less than34 in. (1.91cm) above the floor of the bath at its exit.5.5 Clearances between the condenser tube and the walls ofthe bath shall be at least12 in. (1.27 c

14、m) except for the sections1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 onLaboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 onLaboratory Ware and Supplies.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1958. La

15、st previous edition approved in 2010 as E133 92 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/E0133-92R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

16、onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1adjacent to the points of entrance and exit. Multiple installa-tions are permissible, provided they conform to the dimen-sional requirements and the capacity of the ba

17、th is not less than340 in.3(5.55 L)/tube.6. Metal Shield or Enclosure for Flask6.1 Type 1 Shield (Fig. 1) is 19 in. (48.26 cm) high, 11 in.(27.94 cm) long, and 8 in. (20.32 cm) wide, made of sheetmetal of approximately 22 gauge. It shall have a door on onenarrow side, and two openings 1 in. (2.54 cm

18、) in diameter,equally spaced in each of the two narrow sides, with a slot cutin one side for the vapor tube. The centers of these fouropenings shall be 812 in. (21.59 cm) below the top of theshield. There shall be three14-in. (1.27 cm) holes in each of thefour sides, with their centers 1 in. above t

19、he base of the shield.6.2 Type 2 Shield (Fig. 2)is1714 in. (44.45 cm) high, 8 in.(20.32 cm) long, and 8 in. wide, made of sheet metal ofapproximately 22 gauge, with a window on the front side. Theopen bottom of the shield shall be spaced approximately 2 in.(5 cm) from the base of the unit. The rear

20、of the shield shallhave an elliptical hole for the vapor tube. A flask-adjustingknob shall be located on front of the shield for adjusting theflask support. Also, a heat-adjusting indicating dial shall beused to provide stepless heat control when the electric heater isused. The entire mechanism shal

21、l be built into the bottomportion of the shield. When an electric heater is employed, theportion of the shield above the board shall be the same as withthe gas burner, but the part below may be omitted.7. Heat Source7.1 Gas Burner (Fig. 1), so constructed that sufficient heatfrom the available gas c

22、an be obtained to distill the product atthe specified rate. A sensitive regulating valve and gas pressuregovernor to give complete control of heating may be provided.7.2 Electric Heater (Fig. 2), may be used instead of a gasburner, provided it is capable of bringing over the first dropfrom a cold st

23、art within the time specified and of continuing theFIG. 1 Apparatus Assembly Using Gas BurnerFIG. 2 Apparatus Assembly Using Electric HeaterE133 92 (2016)2distillation at the specified rate. Heater units of low heatretention, adjustable from 0 to 1000 W, have been foundsatisfactory.8. Flask Support8

24、.1 Type 1 for Use with Gas Burner (Fig. 1)Aring supportof the ordinary laboratory type, 4 in. (10.2 cm) or larger indiameter, supported on a stand inside the shield or on aplatform, and adjustable from the outside of the shield, may beused.8.1.1 Two ceramic or hard heat-resistant boards,18 to14 in.(

25、3.2 to 6.4 mm) in thickness, shall rest upon the ring or theplatform, whichever is used. The board immediately above thering or platform shall have a centered opening 3 to 4 in. (7.6 to10 cm) in diameter and outside line dimensions slightly smallerthan the inside boundaries of the shield.8.1.2 The s

26、econd or flask-support board shall be slightlysmaller in outside dimensions than the first board and shallhave a centered opening conforming to the dimensions pre-scribed in Table 1. It shall be18 to14 in. in thickness at thecenter-hole rim. This flask-support board may be movedslightly in accordanc

27、e with the directions for placing thedistillation flask, and direct heat shall be applied to the flaskonly through the opening in this board.8.2 Type 2 for Use with Electric Heater (Fig. 2)The top ofthe electric heater shall consist of a ceramic or hard heat-resistant flask-support board with a cent

28、ered hole as specifiedin Table 1, and a thickness of18 to14 in. at the center-hole rim.Provisions shall be made for moving the heater unit, with itstop, in order to place the distillation flask so that direct heatshall be applied to the flask only through the opening in theflask-support board.9. Gra

29、duated Cylinders9.1 Graduated cylinders shall be provided as indicated inFig. 4 and shall comply with the requirements of SpecificationE1272.10. Thermometers10.1 Thermometers meeting the requirements of Specifica-tion E1 shall be provided (Table 2).Type IIClass 3*Type IType IIClass 1*Type IIClass 5*

30、NOTE 1The detailed construction requirements are found in Specification E1405.FIG. 3 Distillation FlasksTABLE 1 Flask Support BoardsFlask Support Board Diameter of Opening, in. (cm)A114 (3.18)B112 (3.81)C 2 (5)D234 (6.91)TABLE 2 ThermometersASTMThermometerNo.ARangeSubdivisionsF C2C . 5 to 300 1C7F 3

31、0 to 580 . 2F7C . 2 to 300 1C8F 30 to 760 . 2F8C . 2 to 400 1C37C . 2 to 52 0.2C38C . 24 to 78 0.2C39C . 48 to 102 0.2C40C . 72 to 126 0.2C41C . 98 to 152 0.2C42C . 95 to 255 0.5C102C . 123 to 177 0.2C103C . 148 to 202 0.2C104C . 173 to 227 0.2C105C . 198 to 252 0.2C106C . 223 to 277 0.2C107C . 248

32、to 302 0.2CAThe detailed constructional requirements for these thermometers are found inTable 1 of Specification E1.E133 92 (2016)311. Keywords11.1 apparatus; distillationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedi

33、n this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mu

34、st be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of th

35、eresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70

36、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1The detailed construction requirements are found in Specification E1272.FIG. 4 Graduated CylindersE133 92 (2016)4