ASTM C1507-2007e1 Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Strontium-90 in Soil《土壤中锶90的放射化学测定用标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C1507 071Standard Test Method forRadiochemical Determination of Strontium-90 in Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1507; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTETypos in the equation in Section 14.7 were editorially corrected in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable to the determinat
3、ion ofstrontium-90 in soil at levels of detection dependent on counttime, sample size, detector efficiency, background, and recov-ery.1.2 This test method is designed for the analysis of tengrams of soil, previously collected and treated as described inPractices C998 and C999. This test method may n
4、ot be able tocompletely dissolve all soil matrices. The values stated in SIunits are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
5、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for RadionuclidesC999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Det
6、ermi-nation of RadionuclidesD1193 Specification for Reagent Water3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C859.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Strontium is extracted from soil with a mixture of nitric,hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric acids in the presence of s
7、tron-tium carrier. Strontium is isolated by extraction chromatogra-phy and evaporated on a planchet for recovery determinationand subsequent beta counting. This test method describes oneof the possible approaches to determine strontium-90 in soil.The chemical yield is typically 95 % with a detection
8、 limit ofabout 0.004 Bq/g for a ten gram sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 Because soil is an integrator and a reservoir of long-lived radionuclides, and serves as an intermediary in severalpathways of potential exposure to humans, knowledge of theconcentration of strontium-90 in soil is essential.
9、A soilsampling and analysis program provides a direct means ofdetermining the concentration and distribution of radionuclidesin soil. A soil analysis program has the most significance forthe preoperational monitoring program to establish baselineconcentrations prior to the operation of a nuclear fac
10、ility. Soilanalysis, although useful in special cases involving unexpectedreleases, may not be able to assess small incremental releases.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of strontium-89 in the sample will inter-fere with the determination of strontium-90.6.2 Large concentrations of strontium, calciu
11、m, barium, orlead in the soil sample could interfere with the extractionchromatographic separation by loading the column with theseelements. Section 12.1 discusses procedures for accounting forthe stable strontium.6.3 The final strontium form is a nitrate salt and it ishygroscopic. Care must be take
12、n when determining the mass ofthe final precipitate to avoid mass fluctuations and changes inphysical form or self-absorption due to water absorption fromthe atmosphere.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
13、ttee C26.05 on Methods ofTest.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C1507 01 (2006). DOI:10.1520/C1507-07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
14、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Apparatus7.1 Beta Particle CounterA shielded
15、low-backgroundproportional detector with appropriate electronics and compu-tational capabilities to control operations. The efficiency of thesystem should be greater than 35 percent for strontium-90 witha background of less than a few counts per minute. Themeasurement of strontium-90 can also be con
16、ducted by liquidscintillation spectrometry provided equivalency is demon-strated.7.2 Counting DishesTypically, 50 mm diameter, 6 mmdeep, stainless steel counting dishes, although other sizes maybe used that are compatible with the measurement instrumen-tation.7.3 Heat Lamp.7.4 Muffle Furnace.7.5 Wha
17、tman #2 Filter Paper.7.6 Borosilicate Glass Erlenmeyers Flasks and Beakers.7.7 PTFE Beakers.7.8 Stir/Hot Plate.7.9 Teflon Coated Magnetic Stir Bars.8. Reagents8.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall co
18、nform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.3Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of t
19、he determination.8.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedin Specification D1193, Type III.8.3 Strontium CarrierDissolve 10.00 grams of Sr(NO3)2in 0.1M HNO3and dilute to one liter with 0.1M HNO310 mgSr(NO3)2per mL. If insol
20、uble material is observed, filter thecarrier solution through 0.1-0.45 m filter media.8.4 29 M Hydrofluoric Acid (48 %)Concentrated hydrof-luoric acid.8.5 12 M Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)Concentratedhydrochloric acid.8.6 16 M Nitric Acid (sp gr 1.42)Concentrated nitric acid.8.7 8 M Nitric AcidMix
21、 one volume of concentrated nitricacid with one volume of water.8.8 0.1 M Nitric AcidAdd 6.25 mL concentrated nitricacid to water and dilute to one liter.8.9 0.05 M Nitric AcidAdd 3.10 mL concentrated nitricacid to water and dilute to one liter.8.10 Extraction Chromatographic ColumnA2 mLstrontium-sp
22、ecific extraction chromatographic column includ-ing funnel reservoir.49. Standardization and Calibration9.1 Standardization of Strontium CarrierThe standardiza-tion of the strontium carrier should be conducted in triplicate.Standardization of the strontium carrier and yield calculationsmay also be p
23、erformed by plasma spectrometry analysisprovided equivalency is demonstrated.9.1.1 Clean and weigh the counting dish.9.1.2 Pipette 1.000 mL of strontium carrier solution into thecounting dish.9.1.3 Place the counting dish in a fume hood under a heatlamp until the sample is at constant weight.9.1.4 C
24、ool the sample counting dish and counting dish/residue and reweigh.9.1.5 Average the three net residue weights and record theaverage as the amount of the strontium nitrate in the carrier.9.2 Calibration of Beta Counting System for Strontium-90This calibration should be carried out in triplicate for
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