ASTM D7344-2017 red 7500 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)《大气压力下石油产品和液体燃料蒸馏的标准试验方法(微法)》.pdf

《ASTM D7344-2017 red 7500 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)《大气压力下石油产品和液体燃料蒸馏的标准试验方法(微法)》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ASTM D7344-2017 red 7500 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)《大气压力下石油产品和液体燃料蒸馏的标准试验方法(微法)》.pdf（38页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Designation: D7344 14D7344 17Standard Test Method forDistillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels atAtmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determination of the distillation charact

3、eristics of petroleum products andliquid fuels in the range of 20 C to 400 C (68 F to 752 F) using miniaturized automatic distillation apparatus.1.2 This test method is applicable to such products as: light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels,automotive spark-ignition engi

4、ne fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, regular and lowsulfur diesel fuels, all grades of No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels (as described in Specification D975), biodiesel (B100), biodieselblends up to 20 %30 % biodiesel, special petroleum spirits, pure petroch

5、emical compounds, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines,burner fuels, and kerosenes, furnace fuel oils, and distillate marine fuels.NOTE 1The up to 10 % by volume ethanol limit in spark ignition engine fuels (E10) was the range used in the supporting interlaboratory studies.Spark ignition engine fuels

6、containing 10 % by volume ethanol and up to 20 % by volume ethanol (E20) may be analyzed, however the stated precisionand bias does not apply.1.3 This test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciablequantities of residual materi

7、al.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establi

8、sh appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of I

9、nternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD323 Test Method for Vapor Pr

10、essure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced PressureD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

11、D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Pe

12、troleum Products (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct re

13、sponsibility of SubcommitteeD02.08 on Volatility.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014May 1, 2017. Published January 2015June 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 asD7344 11a.D7344 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7344-14.10.1520/D7344-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, vis

14、it theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This docum

15、ent is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as a

16、ppropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United

17、States1D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purportto Measure the Same Property of a Material2.2 Energy Institute Standards:4IP 69 Determination of Vapour PressureReid MethodIP 394 Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure

18、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 decomposition, nof a hydrocarbon, pyrolysis or cracking of a molecule yielding smaller molecules with lower boilingpoints than the original molecule.3.1.1.1 decomposition point, nin distillation, the corrected temperature reading that coincides with the first indi

19、cations ofthermal decomposition of the specimen.3.1.2 dynamic holdup, nin D7344 distillation, amount of material present in the distillation column, and in the condenserduring the distillation.3.1.3 end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP), nmaximum corrected temperature reading obtained during t

20、he test.3.1.4 initial boiling point (IBP), nin D7344 distillation, corrected temperature reading at the instant of the first detection ofcondensate in the receiver.3.1.5 percent evaporated, nin distillation, sum of the percent recovered and the percent loss.3.1.6 percent loss, n in distillation, one

21、 hundred minus the percent total recovery.3.1.6.1 corrected loss, npercent loss corrected for barometric pressure.3.1.7 percent recovered, nin distillation, the volume of condensate collected relative to the sample charge.3.1.8 percent recovery, nin distillation, maximum percent recovered relative t

22、o the sample charge.3.1.8.1 corrected percent recovery, nin distillation, the percent recovery, adjusted for the corrected percent loss.3.1.8.2 percent total recovery, nin distillation, the combined percent recovery and percent residue.3.1.9 percent residue, nin distillation, the volume of residue r

23、elative to the sample charge.3.1.10 sample charge, nthe amount of sample used in a test.3.1.11 vapor temperature reading, ntemperature of the saturated vapor measured in the distillation column below the vaportube, as determined by the prescribed conditions of the test.3.1.11.1 corrected vapor tempe

24、rature reading, ntemperature reading, as described in 3.1.11, corrected for barometric pressure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Based on its composition, vapor pressure, expected IBP or expected FBP, or a combination thereof, the sample is placed inone of fourfive groups. Condenser temperature and othe

25、r operational variables are defined by the group in which the sample falls.4.2 A specimen of the sample is distilled under prescribed conditions for the group in which the sample falls. The specimenvolume for distillation Groups 10 to 3 is 6 mL. For Group 4, the specimen volume is 5.5 mL. The distil

26、lation is performed in anautomatic, miniaturized distillation apparatus at ambient pressure under conditions that are designed to provide approximately onetheoretical plate fractionation. The vapor temperature readings and volumes of condensate are monitored continuously. After thetest, specimen los

27、ses and residue are recorded.4.3 After conclusion of the test, the temperatures are automatically corrected for barometric pressure, using the pressure readingof a built-in pressure transducer. The data are examined for conformance to procedural requirements, such as distillation rates. Thetest has

28、to be repeated if any specified condition has not been met.4.4 Test results are commonly expressed as percent volume evaporated or percent volume recovered versus corresponding vaportemperature, either in a table or graphically, as a plot of the distillation curve.4.5 This test method uses a small s

29、pecimen volume and miniaturized apparatus which can be portable for field testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons and other liquids have an important effect on their safety andperformance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boil

30、ing range gives information on the composition, the properties,and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixtureto produce potentially explosive vapors.4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG

31、 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.D7344 1725.2 The distillation characteristics are equally important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up,and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperatures or high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point

32、componentsin these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.5.3 Volatility, as it affects the rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly thoseused in paints.5.4 Distillation limits are often inclu

33、ded in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, processrefinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.5.5 This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in developmentor research wor

34、k on hydrocarbon solvents.5.5.1 This test method gives a broad indication of general purity and can also indicate presence of excessive moisture. It willnot differentiate between products of similar boiling range.6. Apparatus6.1 Automatic Distillation ApparatusThe type of apparatus suitable for this

35、 test method employs a heat source, a specimencup, a stainless steel distillation column, a temperature measuring device, a thermoelectrically controlled condenser and receiversystem, a thermoelectrically controlled sample introduction and dosing system, and a system to measure and automatically rec

36、ordthe vapor temperature, the associated percent recovered volume in the receiver, the condenser temperature, and the barometricpressure.56.2 A description of the apparatus is given in Annex A1.6.3 Sample Introduction and Dosing SystemA system capable to automatically draw sample from a sample conta

37、iner and fillthe specimen container cup with a specimen of 6 mL 6 0.05 mL or 5.5 mL 6 0.05 mL.6.4 Temperature Measuring DeviceAthermocouple (NiCr-Ni or similar) in stainless steel tube of 1 mm 6 0.02 mm diameterwith a response time of t(90) = 3 s 6 1 s shall be used for measuring the temperature of

38、the vapor. The minimum resolution shallbe 0.1 C (0.2 F), and the minimum accuracy 60.1 C (0.2 F).6.5 Pressure TransducerA pressure transducer with a minimum range of 0 kPa to 120 kPa with a minimum resolution of0.1 kPa shall be used. The minimum accuracy shall be 60.1 kPa.6.6 Balance, with a minimum

39、 range of 25 g and a minimum accuracy of 63 mg.6.7 Pressure Measuring Device for Calibration, capable of measuring local station pressure with an accuracy and a resolutionof 0.1 kPa (1 mm Hg) or better, at the same elevation relative to sea level as the apparatus in the laboratory.7. Reagents and Ma

40、terials7.1 Purity of ReagentsUse chemicals of at least 99 % purity for quality control checks. Quality control check materials usedin this test method are toluene (WarningFlammable and a health hazard) and hexadecane (see Section 10). Unless otherwiseindicated, it is intended that all reagents confo

41、rm to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the AmericanChemical Society6 where such specifications are available. Lower purities can be used, provided it is first ascertained that thereagent is of sufficient purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the dete

42、rmination.NOTE 2The chemicals in this section are suggested for quality control procedures (see Section 10) and are not used for instrument calibration.8. Sampling, Storage, and Sample Conditioning8.1 Determine the group characteristics that correspond to the sample to be tested (see Table 1). Where

43、 the procedure isdependent upon the group, the section headings will be so marked.8.2 Sampling:8.2.1 Only samples that are liquid at room temperature can be tested by this test method.8.2.2 Sampling shall be done as described in Table 2 and in accordance with Practice D4057 or D4177, except do not u

44、se the“Sampling by Water Displacement” section for fuels containing oxygenates.8.2.2.1 Groups 1 and 2Collect the sample as described in 8.2.2 at a temperature below 10 C (50 F). If this is not possiblebecause, for instance, the product to be sampled is at ambient temperature, the sample shall be dra

45、wn into a bottle prechilled tobelow 10 C (50 F), in such a manner that agitation is kept at a minimum. Close the bottle immediately with a tight-fitting closure.(WarningDo not completely fill and tightly seal a cold bottle of sample due to the of the likelihood of breakage upon warming.)5 The sole s

46、ource of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Grabner Instruments,A-1220 Vienna, Dr. Otto Neurathgasse 1,Austria. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at

47、a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.6 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory

48、Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.D7344 1738.2.2.2 Groups 3 0, 3, and 4Collect the sample at ambient temperature. After sampling, close the sample bottle immediatelywith a tigh

49、t-fitting closure.8.2.2.3 If the sample received by the testing laboratory has been sampled by others and it is not known whether sampling hasbeen performed as described in 8.2, the sample shall be assumed to have been so sampled.8.2.2.4 Follow the manufacturers instructions for introducing the test specimen into the measuring chamber.8.3 Sample Storage:8.3.1 If testing is not to start immediately after collection, store the samples as indicated in 8.3.2 and 8.3.3 and Table 2. Allsamples shall be stored away from direct sunlight or so