ASTM C177-2004 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus《用护热板法测定稳态热通量和传导性的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM C177-2004 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus《用护热板法测定稳态热通量和传导性的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM C177-2004 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus《用护热板法测定稳态热通量和传导性的标准试验方法》.pdf(22页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: C 177 04Standard Test Method forSteady-State Heat Flux Measurements and ThermalTransmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-PlateApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1
3、. Scope1.1 This test method establishes the criteria for the labora-tory measurement of the steady-state heat flux through flat,homogeneous specimen(s) when their surfaces are in contactwith solid, parallel boundaries held at constant temperaturesusing the guarded-hot-plate apparatus.1.2 The test ap
4、paratus designed for this purpose is known asa guarded-hot-plate apparatus and is a primary (or absolute)method. This test method is comparable, but not identical, toISO 8302.1.3 This test method sets forth the general design require-ments necessary to construct and operate a satisfactoryguarded-hot
5、-plate apparatus. It covers a wide variety of appa-ratus constructions, test conditions, and operating conditions.Detailed designs conforming to this test method are not givenbut must be developed within the constraints of the generalrequirements. Examples of analysis tools, concepts and proce-dures
6、 used in the design, construction, calibration and opera-tion of a guarded-hot-plate apparatus are given in Refs (1-41).21.4 This test method encompasses both the single-sided andthe double-sided modes of measurement. Both distributed andline source guarded heating plate designs are permitted. Theus
7、er should consult the standard practices on the single-sidedmode of operation, Practice C 1044, and on the line sourceapparatus, Practice C 1043, for further details on these heaterdesigns.1.5 The guarded-hot-plate apparatus can be operated witheither vertical or horizontal heat flow. The user is ca
8、utionedhowever, since the test results from the two orientations may bedifferent if convective heat flow occurs within the specimens.1.6 Although no definitive upper limit can be given for themagnitude of specimen conductance that is measurable on aguarded-hot-plate, for practical reasons the specim
9、en conduc-tance should be less than 16 W/(m2K).1.7 This test method is applicable to the measurement of awide variety of specimens, ranging from opaque solids toporous or transparent materials, and a wide range of environ-mental conditions including measurements conducted at ex-tremes of temperature
10、 and with various gases and pressures.1.8 Inhomogeneities normal to the heat flux direction, suchas layered structures, can be successfully evaluated using thistest method. However, testing specimens with inhomogeneitiesin the heat flux direction, such as an insulation system withthermal bridges, ca
11、n yield results that are location specific andshall not be attempted with this type of apparatus. See TestMethods C 976 or C 236 for guidance in testing these systems.1.9 Calculations of thermal transmission properties basedupon measurements using this method shall be performed inconformance with Pr
12、actice C 1045.1.10 In order to ensure the level of precision and accuracyexpected, persons applying this standard must possess aknowledge of the requirements of thermal measurements andtesting practice and of the practical application of heat transfertheory relating to thermal insulation materials a
13、nd systems.Detailed operating procedures, including design schematicsand electrical drawings, should be available for each apparatusto ensure that tests are in accordance with this test method. Inaddition, automated data collecting and handling systemsconnected to the apparatus must be verified as t
14、o theiraccuracy. This can be done by calibration and inputting datasets, which have known results associated with them, intocomputer programs.1.11 It is not practical for a test method of this type toestablish details of design and construction and the proceduresto cover all contingencies that might
15、 offer difficulties to aperson without technical knowledge concerning theory of heatflow, temperature measurements and general testing practices.The user may also find it necessary, when repairing or1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the dire
16、ct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 177 97 .2The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to the list of references at theend of this
17、standard.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.modifying the apparatus, to become a designer or builder, orboth, on whom the demands for fundamental understandingand careful experimental technique are even greater. Standard
18、-ization of this test method is not intended to restrict in any waythe future development of new or improved apparatus orprocedures.1.12 This test method does not specify all details necessaryfor the operation of the apparatus. Decisions on sampling,specimen selection, preconditioning, specimen moun
19、ting andpositioning, the choice of test conditions, and the evaluation oftest data shall follow applicable ASTM Test Methods, Guides,Practices or Product Specifications or governmental regula-tions. If no applicable standard exists, sound engineeringjudgment that reflects accepted heat transfer prin
20、ciples must beused and documented.1.13 This test method allows a wide range of apparatusdesign and design accuracy to be used in order to satisfy therequirements of specific measurement problems. Compliancewith this test method requires a statement of the uncertainty ofeach reported variable in the
21、report. A discussion of thesignificant error factors involved is included.1.14 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Either SI or Imperial units may be used in the report,unless otherwise specified.1.15 This standard
22、 does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary stateme
23、nts are given in Note 21.1.16 Major sections within this test method are arranged asfollows:Section SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Specimen Preparation and Conditioning 7Procedure 8Calculation of Results 9Report 10Precision a
24、nd Bias 11Keywords 12FiguresGeneral Arrangement of the Mechanical Components of the Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusFig. 1Illustration of Heat Flow in the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus Fig.2Example Report Form Fig. 3AnnexesImportance of Thickness A1.1Measuring Thickness A1.2Limitations Due to Apparatus A1.
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