ASTM D1987-2007(2016) Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil Geotextile Filters《土工织物或者土壤 土工织物过滤器生物阻塞的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D1987-2007(2016) Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil Geotextile Filters《土工织物或者土壤 土工织物过滤器生物阻塞的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D1987-2007(2016) Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil Geotextile Filters《土工织物或者土壤 土工织物过滤器生物阻塞的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D1987 07 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forBiological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the potential for,and relative degree of, biological growth which ca
3、n accumulateon geotextile or geotextile/soil filters.1.2 This test method uses the measurement of flow ratesover an extended period of time to determine the amount ofclogging.1.3 This test method can be adapted for nonsaturated as wellas saturated conditions.1.4 This test method can use constant hea
4、d or falling headmeasurement techniques.1.5 This test method can also be used to give an indicationas to the possibility of backflushing and/or biocide treatmentfor remediation purposes if biological clogging does occur.1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values provide
5、d in inch-pound units are for informationonly.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul
6、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD449
7、1 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityD5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compat-ibility of Soil-Geotextile SystemsG22 Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics toBacteria (Withdrawn 2002)3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine
8、 the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles.3.1.2 permeability, nthe rate of flow of a liquid under adifferential pressure through a material.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn geotextiles, permeability refers tohydraulic con
9、ductivity.3.1.3 permittivity, ()(t1), nof geotextiles, the volumetricflow rate of water per unit, in a cross sectional area head underlaminar flow conditions.3.1.4 aerobic, na condition in which a measurable volumeof air is present in the incubation chamber or system.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn geotextiles
10、, this condition can poten-tially contribute to the growth of micro-organisms.3.1.5 anaerobic, na condition in which no measurablevolume of air is present in the incubation chamber or system.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn geotextiles, this condition cannotcontribute to the growth of microorganisms.3.1.6 back
11、flushing, na process by which liquid is forcedin the reverse direction to the flow direction.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn other drainage application areas,this process is commonly used to free clogged drainagesystems of materials that impede the intended direction of flow.3.1.7 biocide, na chemical used to
12、kill bacteria and othermicroorganisms.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D123 and D4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A geotextile filter specimen or geotextile/soil filtercomposite specimen is positioned in a flow column so that a1This test method is und
13、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-ance Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1987 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D19
14、87-07R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standa
15、rd is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1designated liquid flows through it under either constant orfalling head conditions.4.1.1 The designated liquid might contain micro-organismsfrom which bio
16、logical growth can occur.4.2 Flow rate is measured over time, converted to eitherpermittivity or permeability, and reported according.4.2.1 Between readings, the test specimen can be allowed tobe in either nonsaturated or saturated conditions.4.2.2 Back flushing can be introduced from the directiono
17、pposite to the intended flow direction and evaluated accord-ingly.4.2.3 Biocide can be introduced with the back flushingliquid, or introduced within the test specimen, and evaluatedaccordingly.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is performance oriented for determin-ing if, and to what degree
18、, different liquids create biologicalactivity on geotextile filters thereby reducing their flow capa-bility. The use of the method is primarily oriented towardlandfill leachates but can be performed with any liquid comingfrom a particular site or synthesized from a predeterminedmixture of biological
19、 microorganisms.5.2 The test can be used to compare the flow capability ofdifferent types of geotextiles or soil/geotextile combinations.5.3 This test will usually take considerable time, forexample, up to 1000 h, for the biological activity to initiate,grow, and reach an equilibrium condition. The
20、curves resultingfrom the test are intended to indicate the in situ behavior of ageotextile or soil/geotextile filter.5.4 The test specimen can be incubated under non-saturateddrained conditions between readings, or kept saturated at alltimes. The first case allows for air penetration into the flowco
21、lumn and thus aerobic conditions. The second case can resultin the absence of air, thus it may simulate anaerobic conditions.5.5 The flow rate can be determined using either a constanthead test procedure or on the basis of a falling head testprocedure. In either case the flow column containing thege
22、otextile or soil/geotextile is the same, only the head controldevices change.NOTE 1It has been found that once biological clogging initiates,constant head tests often pass inadequate quantities of liquid to accuratelymeasure. It thus becomes necessary to use falling head tests which can bemeasured o
23、n the basis of time of movement of a relatively small quantityof liquid between two designated points on a clear plastic standpipe.5.6 If the establishment of an unacceptably high degree ofclogging is seen in the flow rate curves, the device allows forbackflushing with water or with water containing
24、 a biocide.5.7 The resulting flow rate curves are intended for use in thedesign of full scale geotextile or soil/geotextile filtrationsystems and possible remediation schemes in the case oflandfill lechate collection and removal systems.6. Apparatus6.1 The flow column and specimen mount, consists of
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