ASTM C1221-2010 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Analysis of Special Nuclear Materials in Homogeneous Solutions by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry《γ射线光谱法无损分析均相溶液中特种核材料的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM C1221-2010 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Analysis of Special Nuclear Materials in Homogeneous Solutions by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry《γ射线光谱法无损分析均相溶液中特种核材料的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM C1221-2010 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Analysis of Special Nuclear Materials in Homogeneous Solutions by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry《γ射线光谱法无损分析均相溶液中特种核材料的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: C1221 10Standard Test Method forNondestructive Analysis of Special Nuclear Materials inHomogeneous Solutions by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1221; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the con-centration of gamma-ray emitt
3、ing special nuclear materialsdissolved in homogeneous solutions. The test method correctsfor gamma-ray attenuation by the solution and its container bymeasurement of the transmission of a beam of gamma raysfrom an external source (Refs. (1), (2), and (3).21.2 Two solution geometries, slab and cylind
4、er, are consid-ered. The solution container that determines the geometry maybe either a removable or a fixed geometry container. This testmethod is limited to solution containers having walls or a topand bottom of equal transmission through which the gammarays from the external transmission correcti
5、on source mustpass.1.3 This test method is typically applied to radionuclideconcentrations ranging from a few milligrams per litre toseveral hundred grams per litre. The assay range will be afunction of the specific activity of the nuclide of interest, thephysical characteristics of the solution con
6、tainer, countingequipment considerations, assay gamma-ray energies, solutionmatrix, gamma-ray branching ratios, and interferences.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
7、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specifichazards, see Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C1133 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of SpecialNuclear Material in Low-Density Scrap and Waste bySeg
8、mented Passive Gamma-Ray ScanningC1490 Guide for the Selection, Training and Qualificationof Nondestructive Assay (NDA) PersonnelC1592 Guide for Nondestructive Assay MeasurementsC1673 Terminology of C26.10 NondestructiveAssay Meth-odsC1168 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Pluto-nium Mater
9、ials for AnalysisE181 Test Methods for Detector Calibration andAnalysis ofRadionuclides2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI N15.20 Guide to Calibrating Nondestructive AssaySystemsANSI N15.35 Guide to Preparing Calibration Material forNondestructiveAssay Systems that Count Passive GammaRaysANSI N15.37 Guide to t
10、he Automation of NondestructiveAssay Systems for Nuclear Material ControlANSI N42.14 American National Standard for Calibrationand Use of Germanium Spectrometers for the Measure-ment of Gamma-Ray Emission Rates of RadionuclidesANSI/IEEE 645 Test Procedures for High-Purity Germa-nium Detectors for Io
11、nizing Radiation3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toCommittee C26.10s Terminology standard, C1673.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Many nuclear materials spontaneously emit gamma rayswith energies and intensities characteristic of the decayingnuclide. The analysi
12、s for these nuclear materials is accom-plished by selecting appropriate gamma rays and measuringtheir intensity to identify and quantify the nuclide.4.1.1 The gamma-ray spectrum of a portion of solution isobtained with a collimated, high resolution gamma-ray detec-tor.1This test method is under the
13、jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.10 on NonDestructive Assay.Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1221 92 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/C122
14、1-92R10.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Count-
16、rate-dependent losses are determined and cor-rections are made for these losses.4.1.3 A correction factor for gamma-ray attenuation in thesolution and its container is determined from the measurementof the transmitted intensity of an external gamma-ray source.The gamma rays from the external source
17、have energies closeto those of the assay gamma rays emitted from the solution.Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate typical transmission source, solution,and detector configurations. Gamma rays useful for assays of235U and239Pu are listed in Table 1.4.1.4 The relationship between the measured gamma-rayintensity
18、and the nuclide concentration (the calibration con-stant) is determined by use of appropriate standards(ANSI N15.20, ANSI N15.35, and Guide C1592.4.2 In the event that the total element concentration isdesired and only one isotope of an element is determined (forexample,239Pu), the isotopic ratios m
19、ust be measured orestimated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a nondestructive means of determin-ing the nuclide concentration of a solution for special nuclearmaterial accountancy, nuclear safety, and process control.5.2 It is assumed that the nuclide to be analyzed is in ahomogeneous
20、solution (Practice C1168).5.3 The transmission correction makes the test methodindependent of matrix (solution elemental composition anddensity) and useful over several orders of magnitude of nuclideconcentrations. However, a typical configuration will normallyspan only two to three orders of magnit
21、ude because of detectordynamic range.5.4 The test method assumes that the solution-detectorgeometry is the same for all measured items. This can beaccomplished by requiring that the liquid height in the side-looking geometry exceeds the detector field of view defined bythe collimator. For the upward
22、-looking geometry, a fixedsolution fill height must be maintained and vials of identicalradii must be used unless the vial radius exceeds the field ofview defined by the collimator.5.5 Since gamma-ray systems can be automated, the testmethod can be rapid, reliable, and not labor intensive.5.6 This t
23、est method may be applicable to in-line or off-linesituations.6. Interferences6.1 Radionuclides may be present in the solution, whichproduce gamma rays with energies that are the same or verynearly the same as the gamma rays suggested for nuclidemeasurement, count rate correction, or transmission co
24、rrection.Thus, the corresponding peaks in the gamma-ray spectrum maybe unresolved and their areas may not be easily determinedunless multiplet fitting techniques are used. In some cases, thenuclide of interest may emit other gamma rays that can be usedfor analysis or alternative transmission or coun
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
10000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ASTMC12212010STANDARDTESTMETHODFORNONDESTRUCTIVEANALYSISOFSPECIALNUCLEARMATERIALSINHOMOGENEOUSSOLUTIONSBYGAMMARAYSPECTROMETRY

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-463799.html