[考研类试卷]2008年上海外国语大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc
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1、2008年上海外国语大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷及答案与解析 一、完形填空 0 Fill in each of the blanks below with a word provided in the box. You may change the words into their proper forms if needed so that the words you put in will be grammatically and semantically appropriate. You can only use the words in the box ONCE. Write yo
2、ur answers on your Answer Sheet.All three winners of this years Nobel Prize for Medicine are eminent scientists, but Mario Capecchi is the one with the spiral-staircase story: the starving, homeless Italian street kid who found his way to America, to Harvard, to Utah, ever the refugee, before finall
3、y arriving at eternal glory and the Nobel Prize. Its in many ways a familiar tale, Oliver Twist meets Albert Einstein, the pilgrim who comes to the promised land expecting, as he says, “the roads to be paved in【 C1】 _.What I found actually was just opportunity.“ But his story also has enough nice se
4、rrated edges to【 C2】 _our theories about genes and genius and what really makes us who we are. You could say the visionary geneticist had a【 C3】 _genetic edge. Capecchis grandmother was a painter, his uncle a renowned physicist, and his mother Lucy Ramberg an expat American poet【 C4】 _in a chalet in
5、 the Italian Alps when Mario was born in 1937. She had fallen in with a group of bohemian writers who believed, her son says with just a【 C5】 _of bemusement, that “they could wipe out Fascism and Nazism with a pen.“ After the Gestapo came in 1941 to take her to Dachau, Mario【 C6】 _on the streets. He
6、 was 4 years old. All children have their own normal; they have not yet seen any worlds other than their own. Capecchis【 C7】 _was an uncontrolled experiment in resilience. “I never felt sorry for myself,“ he recalls. “Children are remarkably【 C8】 _. Put them in a situation, and they simply will do w
7、hatever it is they need to do.“ For his band of urchins, that meant a cunning methodical pursuit of food and shelter. They worked together like raptors, one child【 C9】 _the street vendors so another could steal the fruit. Capecchi finally landed in a【 C10】 _in Reggio Emilia, where he could starve mo
8、re systematically. The daily【 C11】 _was a piece of bread and some chicory coffee, and to keep the children from running off, “they【 C12】 _all of our clothes away.“ He lay on a bed with no sheets, no blankets, feverish with hunger. It was there he learned the art of【 C13】 _plotting as he imagined all
9、 the ways he might escape and the obstacles hed【 C14】 _to do so. In 1945, when American soldiers liberated Dachau, Lucy went hunting for her son. She scoured hospital records, searching for more than a year before she【 C15】_him down. It was on his 9th birthday, Oct. 6, 1946, that the mother he scarc
10、ely【 C16】 _arrived, a new Tyrolean outfit in hand, including the hat with the feather. She took him to Rome, where he had his first【 C17】 _in six years, and ultimately to the New World, where they settled in Quaker Commune outside Philadelphia. Creativity, Capecchi once said, comes from “the【 C18】 _
11、juxtaposition“ of life experiences. His old life and new one certainly rubbed each other raw. Some teachers wrote off the feral boy who had never set【 C19】 _in a school and spoke no English; but others gave him paints and told him to make murals to communicate. One day he was beating up the【 C20】 _t
12、hird-graders, since that was what he knew how to do. And soon he was beating up older kids on【 C21】 _of his peers. “That gave me a position,“ he says, “some social standing.“ Capecchi ultimately【 C22】_his way to Harvard, the center of the universe in the early days of molecular biology. But he felt【
13、 C23】 _by colleagues whose rivalries consumed them as much as their research. So he set off for the University of Utah, where the sight lines suited him better and collegiality was the【 C24】 _to success. He lives in a house high over a canyon, “I love looking across long distance,“ he says. “I think
14、 it sort of【 C25】 _up my mind.“ This vista is necessary for his work as well as his【 C26】_. Capecchi looks at science as a series of circles: the smallest circle is the one in which everyone is doing the【 C27】 _thing. As you move farther out “fewer people are willing to go there, but youre charting
15、new area.【 C28】 _too far. Step out of bounds, and youre in science fiction. So you have to be careful, But you want to be as close to the【 C29】 _as possible.“ When he first proposed manipulating mouse genes to help model disease, the NIH gatekeepers thought he was over the line, “Not【 C30】 _of pursu
16、it,“ they said of his grant proposals. Happily Capecchi ignored them. Now he triumphed in spite of his ordeals. 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 11 【 C11】 12 【 C12】 13 【 C13】 14 【 C14】 15 【 C15】 16 【 C16】 17 【 C17】 18 【 C18】 19 【 C19】 20 【 C20】 21 【 C
17、21】 22 【 C22】 23 【 C23】 24 【 C24】 25 【 C25】 26 【 C26】 27 【 C27】 28 【 C28】 29 【 C29】 30 【 C30】 二、短文改错 30 In his 1988 best seller A Brief history of Time, Stephen Hawking made readers wonder: if the universe is expanding, where is it expanding to? Now Hawking has teamed up his daughter, Lucy【 M1】 _ Ha
18、wking, to write Georges Secret Key to the Universe, the first in a trilogy of novels directed at the fertile minds of children. In an interview on e-mail, Hawking explains:【 M2】 _ “The aim of the book is to encourage childrens sense of wonder at the universe. We want them to look up outward.【 M3】 _
19、Only then will they be able to make the right decisions to safeguard the future of the human race.“ Georges Secret Key to the Universe, aimed 9-to 11-year-olds,【 M4】 _ tells the story of a young boy, George, and a cheery astrophysicist, Eric, who talking computer opens a portal to the known【 M5】 _ u
20、niverse. The duo don spacesuits and use the portal to search for planets to which humanity can escape the irreversible【 M6】 _ warming of the earth. Along the way, George and the reader learn from the basics of astrophysics and astronomy through【 M7】 _ illustrations and captioned photographs. “You do
21、nt need actual secret key to explore the universe,“ George ultimately【 M8】 _ discovers. “Theres one that everyone can use. Its called physics.“ The Hawkings portray the universe as harmony and【 M9】 _ largely benign. But our present know ledge of the universe suggests that it is , in fact, a desolate
22、 and often violent expanse place in【 M10】 _ which humankind plays an inconsequential role. 31 【 M1】 32 【 M2】 33 【 M3】 34 【 M4】 35 【 M5】 36 【 M6】 37 【 M7】 38 【 M8】 39 【 M9】 40 【 M10】 三、阅读理解 40 This dictionary is for people who want to use modern English. It offers accurate and detailed information on
23、 the way modern English is used in all kinds of communication. It is a useful guide to writing and speaking English as well as an aid to reading and understanding. This dictionary looks rather like most others if you dont look too closely. Actually it is quite new and different. The techniques used
24、to compile it are new and use advanced computer technology. For the user, the kind of information is different, the quality of information is different, and the presentation of the information is different. For the first time, a dictionary has been compiled by the thorough examination of a represent
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